On the twist-bend nematic phase formed directly from the isotropic phase

References

• Reinitzer F. Beiträge zur Kenntniss des Cholesterins. Monatshefte für Chemie (Wein) 1888;9;421-441. Translation: Contributions to the understanding of cholesterol. Liq Cryst. 1989;5:7–18. DOI:10.1080/02678298908026349.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saupe A. Recent results in the field of liquid crystals. Angew Chem Int Ed. 1968;7:97–112. DOI:10.1002/anie.196800971.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedel G. Les états mésomorphe de la matière. Annales de Physique (Paris). 1922;18:273–274.
   Google Scholar
• Dozov I. On the spontaneous symmetry breaking in the mesophases of achiral banana-shaped molecules. Europhys Lett. 2001;56:247–253. DOI:10.1209/epl/i2001-00513-x.
   Google Scholar
• Cestari M, Frezza E, Ferrarini A, et al. Crucial role of molecular curvature for the bend elastic and flexoelectric properties of liquid crystals: mesogenic dimers as a case study. J Mater Chem. 2011;21:12303–12308. DOI:10.1039/c1jm12233a.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer RB. Structural problems in liquid crystal physics, Les Houches Summer School in Theoretical Physics. In: Balian R, Weil G, editors. 1973 Molecular Fluids. New York (NY): Gordon and Breach; 1976. p. 273–373.
   Google Scholar
• Cestari M, Diez-Berart S, Dunmur DA, et al. Phase behavior and properties of the liquid-crystal dimer 1′′,7′′-bis(4-cyanobiphenyl-4′-yl) heptane: A twist-bend nematic liquid crystal. Phys Rev E. 2011;84:031704. DOI:10.1103/PhysRevE.84.031704.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer C, Luckhurst GR, Dozov I. Flexoelectrically driven electroclinic effect in the twist-bend nematic phase of achiral molecules with bent shapes. Phys Rev Lett. 2013;111:067801. DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.067801.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greco C, Luckhurst GR, Ferrarini A. Enantiotopic discrimination and director organization in the twist-bend nematic phase. Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2013;15:14961. DOI:10.1039/c3cp52222a.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen D, Porada JH, Hooper JB, et al. Chiral heliconical ground state of nanoscale pitch in a nematic liquid crystal of achiral molecular dimers. PNAS. 2013;110:15931–15936. DOI:10.1073/pnas.1314654110.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borshch V, Kim Y-K, Xiang J, et al. Nematic twist-bend phase with nanoscale modulation of molecular orientation. Nature Comm. 2013;4:2635. DOI:10.1038/ncomms3635.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greco C, Luckhurst GR, Ferrarini A. Molecular geometry, twist-bend nematic phase and unconventional elasticity: a generalised Maier-Saupe theory. Soft Matter. 2014;10:9318–9323. DOI:10.1039/C4SM02173H.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henderson PA, Imrie CT. Methylene-linked liquid crystal dimers and the twist-bend nematic phase. Liq Cryst. 2011;38:1407–1414. DOI:10.1080/02678292.2011.624368.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adlem K, Čopič M, Luckhurst GR, et al. Chemically induced twist-bend nematic liquid crystals, liquid crystal dimers and negative elastic constants. Phys Rev E. 2013;88:022503. DOI:10.1103/PhysRevE.88.022503.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Imrie CT, Luckhurst GR. Liquid crystal dimers and oligomers. In: Goodby JW, Collings PJ, Kato T, et al., editors. Handbook of liquid crystals. 2nd ed. Vol. 7, part II. Chapter 5. Weinheim (Germany): Wiley-VCH; 2014.
   Google Scholar
• McMillan WL. Simple molecular model for the smectic A phase of liquid crystals. Phys Rev A. 1971;4:1238–1246. DOI:10.1103/PhysRevA.4.1238.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Virga E. Double-well elastic theory for twist-bend nematic phases. Phys Rev E. 2014;89:052502. DOI:10.1103/PhysRevE.89.052502.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shamid SM, Dhakal S, Selinger JV. Statistical mechanics of bend flexoelectricity and the twist-bend phase in bent-core liquid crystals. Phys Rev E. 2013;87:052503. DOI:10.1103/PhysRevE.87.052503.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Šepel M, Lesac A, Baumeister U, et al. Intercalated liquid-crystalline phases formed by symmetric dimers with an α,ω-diiminoalkylene spacer. J Mat Chem. 2007;17:1154–1165. DOI:10.1039/b612517d.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thaker BT, Patel P, Vansadia AD, et al. Synthesis, Characterization, and Mesomorphic Properties of New Liquid-Crystalline Compounds involving Ester–Azomethine Central Linkages, Lateral Substitution, and a Thiazole Ring. Mol Cryst Liq Cryst. 2007;466:13–22. DOI:10.1080/15421400601150379.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hogan JL, Imrie CT, Luckhurst GR. Asymmetric dimeric liquid crystals. The preparation and properties of the α-(4-cyanobiphenyl-4’-oxy)-ω-(4-n –alkylanilinebenzylidene-4’-oxy)hexanes. Liq Cryst. 1988;3:645–650. DOI:10.1080/02678298808086408.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watanabe J, Komura H, Niiori T. Thermotropic liquid crystals of polyesters having a mesogenic 4,4-bibenzoate unit. Smectic mesophase properties and structures in dimeric model compounds. Liq Cryst. 1993;13:455–465. DOI:10.1080/02678299308026317.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tripathi CSP, Losada-Pérez P, Glorieux C, et al. Nematic-nematic phase transition in the liquid crystal dimer CBC9CB and its mixtures with 5CB: A high-resolution adiabatic scanning calorimetric study. Phys Rev E. 2011;84:041707. DOI:10.1103/PhysRevE.84.041707.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emsley JW, editor. Nuclear magnetic resonance of liquid crystals. Dordrecht: Reidel Publishing Company; 1985.
   Google Scholar
• Czarniecka K, Samulski ET. Polypeptide liquid crystals: A deuterium NMR study. Mol Cryst Liq Cryst. 1981;63:205–214. DOI:10.1080/00268948108071996.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meddour A, Canet I, Loewenstein A, et al. Observation of enantiomers, chiral by virtue of isotopic substitution, through deuterium NMR in a polypeptide liquid crystal. J Am Chem Soc. 1994;116:9652–9656. DOI:10.1021/ja00100a033.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merlet D, Loewenstein A, Smadja W, et al. Quantitative description of the facial discrimination of molecules containing a prochiral group by NMR in a chiral liquid crystal. J Am Chem Soc. 1998;120:963–969. DOI:10.1021/ja9726466.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merlet D, Emsley JW, Lesot P, et al. The relationship between molecular symmetry and second-rank orientational order parameters for molecules in chiral liquid crystalline solvents. J Chem Phys. 1999;111:6890–6896. DOI:10.1063/1.479982.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beguin L, Emsley JW, Lelli M, et al. The chirality of a twist-bend nematic phase identified by NMR spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B. 2012;116:7940–7951. DOI:10.1021/jp302705n.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jokisaari JP, Luckhurst GR, Timimi BA, et al. Twist-bend nematic phase of the liquid crystal dimer CB7CB. Orientational order and conical angle determined by 129Xe and 2H NMR spectroscopy. Liq Cryst. 2015;42:708–721.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robles-Hernández B, Sebastián N, De La Fuente MR, et al. Twist, tilt and orientational order at the nematic to twist-bend nematic phase transition of 1ʺ,9ʺ-bis(4-cyanobiphenyl-4ʹ-yl) nonane (CB9CB): a dielectric, 2H NMR and calorimetric study. Phys Rev E. Forthcoming 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Archbold CT, Davis EJ, Mandle RJ, et al. Chiral dopants and the twist-bend nematic phase – induction of novel mesomorphic behaviour in an apolar bimesogen. Soft Matter. 2015;11:7547–7557. DOI:10.1039/C5SM01935D.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar