Orientation of chromonic liquid crystals by topographic linear channels: multi-stable alignment and tactoid structure

References

• Tortora L,Lavrentovich OD.Chiral symmetry breaking by spatial confinement in tactoidal droplets of lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA.2011;108:5163–5168.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iverson K,Casey SM,Seo W,Tam-Chang SW.Controlling molecular orientation in solid films via self-organization in the liquid-crystalline phase.Langmuir.2002;18:3510–3516.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park SK,Park SK,Kim SE,Kim DY,Kang SW,Shin S,Kuo SW,Hwang SH,Lee SH,Lee MH,Jeong KU.Polymer-stabilized chromonic liquid-crystalline polarizer.Adv Funct Mater.2011;21:2129–2139.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nazarenko VG,Boiko1 OP,Anisimov MI,Kadashchuk AK,Nastishin YA,Golovin AB,Lavrentovich OD.Lyotropic chromonic liquid crystal semiconductors for water-solution processable organic electronics.Appl Phys Lett.2010;97:263305.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lydon J.Chromonic review.Mater Chem.2010;20:10071–10099.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lydon J.Chromonic liquid crystal phases.Liq Cryst.2011;38:1663–1681.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ichimura K,Fujiwara T,Momose M,Matsunaga D.Surface-assisted photoalignment control of lyotropic liquid crystals. Part 1. Characterisation and photoalignment of aqueous solutions of a water-soluble dye as lyotropic liquid crystals.J Mater Chem.2002;12:3380–3386.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nastishin YA,Liu H,Schneider T,Nazarenko V,Vasyuta R,Shiyanovskii SV,Lavrentovich OD.Optical characterization of the nematic lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals: light absorption, birefringence, and scalar order parameter.Phys Rev E.2005;72:041711.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simon KA,Burton EA,Cheng F,Varghese N,Falcone NE,Wu L,Luk YY.Controlling thread assemblies of pharmaceutical compounds in liquid crystal phase by using functionalized nanotopography.Chem Mater.2010;22:2434–2441.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoon DK,Deb R,Chen D,Körblova E,Shao R,Ishikawa K,Rao NV,Walba DM,Smalyukh II,Clark NA.Organization of the polarization splay modulated smectic liquid crystal phase by topographic confinement.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA.2010;107:21311–21315.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim MH,Kim JD,Fukuta T,Matsuda H.Alignment control of liquid crystals on surface relief gratings.Liq Cryst. 2000;27:1633–1640.
   Google Scholar
• Behdani M,Keshimiri SH,Soria S,Bader MA,Ihlemann J,Marowsky G,Rasing TH.Alignment of liquid crystals with periodic submicron structures ablated in polymeric and indium tin oxide surfaces.Appl Phys Lett.2003;82:2553–2555.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiu CH,Kuo HL,Chen PC,Wen CH,Liu YC,Chen HM.Nanoimprinting-lithography-induced self-aligned liquid crystals for novel multifunctional optical films.Appl Phys Lett.2006;88:073509.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yi Y,Maclannan JE,Clark NA.Cooperative liquid-crystal alignment patterns generated by overlaid topographic patterns.Phys Rev E.2011;83:051708.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park HG,Lee JJ,Dong KY,Oh BY,Kim YH,Jeong HY,Ju BK,Seo DS.Homeotropic alignment of liquid crystals on a nano-patterned polyimide surface using nanoimprint/lithography.Soft Matter.2011;7:5610–5614.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yi Y,Khire V,Bowman CN,Maclennan JE,Clark NA.Organization of liquid crystals on submicron scale topographic patterns with fourfold symmetry prepared by thiol-ene photo-polymerization-based nanoimprint lithography.J Appl Phys.2008;103:093518.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verhoeff AA,Bakelaar IA,Otten RH,van der Schoot P,Lekkerkerker HN.Tactoids of plate-like particles: size, shape, and director field.Langmuir.2011;27:116–125.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaznacheev AV,Bogdanov MM,Sonin AS.The influence of anchoring energy on the prolate shape of tactoids in lyotropic inorganic liquid crystals.J Exp Theor Phys.2003;97:1159–1167.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varghese N,Shetye GS,Bandyopadhyay D,Gobalasingham N,Seo JA,Wang JH,Theiler B,Luk YY.Emulsion of aqueous-based nonspherical droplets in aqueous solutions by single-chain surfactants: templated assembly by nonamphiphilic lyotropic liquid crystals in water.Langmuir.2012;28:10797–10807.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaznacheev AV,Bogdanov MM,Sonin AS.The nature of prolate shape of tactoids in lyotropic inorganic liquid crystals.J Exp Theor Phys.2002;95:57–63.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zocher H,Jacobsohn K.Über Taktosole.Kolloid Beih.1929;28:167.
   Google Scholar
• Puech N,Grelet E,Poulin P,Blanc C,van der Schoot P.Nematic droplets in aqueous dispersions of carbon nanotubes.Phys Rev E.2010;82:020702.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernal JD,Fankuchen I.X-ray and crystallographic studies of plant virus preparations.J Gen Physiol.1941;25: 111–165.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Prinsen P,van der Schoot P.Shape and director-field transformation of tactoids.Phys Rev E.2003;68:021701.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lavrentovich OD.Topological defects in dispersed liquid crystals, or words and worlds around liquid crystal drops.Liq Cryst.1998;24:117–125.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kobayashi M,Sasagawa A,Hoshi T,Okubo J.High-order aggregation of crystal violet in the chromonic lyotropic mesophases of 7,7′-disodiumchromoglycate.Mol Cryst Liq Cryst.1993;225:293–301.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khire VS,Yi Y,Clark NA,Bowman CN.Formation and surface modification of nanopatterned thiol-ene substrates using step and flash imprint lithography.Adv Mater.2008;20:3308–3313.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horowitz VR,Janowitz LA,Modic AL,Heiney PA,Collings PJ.Aggregation behavior and chromonic liquid crystal properties of an anionic monoazo dye.Phys Rev E.2005;72:041710.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartshorne NH,Woodward GD.Mesomorphism in the system disodium chromoglycate-water.Mol Cryst Liq Cryst.1973;23:343–368.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nastishin YA,Liu H,Schneider T,Nazarenko V,Vasyuta R,Shiyanovskii AV,Lavrentovich OD.Optical characterization of the nematic lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals: Light absorption, birefringence, and scalar order parameter.Phys Rev E.2005;72:041711.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuriabova T,Betterton MD,Glaser MA.Linear aggregation and liquid-crystalline order: comparison of Monte Carlo simulation and analytic theory.J Mater Chem.2010;20:10366–10383.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cox JSG,Woodard GD,McCrone WC.Solid-state chemistry of cromolyn sodium (disodium cromoglycate).J Pharm Sci.1971;60:1458–1465.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogers J,Winsor PA.The nature of the striated textures encountered with the middle (M1) and inverse middle (M2) liquid crystalline phases. Relationships between the M1 phase of amphiphiles and the ordered solution phase of tobacco mosaic virus.J Colloid Interface Sci.1969;30:500–510.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rasband WS. ImageJ, U.S. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA [Internet]. 1997–2012 [cited 2011 Feb 18]. Available from: http://imagej.nih.gov/ij/
   Google Scholar
• Rapini A,Papoular M.Distorsion d’une lamelle nématique sous champ magnétique conditions d’ancrage aux parois.J Phys (Paris), Colloq.1969;30:C4–C54.
   Google Scholar
• Zhou S,Nastishin YA,Omelchenko MM,Tortora L,Nazarenko VG,Boiko OP,Ostapenko T,Hu T,Almasan CC,Sprunt SN,Gleeson JT,Lavrentovich OD.Elasticity of lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals probed by director reorientation in a magnetic field.Phys Rev Lett.2012;109:037801.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faetti S,Palleshi V.Molecular orientation and anchoring energy at the nematic-isotropic interface of 7CB.J Phys (France) Lett.1984;45:313–318.
   Google Scholar
• Barbero G,Dozov I,Paliere JF,Dumond G.Order electricity and surface orientation in nematic liquid crystals.Phys Rev Lett.1986;56:2056–2059.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faetti S,Palleshi V.Nematic-isotropic interface of some members of the homologous series of 4-cyano-4′-(n-alkyl)biphenyl liquid crystals.Phys Rev A.1984;30:3241–3251.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar