Dynamic investigations of liquid crystalline elastomers and their constituents by ²H NMR spectroscopy

References

• Warner M, Terentjev EM. Liquid crystal elastomers. International series of monographs on physics. Vol. 120. Cambridge: Cambridge Press; 2003.
   Google Scholar
• Tajbakhsh A, Terentjev EM. Spontaneous thermal expansion of nematic elastomers. Eur Phys J E. 2001;6:181–188.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skacej G, Zannoni C. Molecular simulations shed light on supersoft elasticity in polydomain liquid crystal elastomers. Macromolecules. 2014;47:8824–8832.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kupfer J, Finkelmann H. Nematic liquid single-crystal elastomers. Makromolecular Chem Rapid Commun. 1991;12:717–726.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohm C, Brehmer M, Zentel R. Liquid crystalline elastomers as actuators and sensors. Adv Mater. 2010;22:3366–3387.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meng H, Li G. A review of stimuli-responsive shape memory polymer composites. Polymer. 2013;54:2199–2221.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greco F, Domenici V, Desii A, et al. Liquid single crystal elastomer/conducting polymer bilayer composite actuator: modelling and experiments. Soft Matt. 2013;47:11405–11416.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ware TH, McConney ME, Wie JJ, et al. Voxelated liquid crystal elastomers. Science. 2015;347:982–984.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Devetak M, Zupancic B, Lebar A, et al. Micropatterning of light-sensitive liquid-crystal elastomers. Phys Rev E. 2009;80:050701.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gregorc M, Li H, Domenici V, et al. Optical properties of light-sensitive liquid-crystal elastomers in the vicinity of the nematic-paranematic phase transition. Phys Rev E. 2013;87:022507.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prijatelj M, Ellabban MA, Fally M, et al. Peculiar behaviour of optical polarization gratings in light-sensitive liquid crystalline elastomers. Opt Mater Express. 2016;6:961–970.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ikeda T, Mamiya J, Yu YL. Photomechanics of liquid-crystalline elastomers and other polymers. Angewandte Chemie-International Ed. 2007;46:506–528.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao Y, Ikeda T. Smart light-responsive materials: azobenzene-containing polymers and liquid crystals. Hoboken: Wiley-Interscience; 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Marshall JE, Gallagher S, Terentjev EM, et al. Anisotropic colloidal micromuscles from liquid crystal elastomers. J Am Chem Soc. 2014;136:474–479.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haberl JM, Sanchez-Ferrer A, Mihut AM, et al. Liquid-crystalline elastomer-nanoparticle hybrids with reversible switch of magnetic memory. Adv Mater. 2013;25:1787–1791.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Domenici V, Zupancic B, Laguta VV, et al. PbTiO3 Nanoparticles embedded in a liquid crystalline elastomer matrix: structural and ordering properties. J Phys Chem C. 2010;114:10782–10789.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Resetic A, Milavec J, Zupancic B, et al. Polymer-dispersed liquid crystal elastomers. Nat Commun. 2016;7:13140.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Domenici V. Nuclear magnetic resonance: a powerful tool to study liquid crystals. Liquid Cryst Today. 2017;26:2–10.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cifelli M, Domenici V, Veracini CA. Recent advancements in understanding thermotropic liquid crystal structure and dynamics by means of NMR spectroscopy. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci. 2013;18:190–200.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cifelli M, Domenici V, Marini A, et al. NMR studies of the ferroelectric SmC* phase. Liq Cryst. 2010;37:935–948.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Domenici V. H-2 NMR studies of liquid crystal elastomers: Macroscopic vs. molecular properties. Prog Nucl Magn Reson Spect. 2012;63:1–32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lebar A, Kutnjak Z, Zumer S, et al. Evidence of supercritical behavior in liquid single crystal elastomers. Phys Rev Lett. 2005;94:197801.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Domenici V, Ambrozic G, Copic M, et al. Interplay between nematic ordering and thermomechanical response in a side-chain liquid single crystal elastomer containing pendant azomesogen units. Polymer. 2009;50:4837–4844.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skacej G, Zannoni C. External field-induced switching in nematic elastomers: a monte carlo study. Eur Phys J E. 2006;20:289–298.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lebar A, Cordoyiannis G, Kutnjak Z, et al. The isotropic-to-nematic conversion in liquid crystalline elastomers. Liquid crystal elastomers: materials and applications. In: De Jeu WH, editor. Book series: advances in polymer science.Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Vol. 250; 2012. p. 147–185.
   Google Scholar
• Milavec J. Network component-resolved NMR study of ordering and dynamics in liquid crystal elastomes [ Ph.D. Thesis]. Ljubljana: Slovenia; 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Domenici V, Zalar B. Paranematic-nematic phase transition in liquid crystalline elastomers: a 2H-NMR study. Phase Trans. 2010;83:1014–1025.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milavec J, Domenici V, Zupancic B, et al. Deuteron NMR resolved mesogen vs. crosslinker molecular order and reorientational exchange in liquid single crystal elastomers. Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2016;18:4071–4077.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Domenici V, Milavec J, Zupančič B, et al. Brief overview on 2H NMR studies of polysiloxane-based side-chain nematic elastomers. Magn Reson Chem. 2014;52:649–655.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Domenici V, Zalar B Marie Curie IntraEuropean Fellowship Report; 27 December 2007.
