1,820
Views
52
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Invited Article

Development and applications of cholesteric liquid crystals

Pages 653-665 | Received 16 Sep 2014, Published online: 18 Jun 2015

References

  • Gray GW. Molecular structure and the properties of liquid crystals. London (UK): Academic Press; 1962.
  • Gray GW. Preparation, constitution and applications. In: Gray GW, Winsor PA, editors. Liquid crystals and plastic crystals. Vol. 1. Chichester: Ellis Horwood and Wiley; 1974. p. 103–152.
  • Gray GW, Harrison KJ, Nash JA. New family of nematic liquid-crystals for displays. Electron Lett. 1973;9(6):130–131. doi:10.1049/el:19730096.
  • Castles F, Morris SM. Structure and optical properties of chiral nematic liquid crystals. In: Goodby JW, Collings PJ, Kato T, Tschierske C, Gleeson HF, Raynes P, editors. Handbook of liquid crystals. Vol. 3, Part III(15). Weinheim (Germany): Wiley-VCH Verlag & Co KGaA; 2014. p. 493–518.
  • Morris SM, Coles HJ. Chiral nematic liquid crystals and electric, magnetic and mechanical fields. In: Goodby JW, Collings PJ, Kato T, Tschierske C, Gleeson HF, Raynes P, editors. Handbook of liquid crystals. Vol. 3, Part III(16). Weinheim (Germany): Wiley-VCH Verlag & Co KGaA; 2014. p. 521–551.
  • Coates D. Chiral nematic liquid crystal displays. In: Goodby JW, Collings PJ, Kato T, Tschierske C, Gleeson HF, Raynes P, editors. Handbook of liquid Crystals. Vol. 8, Part I(5). Weinheim (Germany): Wiley-VCH Verlag & Co KGaA; 2014. p. 147–173.
  • Reinitzer F. Beiträge zur Kenntniss des Cholesterins. Monatshefte für Chemie. 1888;9:421–441. doi:10.1007/BF01516710.
  • Eliel EL. The reduction of optically active deuteride. J Am Chem Soc. 1949;71(12):3970–3972. doi:10.1021/ja01180a025.
  • Fickett W. Zero-point vibrational contributions to the optical rotatory power of isotopically dissymmetric molecules. J Am Chem Soc. 1952;74(16):4204–4205. doi:10.1021/ja01136a507.
  • Coates D, Gray GW. The synthesis of a cholesterogen with hydrogen-deuterium asymmetry. Mol Cryst Liq Cryst. 1973;24(1–2):163–177. doi:10.1080/15421407308083396.
  • De Vries HI. Rotatory power and other optical properties of certain liquid crystals. Acta Cryst. 1951;4:219–226. doi:10.1107/S0365110X51000751.
  • Lehmann O. Substances with three different liquid states, one isotrope-and two crystalline fluids. Zeitschrift Fur Physikalische Chemie–Stochiometrie Und Verwandtschaftslehre. 1906;56(6):750–766.
  • Gray GW. The mesomorphic behaviour of the fatty esters of cholesterol. J Chem Soc. 1956;3733–3739. doi:10.1039/jr9560003733.
  • Saupe A. On molecular structure and physical properties of thermotropic liquid crystals. Mol Cryst Liq Cryst. 1969;7:59–74. doi:10.1080/15421406908084865.
  • Price FP, Wendorff JH. Transitions in mesophase forming systems. I. Transformation kinetics and pretransition effects in cholesteryl myristate. J Phys Chem. 1971;75(18):2839–2849. doi:10.1021/j100687a022.
  • Chistyakov IG, Guskova LA. Kristallografiya. 1969;14:153.
  • Stumpf F. Thèse de doctorat, Goettingen (Germany); 1911.
  • Coates D, Gray GW. Optical studies of the amorphous liquid-cholesteric liquid crystal transition: the “blue phase”. Phys Lett. 1973;45(2):115–116. doi:10.1016/0375-9601(73)90448-9.
  • Gray GW. Advances in synthesis and the role of molecular geometry in liquid crystallinity. Mol Cryst Liq Cryst. 1969;7:127–151. doi:10.1080/15421406908084868.
  • Coates D, Gray GW. A correlation of optical features of amorphous liquid-cholesteric liquid crystal transitions. Phys Lett. 1975;51(6):335–336. doi:10.1016/0375-9601(75)90634-9.
  • Coates D. [PhD thesis]. University of Hull; 1973.
  • Nishiyama I, Yoshizawa A, Collings PJ, Kikuchi H. Blue phases. In: Goodby JW, Collings PJ, Kato T, Tschierske C, Gleeson HF, Raynes P, editors. Handbook of liquid crystals. Vol. 3, Part IV. Weinheim (Germany): Wiley-VCH Verlag & Co KGaA; 2014. p. 555–620.
  • Le KV, Takezoe H. Blue phase and isotropic displays. In: Goodby JW, Collings PJ, Kato Y, Tschierske C, Gleeson HF, Raynes P, editors. Handbook of liquid crystals. Vol. 8, Part I(10). Weinheim (Germany): Wiley-VCH Verlag & Co KGaA; 2014. p. 303–314.
  • Gray GW, McDonnell DG. New low-melting cholesterogens for electro-optical displays and surface thermography. Electron Lett. 1975;11(23):556–557. doi:10.1049/el:19750425.
  • McDonnell DG. Chapter 5, Critical reports on applied chemistry. In: Gray GW, editor. Thermotropic liquid crystals. Vol. 22. Society of Chemical Industry. Chichester: Wiley; 1987. p. 120–144.
  • Ashford A, Constant J, Kirton J, Raynes EP. Electrooptic performance of a new room-temperature nematic liquid-crystal. Electron Lett. 1973;9(5):118–120. doi:10.1049/el:19730086.
  • Cahn RS, Ingold C, Prelog V. Specification of molecular chirality. Angewandte Chemie-International Edition. 1966;5(4):385–415. doi:10.1002/anie.196603851.
  • Goodby JW. Chirality in liquid-crystals. J Mater Chem. 1991;1(3):307–318. doi:10.1039/jm9910100307.
  • Goodby JW. Optical-activity and ferroelectricity in liquid-crystals. Science. 1986;231(4736):350–355. doi:10.1126/science.231.4736.350.
  • Gray GW, McDonnell DG. Some cholesteric derivatives of S-(+)-4-(2′-Methylbutyl) Phenol. Mol Cryst Liq Cryst. 1978;48(1–2):37–51. doi:10.1080/00268947808083751.
  • Wu S-T, Yang D-K. Reflective liquid crystals displays. New York (NY): John Wiley & Sons; 2001.
  • Gray GW, Goodby JW. Smectic liquid crystals. Glasgow (UK): Leonard Hill; 1984.
  • Gray GW, McDonnell DG. Synthesis and liquid-crystal properties of chiral alkyl-cyano-biphenyls (and alkyl-cyano-p-terphenyls) and of some related chiral compounds derived from biphenyl. Mol Cryst Liq Cryst. 1976;37(1–4):189–211. doi:10.1080/15421407608084356.
  • Greubel W, Wolff U, Kruger H. Electric-field induced texture changes in certain nematic-cho lesteric liquid-crystal mixtures. Mol Cryst Liq Cryst. 1973;24(1–2):103–111. doi:10.1080/15421407308083392.
  • Watson P, Sergan V, Anderson JE, Ruth J, Bos PJ. A study of the dynamics of reflection color, helical axis orientation, and domain size in cholesteric liquid crystal displays. SID Symp Dig Tech Pap. 1998;29(1):905–908. doi:10.1889/1.1833911.
  • Yang D-K, Doane JW. Cholesteric liquid crystal/polymer gel dispersion bistable at zero field. SID Int Symp Dig Tech Pap. 1992;23:759.
  • Doane JW, Yang D-K, Chien L-C Polymer stabilized liquid crystalline light modulating device and material. US Patent 5,691,795. 1995.
  • Lu ZJ, St. John WD, Huang X-Y, Yang D-K, Doane JW. Surface modified reflective cholesteric displays. SID Symp Dig Tech Pap. 1995;26:172–175.
  • Okado M, Hatano T, Hashimoto K. Reflective multicolour display using cholesteric liquid crystals. SID Int Symp Dig Tech Pap. 1997;28:1019–1022.
  • Huang X-Y, Khan A, Davies DJ, Podojil GM, Jones CM, Miller ND, Doane JW Full color reflective cholesteric liquid crystal display. Proc SPIE. 1999;3635:120–126.
  • Buchecker R, Funfschilling J, Schadt M Short pitch LC layer with a temperature independent .lambda.sub.0 and containing a nematic LC doped with plural chiral additives having the same twist sense. US Patent 5,309,265. 1992.
  • May AL, Greenfield S, Goulding MJ, Parri OL Chiral compounds. US Patent 6,723,395. 2002.
  • Wilson MR, Earl DJ. Calculating the helical twisting power of chiral dopants. J Mater Chem. 2001;11(11):2672–2677. doi:10.1039/b103520g.
  • Cook MJ, Wilson MR. Calculation of helical twisting power for liquid crystal chiral dopants. J Chem Phys. 2000;112(3):1560–1564. doi:10.1063/1.480703.
  • Taugerbech A, Booth CJ. Design and synthesis of chiral nematic liquid crystals. In: Goodby JW, Collings PJ, Kato T, Tschierske C, Gleeson HF, Raynes P, editors. Handbook of liquid crystals. Vol. 3, Part III(14). Weinheim (Germany): Wiley-VCH Verlag & Co KGaA; 2014. p. 429–486.
  • Development by Magink Displays and Mitsubishi Electric. [Unpublished work]. 2002–2006.
  • Coates D. Recent advances in tiled cholesteric billboard displays. SID Symp Dig Tech Pap. 2008;39(1):799–802. doi:10.1889/1.3069790.
  • Coates D, Hughes C, Tovi M, Poliakine A. [Unpublished work]. 2014.
  • Ron Arad Studios. 2012, 2013. London. http://www.ronarad.co.uk
  • Kurosaki Y, Kiyota Y, Ikeda K, Tadaki S, Tomita J, Yoshihara T. Improvement of reflectance and contrast ratio of low-power-driving, bendable, color electronic paper using Ch-LCs. SID Symp Dig Tech Pap. 2009;40(1):764–767. doi:10.1889/1.3256900.
  • Stephenson SW, Johnson DM, Kilburn JI, Mi X-D, Rankin CM, Capurso RG. Development of a flexible electronic display using photographic technology. SID Symp Dig Tech Pap. 2004;35(1):774–777. doi:10.1889/1.1821394.
  • Schneider T, Nicholson F, Khan A, Doane JW, Chien L-C. Flexible encapsulated cholesteric LCDs by polymerization induced phase separation. SID Symp Dig Tech Pap. 2005;36(1):1568–1571. doi:10.1889/1.2036311.
  • Khan A, Davies DJ, Ernst T, Marhefka D, Miller N, Montbach E, Pishnyak O, Schneider T, Doane JW. New Flexible Applications for Reflex Display Technology. SID IMD/IDMC Asia Display Dig. 2008;8:167.
  • Khan A. Beyond conventional display applications: cholesteric reflective LCDs. SID Inf Display. 2011;27(2):10–14.
  • Shiyanovskaya I, Barua S, Green S, Khan A, Magyar G, Marhefka D, Miller N, Pishnyak O, Doane JW. Single Substrate Encapsulated Cholesteric LCDs: Coatable, Drapable and Foldable. SID Symp Dig Tech Pap. 2005;36:1560. doi:10.1889/1.2036307.
  • Coates D, Goulding MJ, May A. Cholesteric flakes. US Patent 6,414,092. 2000.
  • Broer DJ, Lub J, Mol GN. Wide-band reflective polarizers from cholesteric polymer networks with a pitch gradient. Nature. 1995;378(6556):467–469. doi:10.1038/378467a0.
  • Coates D, Goulding MJ, Greenfield S, Hanmer JMW, Marden SA, Parri OL. High-performance wide-bandwidth reflective cholesteric polarizers. SID 96 Appl Dig. 1996;A4.3:67–70.
  • Coates D, Goulding MJ, Greenfield S, Hanmer JMW, Marden SA, Parri OL, Verrall M, Ward J. Advances in reflective polarisers, SID Proc of Int. Displ Works. 1996;2:309–312.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.