Orientation of liquid crystal molecules in polydimethylsiloxane micro-channels

References

• De Gennes PG, Prost J. The physics of liquid crystals. Oxford: Clarendon Press; 1993.
   Google Scholar
• Thurston RN, Cheng J, Boyd GD. Mechanically bistable liquid-crystal display structures. IEEE Trans Electron Devices. 1980;27:2069–2080. DOI:10.1109/T-ED.1980.20151.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown CV, Towler MJ, Hui VC, et al.. Numerical analysis of nematic liquid crystal alignment on asymmetric surface grating structures. Liq Cryst. 2000;27:233–242. DOI:10.1080/026782900203038.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim J-H, Yoneya M, Yokoyama H. Tristable nematic liquid-crystal device using micropatterned surface alignment. Nature. 2002;420:159–162. DOI:10.1038/nature01163.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kitson S, Geisow A. Controllable alignment of nematic liquid crystals around microscopic posts: stabilization of multiple states. Appl Phys Lett. 2002;80:3635–3637. DOI:10.1063/1.1478778.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davidson AJ, Mottram NJ. Flexoelectric switching in a bistable nematic device. Phys Rev E. 2002;65:051710. DOI:10.1103/PhysRevE.65.051710.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stalder M, Schadt M. Photoaligned bistable twisted nematic liquid crystal displays. Liq Cryst. 2003;30:285–296. DOI:10.1080/0267829031000071275.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dozov I, Nobili M, Durand G. Fast bistable nematic display using monostable surface switching. Appl Phys Lett. 1997;70::1179-1181. DOI:10.1063/1.118479.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang D-K, West J, Chien L-C, et al.. Control of reflectivity and bistability in displays using cholesteric liquid crystals. J Appl Phys. 1994;76:1331–1333. DOI:10.1063/1.358518.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wells GG, Brown CV. Multistable liquid crystal waveplate. Appl Phys Lett. 2007;91:223506. DOI:10.1063/1.2816400.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sengupta A. Topological constraints in a microfluidic platform. Liq Cryst. 2014;41:290–301. DOI:10.1080/02678292.2013.807939.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsakonas C, Davidson A, Brown CV, et al.. Multistable alignment states in nematic liquid crystal filled wells. Appl Phys Lett. 2007;90:111913. DOI:10.1063/1.2713140.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ladak S, Davidson A, Brown CV, et al. Sidewall control of static azimuthal bistable nematic alignment states. J Phys D: Appl Phys. 2009;42:085114. DOI:10.1088/0022-3727/42/8/085114.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davidson AJ, Brown CV, Mottram NJ, et al. Defect trajectories and domain-wall loop dynamics during two-frequency switching in a bistable azimuthal nematic device. Phys Rev E. 2010;81:051712. DOI:10.1103/PhysRevE.81.051712.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zheng WJ, Huang MH. Use of polydimethylsiloxane thin film as vertical liquid crystal alignment layer. Thin Solid Films. 2012;520:2841–2845. DOI:10.1016/j.tsf.2011.11.016.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim H, Kim YH, Lee S, et al.. Orientation control over bent-core smectic liquid crystal phases. Liq Cryst. 2014;41:328–341. DOI:10.1080/02678292.2013.817618.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knobler CM. A microstamp of approval. Nature. 1994;369:15–16. DOI:10.1038/369015a0.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qin D, Xia Y, Whitesides GM. Rapid prototyping of complex structures with feature sizes larger than 20 μm. Adv Mater. 1996;8:917–919. DOI:10.1002/(ISSN)1521-4095.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeong K-H, Kim J, Lee LP. Biologically inspired artificial compound eyes. Science. 2006;312:557–561. DOI:10.1126/science.1123053.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lien K-Y, Lee W-C, Lei H-Y, et al.. Integrated reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction systems for virus detection. Biosens Bioelectron. 2007;22:1739–1748. DOI:10.1016/j.bios.2006.08.010.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lim J-G, Lee -S-S, Lee K-D. Polymeric arrayed waveguide grating using imprint method incorporating a flexible PDMS stamp. Opt Commun. 2007;272:97–101. DOI:10.1016/j.optcom.2006.11.023.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xia Y, Whitesides GM. Soft lithography. Annu Rev Mater Sci. 1998;28:153–184. DOI:10.1146/annurev.matsci.28.1.153.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee G-D, Bos PJ, Ahn SH, et al. Fast Q-tensor method for modeling the dynamics of defects in a liquid crystal director field. Phys Rev E. 2003;67:041715. DOI:10.1103/PhysRevE.67.041715.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davidson AJ, Mottram NJ. Conformal mapping techniques for the modelling of liquid crystal devices. Euro J Appl Math. 2012;23:99–119. DOI:10.1017/S0956792510000380.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Creagh LT, Kmetz AR. Mechanism of surface alignment in nematic liquid crystals. Mol Cryst. 1973;24:59–68. DOI:10.1080/15421407308083389.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Porte G. Tilted alignment of MBBA induced by short-chain surfactants. J Physique. 1976;37:1245–1252. DOI:10.1051/jphys:0197600370100124500.
   Google Scholar
• Bouchiat MA, Langevin-Cruchon D. Molecular order at the free surface of a nematic liquid crystal from light reflectivity measurements. Phys Lett A. 1971;34:331–332. DOI:10.1016/0375-9601(71)90897-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lau YGJ, Klein S, Newton CJP, et al.. Surface ordering at the air–nematic interface. Part 2. A spectroscopic ellipsometry study of orientational order. Liq Cryst. 2007;34:421–429. DOI:10.1080/02678290601096211.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim J, Chaudhury MK, Owen MJ. Hydrophobic recovery of polydimethylsiloxane elastomer exposed to partial electrical discharge. J Colloid Interface Sci. 2000;226:231–236. DOI:10.1006/jcis.2000.6817.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim J, Chaudhury MK, Owen MJ, et al.. The mechanisms of hydrophobic recovery of polydimethylsiloxane elastomers exposed to partial electrical discharges. J Colloid Interface Sci. 2001;244:200–207. DOI:10.1006/jcis.2001.7909.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Born M, Wolf E. Principles of optics. Oxford: Pergamon Press; 1999.
   Google Scholar