   Google Scholar
• Domenici V. The role of NMR in the study of partially ordered materials: perspectives and challenges. Pure Appl Chem. 2011;83:67–94.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Domenici V. Order and dynamics of rod-like and banana-shaped liquid crystals by 2H NMR. Pure Appl Chem. 2007;79:21–37.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Domenici V, Geppi M, Veracini CA. NMR in chiral and achiral smectic phases: structure, orientational order and dynamics. Prog Nucl Magn Reson Spectrosc. 2007;50:1–50.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dong RY. Recent NMR studies of thermotropic liquid crystals. In: Webb GA, editor. Annual reports on NMR spectroscopy. Vol. 87. Oxford: Academic Press; 2016. p. 41–174.
   Google Scholar
• Domenici V. Quantitative analysis of H-2 NMR T-1Q, T-1Z and T-2 relaxation times in the SmA phase of a liquid crystal dendrimer. Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2009;11:8496–8506.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frezzato D, Kothe G, Moro GJ. Transverse nuclear spin relaxation due to director fluctuations in liquid crystals a slow-motional theory. J Phys Chem B. 2001;105:1281–1292.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sebastião PJ, Sousa D, Ribeiro AC, et al. Field-cycling NMR relaxometry of a liquid crystal above TNI in mesoscopic confinement. Phys Rev E. 2005;72:061702.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slichter CP. Principles of magnetic resonance. 3rd ed. Berlin, New York: Springer; 1996.
   Google Scholar
• Cowan B. Nuclear magnetic resonance and relaxation. Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press; 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Müller K, Meier P, Kothe G. Multipulse dynamic NMR of liquid crystal polymers. Prog Nucl Magn Reson Spectrosc. 1985;17:211–239.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milavec J, Domenici V, Zalar B. Manuscript in preparation.
   Google Scholar
• Domenici V, Milavec J, Bubnov A, et al. Effect of co-monomers’ relative concentration on self-assembling behaviour of side-chain liquid crystalline elastomers. RSC Adv. 2014;4:44056–44064.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanchez-Ferrer A Photo-active liquid crystalline elastomers [ Ph.D. thesis]. Barcelona: Facultat de Quimiques, Departament de Quimica Organica; 2006.
   Google Scholar
• Resetic A, Milavec J, Domenici V, et al. Thermomechanical and temperature resolved stress-strain study of bimesogenic nematic and smectic a liquid crystal elastomers. Polymer. Submitted paper.
   Google Scholar
• Kleinberg R. Encyclopedia of nuclear magnetic resonance. In: Grant DM, Harris RK, editors. New York (USA): Wiley; 1995.
   Google Scholar
• Luz Z, Meiboom S. Nuclear magnetic resonance study of the protolysis of trimethylammonium ion in aqueous solution order of the reaction with respect to solvent. J Chem Phys. 1963;39:366–370.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Catalano D, Chiezzi L, Domenici V, et al. Study of the ferroelectric liquid crystal 11EB1M7 by means of 2H NMR. J Phys Chem B. 2003;107:10104–10113.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Catalano D, Domenici V, Marini A, et al. Structural and orientational properties of the ferro, antiferroelectric, and re-entrant smectic C* Phases of ZLL7/* by deuterium NMR and other experimental techniques. J Phys Chem B. 2006;110:16459–16470.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Veracini CA. Chapter 5. NMR Spectra in Liquid Crystals. Emsley JW, editor. NATO ASI series, Series C. Dordrecht: Reidel; 1985, p. 141.
   Google Scholar
• Abbandonato G, Catalano D, Domenici V et al. 2H NMR orientational study of a probe dissolved in nematic solution and, used as crosslinker, in a liquid crystalline elastomer. Liq Cryst. 2012;39:165–174.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mukherjee PK. Isotropic to smectic-a phase transition: a review. J Mol Liq. 2014;190:99–111.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bubnov A, Domenici V, Hamplová V, et al. First liquid single crystal elastomer containing lactic acid derivative as chiral co-monomer: synthesis and properties. Polymer. 2011;52:4490–4497.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown DH, Das V, Allen RWK, et al. Monodomain liquid crystal elastomers and elastomeric gels: Improved thermomechanical responses and phase behaviour by addition of low molecular weight LCs. Mater Chem Phys. 2007;104:488–496.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Domenici V, Geppi M, Veracini CA, et al. Dynamics of a ferroelectric liquid crystal by means of 2H NMR spectroscopy: a multifrequencyrelaxation study. Chem Phys Chem. 2004;5:559–563.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar