Wide-angle switchable negative refraction in high birefringence nematic liquid crystals

References

• Veselago , VG. 1968 . The electrodynamics of substances with simultaneously negative values of ϵ and μ . Sov Phys Usp , 10 : 509 – 514 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pendry , JB. 2000 . Negative refraction makes a perfect lens . Phys Rev Lett. , 85 : 3966 – 3969 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ziolkowski , RW. 2003 . Design, fabrication, and testing of double negative metamaterials . IEEE Trans Antenn Propag. , 51 : 1516 – 1529 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cai , W , Chettiar , UK , Kildishev , AV and Shalaev , VM. 2007 . Optical cloaking with metamaterials . Nat Photonics. , 1 : 224 – 227 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang , X and Liu , Z. 2008 . Superlenses to overcome the diffraction limit . Nat Mater. , 7 : 436 – 441 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Veselago , VG and Narimanov , EE. 2006 . The left hand of brightness: past, present and future of negative index materials . Nat Mater. , 5 : 759 – 762 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pendry , JB , Holden , AJ , Stewart , WJ and Youngs , I. 1996 . Extremely low frequency plasmons in metallic mesostructures . Phys Rev Lett. , 76 : 4773 – 4776 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pendry , JB , Holden , AJ , Robbins , DJ and Stewart , WJ. 1999 . Magnetism from conductors and enhanced nonlinear phenomena . IEEE Trans Microw Theory Tech. , 47 : 2075 – 2084 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , DR , Padilla Willie , J , Nemat-Nasser Vier , DC and Schultz , S. 2000 . Composite medium with simultaneously negative permeability and permittivity . Phys Rev Lett. , 84 : 4184 – 4187 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shelby , RA , Smith , DR and Schultz , S. 2001 . Experimental verification of a negative index of refraction . Science. , 292 : 77 – 79 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shalaev , VM. 2007 . Optical negative-index metamaterials . Nat Photonics. , 1 : 41 – 48 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shalaev , VM , Cai , W , Chettiar , UK , Yuan , HK , Sarychev , AK , Drachev , VP and Kildishev , AV. 2005 . Negative index of refraction in optical metamaterials . Opt Lett. , 30 : 3356 – 3358 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dolling , G , Enkrich , C , Wegener , M , Soukoulis , CM and Linden , S. 2006 . Simultaneous negative phase and group velocity of light in a metamaterial . Science. , 312 : 892 – 894 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffman , AJ , Alekseyev , L , Howard , SS , Franz , KJ , Wasserman , D , Podolskiy , VA , Narimanov , EE , Sivco , DL and Gmachl , C. 2007 . Negative refraction in semiconductor metamaterials . Nat Mater. , 6 : 946 – 950 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mary , A , Rodrigo , SG , Garcia-Vidal , FJ and Martin-Moreno , L. 2008 . Theory of negative-refractive-index response of double-fishnet structures . Phys Rev Lett. , 101:103902-1–103902-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Minovich , A , Neshev , DN , Powell , DA , Shadrivov , IV and Kivshar , YS. 2010 . Tunable fishnet metamaterials infiltrated by liquid crystals . Appl Phys Lett. , 96:193103-1–193103-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yong Zhang , B and Mascarenhas , FA . 2003 . Total negative refraction in real crystals for ballistic electrons and light . Phys Rev Lett. , 91:157404-1–157404-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen , XL , He , M , Du , YX , Wang , WY and Zhang , DF. 2005 . Negative refraction: an intrinsic property of uniaxial crystals . Phys Rev B. , 72:113111-1–113111-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Du , YX , He , M , Chen , XL , Wang , WY and Zhang , DF. 2006 . Uniaxial crystal slabs as amphoteric-reflecting media . Phys Rev B. , 73:245110-1–245110-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pishnyak , OP and Lavrentovich , OD. 2006 . Electrically controlled negative refraction in a nematic liquid crystal . Appl Phys Lett. , 89:251103-1–251103-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao , Q , Kang , L , Li , B , Zhou , J , Tang , H and Zhang , B. 2006 . Tunable negative refraction in nematic liquid crystals . Appl Phys Lett. , 89:221918-1–221918-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kang , L , Zhao , Q , Li , B , Zhou , J and Zhu , H. 2007 . Experimental verification of a tunable optical negative refraction in nematic liquid crystals . Appl Phys Lett. , 90:181931-1–181931-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li , MS , Huang , SY , Wu , ST , Lin , HC and Fun , AYG. 2010 . Optical and electro-optical properties of photonic crystals based on polymer-dispersed liquid crystals . Appl Phys B. , 101 : 245 – 252 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun , J , Zhou , J , Li , B and Kang , F. 2011 . Indefinite permittivity and negative refraction in natural material: graphite . Appl Phys Lett. , 98:101901-1–101901-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen , CY , Tsai , TR , Pan , CL and Pan , RP. 2003 . Room temperature terahertz phase shifter based on magnetically controlled birefringence in liquid crystals . Appl Phys Lett. , 83 : 4497 – 4499 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fan , YH , Ren , H and Wu , ST. 2003 . Normal-mode anisotropic liquid-crystal gels . Appl Phys Lett. , 82 : 2945 – 2947 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maune , B , Loncar , M , Witzens , J , Hochberg , M , Baehr-Jones , T , Psaltis , D , Schere , A and Qiu , Y. 2004 . Liquid-crystal electric tuning of a photonic crystal laser . Appl Phys Lett. , 85 : 360 – 362 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang , F , Zhang , W , Zhao , Q , Sun , J , Qiu , K , Zhou , J and Lippens , D. 2011 . Electrically controllable fishnet metamaterial based on nematic liquid crystal . Opt Exp. , 19 : 1563 – 1568 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gorkunov , MV and Osipov , MA. 2008 . Tunability of wire-grid metamaterial immersed into nematic liquid crystal . J Appl Phys. , 103:036101-1–036101-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khoo , IC , Werner , DH , Liang , X , Diaz , A and Weiner , B. 2006 . Nanosphere dispersed liquid crystals for tunable negative–zero–positive index of refraction in the optical and terahertz regimes . Opt Lett. , 31 : 2592 – 2594 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang , X , Kwon , DH , Werner , DH , Khoo , IC , Kildishev , AV and Shalaev , VM. 2007 . Tunable optical negative-index metamaterials employing anisotropic liquid crystals . Appl Phys Lett. , 91:143122-1–143122-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spinozzi , E and Ciattoni , A. 2011 . Ultrathin optical switch based on a liquid crystal/silver nanoparticles mixture as a tunable indefinite medium . Opt Mat Exp. , 1 : 732 – 741 .
   Google Scholar
• Gauza , S , Li , J , Wu , ST , Spadlo , A , Dabrowski , R , Tzeng , YN and Cheng , KL. 2005 . High birefringence and high resistivity isothiocyanate-based nematic liquid crystal mixtures . Liq Cryst. , 32 : 1077 – 1085 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liao , YM , Chen , HL , Hsu , CS , Gauza , S and Wu , ST. 2007 . Synthesis and mesomorphic properties of super high birefringence isothiocyanato bistolane liquid crystals . Liq Cryst. , 34 : 507 – 517 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gauza , S , Wen , CH , Wu , ST , Janarthanan , N and Hsu , CS. 2004 . Super high birefringence isothiocyanato biphenyl-bistolane liquid crystals . Jpn J Appl Phys. , 43 : 7634 – 7638 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xianyu , H , Wu , ST and Lin , CL. 2009 . Dual frequency liquid crystals: a review . Liq Cryst. , 36 : 717 – 726 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xianyu , H , Liang , X , Sun , J and Wu , ST. 2010 . High performance dual frequency liquid crystal compounds and mixture for operation at elevated temperature . Liq Cryst. , 37 : 1493 – 1499 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar