Possible selves, strategies and perceived likelihood among adolescents in Hong Kong: desire and concern

References

• Bandura, A., Barbaranelli, C., Caprara, G. V., & Pastorelli, C. (2001). Self-efficacy beliefs as shapers of children's aspirations and career trajectories. Child Development, 72, 187–206. doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00273.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bardach, S. H., Gayer, C. C., Clinkinbeard, T., Zanjani, F., & Watkins, J. F. (2010). The malleability of possible selves and expectations regarding aging. Educational Gerontology, 36, 407–424. doi:10.1080/03601270903212393.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baumeister, R. F., Smart, L., & Boden, J. M. (1996). Relation of threatened egotism to violence and aggression: The dark side of high self-esteem. Psychological Review, 103, 5–33. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.103.1.5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyd, D. R., & Bee, H. L. (2012). Lifespan development (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
   Google Scholar
• Briones, E., Tabernero, C., & Arenas, A. (2011). Adolescents' future wishes and fears in their acculturation process. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 35, 1–8. doi:10.1016/j.ijintrel.2010.06.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, E. R., & Diekman, A. B. (2010). What will I be? Exploring gender differences in near and distant possible selves. Sex Roles, 63, 568–579. doi:10.1007/s11199-010-9827-x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cai, H., Brown, J. D., Deng, C., & Oakes, M. A. (2007). Self-esteem and culture: Differences in cognitive self-evaluations or affective self-regard?Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 10, 162–170. doi:10.1111/j.1467-839X.2007.00222.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clinkinbeard, S. S. (2007). Social feedback perceptions, self-efficacy, and possible selves among adolescent offenders in secured juvenile facilities (PhD). University of Nevada, Reno. Available from ProQuest UMI (No. 3276955).
   Google Scholar
• Clinkinbeard, S. S., & Murray, C. I. (2012). Perceived support, belonging, and possible selves strategies among incarcerated juvenile offenders. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 42, 1218–1240. doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2011.00884.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clinkinbeard, S. S., & Zohra, T. (2012). Expectations, fears, and strategies: Juvenile offender thoughts on a future outside of incarceration. Youth & Society, 44, 236–257. doi:10.1177/0044118x11398365.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Compas, B. E., Davis, G. E., Forsythe, C. J., & Wagner, B. M. (1987). Assessment of major and daily stressful events during adolescence: The Adolescent Perceived Events Scale. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55, 534–541. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.55.4.534.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Consedine, N. S., Sabag-Cohen, S., & Krivoshekova, Y. S. (2007). Ethnic, gender, and socioeconomic differences in young adults' self-disclosure: Who discloses what and to whom?Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology, 13, 254–263. doi:10.1037/1099-9809.13.3.254.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cross, S., & Markus, H. (1991). Possible selves across the life span. Human Development, 34, 230–255. doi:10.1159/000277058.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Curriculum Development Council Hong Kong. (2013). Senior secondary curriculum guide. Hong Kong., Retrieved from http://cd1.edb.hkedcity.net/cd/cns/sscg_web/html/english/index.html,.
   Google Scholar
• Currie, C. E., Elton, R. A., Todd, J., & Platt, S. (1997). Indicators of socioeconomic status for adolescents: The WHO health behaviour in school-aged children survey. Health Education Research, 12, 385–397. doi:10.1093/her/12.3.385.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Curry, C., Trew, K., Turner, I., & Hunter, J. (1994). The effect of life domains on girls' possible selves. Adolescence, 29, 133–150.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Education and Manpower Bureau Hong Kong. (2005). The new academic structure for senior secondary education and higher education: Action plan for investing in the future of Hong Kong. In Hong Kong, Retrieved from http://334.edb.hkedcity.net/EN/consultationreport.php.
   Google Scholar
• Erikson, E. H. (1968). Identity, youth, and crisis. New York, NY: Norton.
   Google Scholar
• Ervin, L. H., & Stryker, S. (2001). Theorizing the relationship between self-esteem and identity. In T. J.Owens, S.Stryker, & N.Goodman (Eds.), Extending self-esteem research: Sociological and psychological currents (pp. 29–55). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Fryberg, S. A., & Markus, H. R. (2003). On being American Indian: Current and possible selves. Self and Identity, 2, 325–344. doi:10.1080/714050251.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamman, D., Gosselin, K., Romano, J., & Bunuan, R. (2010). Using possible-selves theory to understand the identity development of new teachers. Teaching and Teacher Education, 26, 1349–1361. doi:10.1016/j.tate.2010.03.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris, K. M., Duncan, G. J., & Boisjoly, J. (2002). Evaluating the role of "nothing to lose" attitudes on risky behavior in adolescence. Social Forces, 80, 1005–1039. doi:10.1353/sof.2002.0008.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hau, K. -T., & Ho, I. T. (2010). Chinese students' motivation and achievement. In M.Bond (Ed.), Handbook of Chinese psychology (2nd ed., pp. 187–205). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hong Kong Census and Statistics Department. (2006). 2006 Population by-census: Basic tables for district council districts, Hong Kong. Retrieved from http://www.bycensus2006.gov.hk/FileManager/EN/Content_962/06bc_dcca_hk.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Hong Kong Special Aministration Region Government. (2012). Economic special reports: Unemployment of Hong Kong adolescents. Hong Kong.
   Google Scholar
• Hooker, K. (1992). Possible selves and perceived health in older adults and college students. Journal of Gerontology, 47, P85–P95. doi:10.1093/geronj/47.2.P85.
   Google Scholar
• Hoyle, R. H., & Sherrill, M. R. (2006). Future orientation in the self-system: Possible selves, self-regulation, and behavior. Journal of Personality, 74, 1673–1696. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2006.00424.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jenkins, G. E. (1999). The possible selves of college students with and without disabilities (PhD thesis). Mississippi State University. Retrieved from http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=730308731&fmt=7&clientid=17557&rqt=309&vname=pqd(9946327).
   Google Scholar
• Kao, G. (2000). Group images and possible selves among adolescents: Linking stereotypes to expectations by race and ethnicity. Sociological Forum, 15, 407–430. doi:10.1023/a:1007572209544.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knox, M. S., Funk, J., Elliot, R., & Bush, E. G. (1998). Adolescents' possible selves and their relationship to global self-esteem. Sex Roles, 39, 61–80. doi:10.1023/A:1018877716225.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knox, M. S., Funk, J., Elliott, R., & Bush, E. G. (2000). Gender differences in adolescents' possible selves. Youth & Society, 31, 287–309. doi:10.1177/0044118x00031003002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwan, V. S., Hui, C. -M., & McGee, J. A. (2010). What do we know about the Chinese self. In M.Bond (Ed.), The handbook of Chinese psychology (pp. 279–294). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lau, S. (Ed.). (1996). Growing up the Chinese way: Chinese child and adolescent development. Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, S. J., & Oyserman, D. (2007). Reaching for the future: The education-focused possible selves of low-income mothers. New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education, 2007, 39–49. doi:10.1002/ace.255.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, S. J., & Oyserman, D. (2009). Possible selves theory. In E.Anderman & L.Anderman (Eds.), Psychology of classroom learning: An encyclopedia (pp. 269–288). Detroit, MI: Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Leondari, A., Gonida, E. N., & Gialamas, V. (2009). “Possible” selves during middle adolescence: Relationships with school achievement and with various demographic factors. Psychology: The Journal of the Hellenic Psychological Society, 16, 342–360.
   Google Scholar
• Leung, K. (2010). Beliefs in Chinese culture. In M.Bond (Ed.), Handbook of Chinese psychology (2nd ed., pp. 221–240). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lips, H. M. (2004). The gender gap in possible selves: Divergence of academic self-views among high school and university students. Sex Roles, 50, 357–371. doi:10.1023/B:SERS.0000018891.88889.c9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maneesriwongul, W., & Dixon, J. K. (2004). Instrument translation process: A methods review. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 48, 175–186. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2004.03185.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Markus, H., & Nurius, P. (1986). Possible selves. American Psychologist, 41, 954–969. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.41.9.954.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meek, R. (2007). The parenting possible selves of young fathers in prison. Psychology, Crime & Law, 13, 371–382. doi:10.1080/10683160601060614.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Narcotics Division Security Bureau H.K.S.A.R.. (2010). The 2008/09 survey of drug use among students. Retrieved from http://www.nd.gov.hk/en/survey_of_drug_use.htm.
   Google Scholar
• Narcotics Division Security Bureau H.K.S.A.R. (2013). The 2011/12 survey of drug use among students. Retrieved from http://www.nd.gov.hk/en/survey_of_drug_use_11-12.htm.
   Google Scholar
• Oyserman, D., Bybee, D., & Terry, K. (2003). Gendered racial identity and involvement with School. Self and Identity, 2, 307–324. doi:10.1080/714050250.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oyserman, D., Bybee, D., & Terry, K. (2006). Possible selves and academic outcomes: How and when possible selves impel action. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91, 188–204. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.91.1.188.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oyserman, D., Bybee, D., Terry, K., & Hart-Johnson, T. (2004). Possible selves as roadmaps. Journal of Research in Personality, 38, 130–149. doi:10.1016/s0092-6566(03)00057-6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oyserman, D., Coon, H. M., & Kemmelmeier, M. (2002). Rethinking individualism and collectivism: Evaluation of theoretical assumptions and meta-analyses. Psychological Bulletin, 128, 3–72. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.128.1.3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oyserman, D., & Fryberg, S. A. (2006). The possible selves of diverse adolescents: Content and function across gender, race and national origin. In C.Dunkel & J.Kerpelman (Eds.), Possible selves: Theory, research and applications (pp. 17–39). New York, NY: Nova Science.
   Google Scholar
• Oyserman, D., Fryberg, S. A., & Yoder, N. (2007). Identity-based motivation and health. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93, 1011–1027. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.93.6.1011.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oyserman, D., Gant, L., & Ager, J. (1995). A socially contextualized model of African American identity: Possible selves and school persistence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 1216–1232. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.69.6.1216.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oyserman, D., & Markus, H. R. (1990). Possible selves and delinquency. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 112–125. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.59.1.112.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oyserman, D., Terry, K., & Bybee, D. (2002). A possible selves intervention to enhance school involvement. Journal of Adolescence, 25, 313–326. doi:10.1006/jado.2002.0474.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ridge, T. (2002). Childhood poverty and social exclusion: From a child's perspective. Bristol: The Policy Press.
   Google Scholar
• Rose, J. (2006). You and your mid-adolescent. London: Karnac Books.
   Google Scholar
• Ryff, C. D. (1991). Possible selves in adulthood and old age: A tale of shifting horizons. Psychology and Aging, 6, 286–295. doi:10.1037/0882-7974.6.2.286.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shah, A. A., Syeda, F., & Bhatti, S. H. (2012). Pocket money as a proxy for family income. International Journal of Social Science & Education, 2, 688–693.
   Google Scholar
• Waid, L. D., & Frazier, L. D. (2003). Cultural differences in possible selves during later life. Journal of Aging Studies, 17, 251–268. doi:10.1016/s0890-4065(03)00031-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, Z. (Song Dynasty). Encourage learning (poem).
   Google Scholar
• Weinberger, D. R., Elvevåg, B., & Giedd, J. N. (2005). The adolescent brain. Washington, DC: National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy.
   Google Scholar