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Original Articles

Crystal‐smectic E mesophases in a series of 2‐(4‐n‐alkylphenyl)indenes

, , , , , , , , & show all
Pages 919-926 | Received 10 Nov 2006, Accepted 14 Jun 2007, Published online: 11 Sep 2007

References

  • de Gennes , P. G. and Prost , J. 1993 . The Physics of Liquid Crystals , Oxford : Oxford Science Publications, Clarendon Press . second edn
  • Gray , G. W. and Harrison , K. J. 1971 . Mol. Cryst. liq. Cryst. , 13 : 37 (a) (b) A.J. Leadbetter, M.A. Mazid, K.M.A. Malik. Mol. Cryst. liq. Cryst., 61, 39 (1980)
  • Ito , S. , Ando , M. , Nomura , A. , Morita , N. , Kabuto , C. , Mukai , H. , Ohta , K. , Kawakami , J. , Yoshizawa , A. and Tajiri , A. 2005 . J. Org. Chem. , 70 : 3939
  • Eidenschink (Merck Patent GmbH) , R. 1994 . Ger. Offen. DE 4 303 634 . [Chem. Abstr.,122, 68445 (1995)]
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  • Gray , G. W. and Goodby , J. W. 1984 . Smectic Liquid Crystals – Textures and Structures , 82 – 93 . Glasgow : Leonhard Hill .
  • Greifenstein , L. G. , Lambert , J. B. , Nienhuis , R. J. , Fried , H. E. and Pagani , G. A. 1981 . J. Org. Chem. , 46 : 5125 (a) (b) I.E. Nifant'ev, A.A. Sitnikov, N.V. Andriukhova, I.P. Laishevtsev, Y.N. Luzikov. Tetrahedron Lett., 43, 3213 (2002)
  • Zhu , W. , Liu , C. , Su , L. , Yang , W. , Yuan , M. and Cao , Y. 2003 . J. Mater. Chem. , 13 : 50 (a) (b) M.R. Friedman, K.J. Toyne, J.W. Goodby, M. Hird. Liq. Cryst., 28, 901 (2001); (c) G.W. Gray, M. Hird, D. Lacey, K.J. Toyne. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2, 2041 (1989); (d) S. Franks, F.R. Hartley. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 2233 (1980)
  • Soós , T. , Bennett , B. L. , Rutherford , D. , Barthel‐Rosa , L. P. and Gladysz , J. A. 2001 . Organometallics , 20 : 3079 Adapted from the procedure in:
  • Tamao , K. , Sumitani , K. and Kumada , M. 1972 . J. Am. chem. Soc. , 94 : 4374 (a) (b) R.J. Corriu, J.P. Masse. Chem. Commun., 144 (1972); (c) K. Tamao, K. Sumitani, Y. Kiso, M. Zembayashi, A. Fujioka, S. Kodama, I. Nakajima, A. Minato, M. Kumada. Bull. chem. Soc. Japan, 49 , 1958 (1976); (d) M. Kumada. Pure appl. Chem., 52, 669 (1980); (e) reviewed by V.N. Kalinin. Synthesis, 413 (1992)
  • Halterman , R. L. , Fahey , D. R. , Bailly , E. F. , Dockter , D. W. , Stenzel , O. , Shipman , J. L. , Khan , M. A. , Dechert , S. and Schumann , H. 2000 . Organometallics , 19 : 5464 (a) (b) I. McEwen, M. Rönnquist, P. Ahlberg. J. Am. chem. Soc., 115, 3989 (1993); (c) D.R. Dalton, V.P. Dutta, D.C. Jones. J. Am. chem. Soc., 90, 5498 (1968)
  • Single crystals of 3f were obtained from a concentrated heptane solution at room temperature. Formula C20H22, M = 262.38, colourless crystal 0.25×0.20×0.03 mm, triclinic, space group P1bar (No. 2), a = 9.291(1), b = 18.725(1), c = 18.855(1) Å, α = 103.50(1), β = 93.18(1), γ = 99.49(1)°, V = 3130.9(4) Å3, ρcalc = 1.113 g cm−3, Z = 8, empirical absorption correction (0.893⩽T⩽0.986), CuKα radiation, λ = 1.54178 Å, T = 223 K, ω and ϕ scans, 35 206 reflections collected (±h, ±k, ±l), [(sin θ)/λ] = 0.58 Å‐1, 9752 independent (Rint = 0.106) and 5808 observed reflections [I⩾2 σ(I)], 725 refined parameters, μ = 0.463 mm−1, R = 0.088, wR2 = 0.258, max. residual electron density 0.31 (−0.25) e Å−3, hydrogen atoms calculated and refined as riding atoms, crystals of poor quality leads to an analysis of limited accuracy. The data set was collected with a Nonius KappaCCD diffractometer. Programs used: data collection COLLECT (Nonius BV, 1998); data reduction Denzo‐SMN [Z. Otwinowski, W. Minor. Meth. Enzymol., 276, 307 (1997)]; absorption correction Denzo [Z. Otwinowski, D. Borek, W. Majewski, W. Minor. Acta crystallogr. A, 59, 228 (2003)]; structure solution SHELXS‐97 [G.M. Sheldrick. Acta crystallogr. A, 46, 467 (1990)]; structure refinement SHELXL‐97 [G.M. Sheldrick. Universität Göttingen (1997)]; graphics SCHAKAL [E. Keller. Universität Freiburg (1997)]. CCDC‐283145 contains the supplementary crystallographic data for this paper that can be obtained free of charge from the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre via www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/data_request/cif
  • Demus , D. and Richter , L. 1978 . Textures of Liquid Crystals Deutscher Verlag für Grundstoffindustrie, Leipzig; see, for example, plate 133
  • As stated by Goodby, the E phase exhibits a platelet texture, which often appears grey‐blue to yellowish in colour. The texture is very different to normal mosaic textures in that the transparent platelets overlap so that ghost‐like images of platelets can be seen through platelets near to the surface. This type of texture is unique to the E phase and therefore makes it readily identifiable (see ref. [6], p. 91)
  • Seddon , J. M. 1998 . Handbook of Liquid Crystals , Edited by: Demus , D , Goodby , J. W , Gray , J. W , Spiess , H.‐W and Vill , V . 635 – 679 . Weinheim : Wiley‐VCH . Vol. 1

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