Influence of the remanent polarisation on the liquid crystal alignment in composite films of ferroelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) and a cyanobiphenyl-based liquid crystal

References

• Fergason JL. Encapsulated liquid crystal and method. United States patent US 4,435,047. 1984 Sep 16.
   Google Scholar
• Drzaic PS. Liquid crystal dispersions. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing; 1995.
   Google Scholar
• Bouteiller L, Le Barny P. Polymer-dispersed liquid crystals: preparation, operation and application. Liq Cryst. 1996;21:157–174. doi:10.1080/02678299608032820.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiersma DS. The physics and applications of random lasers. Nat Phys. 2008;4:359–367. doi:10.1038/nphys971.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kato K, Tanaka K, Tsuru S, et al. Multipage display using stacked polymer-dispersed liquid crystal films. Jpn J Appl Phys. 1993;32:4594–4599. doi:10.1143/JJAP.32.4594.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamaguchi R, Sato S. Highly transparent memory states in polymer dispersed liquid crystal films. Liq Cryst. 1993;14:929–935. doi:10.1080/02678299308027800.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brás ARE, García O, Viciosa MT, et al. Dielectric relaxation studies and electro-optical measurements in poly(triethylene glycol dimethacrylate)/nematic E7 composites exhibiting an anchoring breaking transition. Liq Cryst. 2008;35:429–441. doi:10.1080/02678290801932850.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Filpo G, Huang Z, Chidichimo G, et al. Measurement of the polarization field in PDLC with memory state. Mol Cryst Liq Cryst. 1997;304:71–79. doi:10.1080/10587259708046945.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cupelli D, Nicoletta FP, deFilpo G, et al. Persistence effects and memory states in charged polymer dispersed liquid crystals. Mol Cryst Liq Cryst. 2002;372:255–261. doi:10.1080/10587250127588.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bartolino R, Scaramuzza N, Lucchetta DE, et al. Polarity sensitive electrooptical response in a nematic liquid crystal-polymer mixture. J Appl Phys. 1999;85:2870–2874. doi:10.1063/1.369050.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nalwa HS, editor. Ferroelectric polymers. New York: Marcel Dekker; 1995.
   Google Scholar
• Koda T, Morito Y, Ikeda S. Liquid crystal droplets dispersed in ferroelectric copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and trifluoroethylene. Polym J. 2001;33:475–480. doi:10.1295/polymj.33.475.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koda T, Shimizu T, Imai S, et al. Nematic liquid crystals dispersed in a ferroelectric copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and trifluoroethylene. Jpn J Appl Phys. 2003;42:4426–4430. doi:10.1143/JJAP.42.4426.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ganesan LM, Frübing P, Mellinger A, et al. Dielectric relaxation behaviour of nematic liquid crystals dispersed in poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene). J Phys D: Appl Phys. 2009;42:092006. doi:10.1088/0022-3727/42/9/092006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ganesan LM, Wirges W, Mellinger A, et al. Piezo-optical and electro-optical behaviour of nematic liquid crystals dispersed in a ferroelectric copolymer matrix. J Phys D: Appl Phys. 2010;43:015401. doi:10.1088/0022-3727/43/1/015401.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holländer L, Wirges W, Gerhard R. Remanent alignment of a nematic liquid crystal dispersed in electrically poled poly(vinylidenefluoride-trifluoroethylene). In: Henn F, Devautour-Vinot S, Castellon J, editors. 14th International Symposium on Electrets. Proceedings; 2011 Aug 27–31; Montpellier, France; 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Wegener M. Polarization-electric field hysteresis of ferroelectric PVDF films: comparison of different measurement regimes. Rev Sci Instrum. 2008;79:106103. doi:10.1063/1.2972169.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kossack W, Papadopoulos P, Heinze P, et al. Transition moment orientational analysis on a smectic C liquid crystalline elastomer film. Macromolecules. 2010;43:7532–7539. doi:10.1021/ma101121f.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Socrates G. Infrared characteristic group frequencies. Chichester: Wiley; 1994.
   Google Scholar
• Smith GW, Vaz NA. The relationship between formation kinetics and microdroplet size of epoxy-based polymer-dispersed liquid crystals. Liq Cryst. 1988;3:543–571. doi:10.1080/02678298808086401.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demus D, Goodby J, Gray GW, et al., editors. Fundamentals. Vol.1, handbook of liquid crystals. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH; 1998.
   Google Scholar
• Smith GW, Ventouris GM, West JL. A calorimetric determination of fundamental properties of polymer-dispersed liquid crystals. Mol Cryst Liq Cryst. 1992;213:11–30. doi:10.1080/10587259208028713.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warner M, Terentjev EM. Liquid crystal elastomers. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2003.
   Google Scholar
• Clark T, Chandrasekhar J, Spitznagel GW, et al. Efficient diffuse function-augmented basis sets for anion calculations. III. The 3-21+G basis set for first-row elements, Li-F. J Comput Chem. 1983;4:294–301. doi:10.1002/jcc.540040303.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frisch MJ, Pople JA, Binkley JS. Self-consistent molecular orbital methods 25. Supplementary functions for Gaussian basis sets. J Chem Phys. 1984;80:3265–3269. doi:10.1063/1.447079.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neese F. The ORCA program system Wiley Interdiscip. Rev Comput Mol Sci. 2012;2:73–78. doi:10.1002/wcms.81.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Legrand JF. Structure and ferroelectric properties of P(VDF-TrFE) copolymers. Ferroelectrics. 1989;91:303–317. doi:10.1080/00150198908015747.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pestov SM. Physical properties of liquid crystals. Group VIII Vol. 5. Landolt Börnstein, numerical data and functional relationships in science and technology. New series. Berlin: Springer; 2003.
   Google Scholar
• Kremer F, Schönhals A. Broadband dielectric spectroscopy. Berlin: Springer; 2003.
   Google Scholar
• Cramer C, Cramer T, Kremer F, et al. Measurement of orientational order and mobility of a nematic liquid crystal in random nanometer confinement. J Chem Phys. 1997;106:3730–3742. doi:10.1063/1.473425.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boussoualem M, Ismaili M, Roussel F. Influence of surface anchoring conditions on the dielectric and electro-optical properties of nematic droplets dispersed in a polymer network. Soft Matter. 2014;10:367–373. doi:10.1039/C3SM52573B.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar