Low threshold of distributed feedback lasers based on scaffolding morphologic holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal gratings: reduced losses through Forster transfer 

References

• Date M, Takeuchi Y, Kato K. A memory-type holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal (HPDLC) reflective display device. J Phys D: Appl Phys. 1998;31:2225–2230.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsiao VKS, Chang W-T. Optically switchable, polarization-independent holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal (H-PDLC) gratings. Appl Phys B. 2010;100:539–546.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simoni F, Cipparrone G, Mazzulla A, Pagliusi P. Polymer dispersed liquid crystals: effects of photorefractivity and local heating on holographic recording. Chem Phys. 1999;245:429–436.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sio LD, Tabiryan N, Caputo R, Veltri A, Umeton C. POLICRYPS structures as switchable optical phase modulators. Opt Express. 2008;16:7619–7624.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li MS, Wu ST, Fuh AY-G. Superprism phenomenon based on holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal films. Appl Phys Lett. 2006;88:091109.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lucchetta DE, Criante L, Francescangeli O, Simoni F. Light amplification by dye-doped holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystals. Appl Phys Lett. 2004;84:4893–4895.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yablonovitch E. Inhibited spontaneous emission in solid-state physics and electronics. Phys Rev Lett. 1987;58:2059–2062.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jakubiak R, Bunning TJ, Vaia RA, Natarajan LV, Tondiglia PV. Electrically switchable, one-dimensional polymeric resonators from holographic photopolymerization: a new approach for active photonic bandgap materials. Adv Mater. 2003;15:241–244.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jakubiak R, Natarajan LV, Tondiglia V, He GS, Prasad PN, Bunning TJ, Vaia RA. Electrically switchable lasing from pyrromethene 597 embedded holographic-polymer dispersed liquid crystals. Appl Phys Lett. 2004;85:6095–6097.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsiao VKS, Lu C, He GS, Pan M, Cartwright AN, Prasad PN. High contrast switching of distributed-feedback lasing in dye-doped H-PDLC transmission grating structures. Opt Express. 2005;13:3787–3794.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu YJ, Sun XW, Elim HI, Ji W. Effect of liquid crystal concentration on the lasing properties of dye-doped holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystal transmission gratings. Appl Phys Lett. 2007;90:011109.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deng S, Huang W, Liu Y, Diao Z, Peng Z, Yao L, Xuan L. Wavelength tunable properties for distributed feedback lasing from dye-doped holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal transmission grating. Acta Phys Sin. 2012;61:126101.
   Google Scholar
• Huang W, Diao Z, Yao L, Cao Z, Liu Y, Ma J, Xuan L. Electrically tunable distributed feedback laser emission from scaffolding morphologic holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal grating. Appl Phys Express. 2013;6:022702.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lucchetta DE, Criante L, Francescangeli O, Simoni F. Wavelength flipping in laser emission driven by a switchable holographic grating. Appl Phys Lett. 2004;84:837–839.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ye C, Shi L, Wang J, Lo D, Zhu X-G. Simultaneous generation of multiple pairs of transverse electric and transverse magnetic output modes from titania zirconia organically modified silicate distributed feedback waveguide lasers. Appl Phys Lett. 2003;83:4101–4103.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jakubiak R, Tondiglia VP, Natarajan LV, Sutherland RL, Lloyd P, Bunning TJ, Vaia RA. Dynamic lasing from all-organic two-dimensional photonic crystals. Adv Mater. 2005;17:2807–2811.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jakubiak R, Brown DP, Natarajan LV, Tondiglia V, Lloyd P, Sutherland RL, Bunning TJ, Vaia RA. Influence of morphology on the lasing behavior of pyrromethene 597 in a holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal reflection grating. Proc SPIE. 2006;6322:63220A.
   Google Scholar
• Förster T. 10th Spiers memorial lecture transfer mechanisms of electronic excitation. Discuss Faraday Soc. 1959;27:7–17.
   Google Scholar
• May B, Poteau X, Yuan D, Brown RG. A study of a highly efficient resonance energy transfer between 7-N,N-diethylamino-4-me thylcoumarin and 9-butyl-4-butylamino-1,8-na phthalimide. Dyes Pigments. 1999;42:79–84.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta R, Stevenson M, Dogariu A, McGehee MD, Park JY, Srdanov V, Heeger AJ. Low-threshold amplified spontaneous emission in blends of conjugated polymers. Appl Phys Lett. 1998;73:3492–3494.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berggren M, Dodabalapur A, Slusher RE. Stimulated emission and lasing in dye-doped organic thin films with Forster transfer. Appl Phys Lett. 1997;71:2230–2232.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kozlov VG, Bulovic V, Burrows PE, Baldo M, Khalfin VB, Parthasarathy G, Forrest SR. Study of lasing action based on Förster energy transfer in optically pumped organic semiconductor thin films. J Appl Phys. 1998;84:4096–4107.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berggren M, Dodabalapur A, Slusher RE, Bao Z. Light amplification in organic thin films using cascade energy transfer. Nature. 1997;389:466–469.
   Google Scholar
• Gupta R, Stevenson M, Heeger AJ. Low threshold distributed feedback lasers fabricated from blends of conjugated polymers: reduced losses through Förster transfer. J Appl Phys. 2002;92:4874–4877.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang W, Liu Y, Diao Z, Yang C, Yao L, Ma J, Xuan L. Theory and characteristics of holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal transmission grating with scaffolding morphology. Appl Opt. 2012;51:4013–4020.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abbate G, Vita F, Marino A, Tkachenko V, Slussarenko S, Sakhno O, Stumpe J. New generation of holographic gratings based on polymer-LC composites: POLICRYPS and POLIPHEM. Mol Cryst Liq Cryst. 2006;453:1–13.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kretsch KP, Belton C, Lipson S, Blau WJ, Henari FZ. Amplified spontaneous emission and optical gain spectra from stilbenoid and phenylene vinylene derivative model compounds. J Appl Phys. 1999;86:6155–6159.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Förster T. Modern quantum chemistry: action of light and organic molecules. New York (NY): Academic Press; 1965.
   Google Scholar
• Pope M, Swenberg CE. Electronic processes in organic crystals. New York (NY): Oxford University Press; 1982.
   Google Scholar
• McGehee MD, Gupta R, Veenstra S, Miller EK, Dıaz-Garcıa M, Heeger AJ. Amplified spontaneous emission from photopumped films of a conjugated polymer. Phys Rev B. 1998;58:7035–7039.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsutsumi N, Kawahira T, Sakai W. Amplified spontaneous emission and distributed feedback lasing from a conjugated compound in various polymer matrices. Appl Phys Lett. 2003;83:2533–2535.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar