Accurate modelling of nematic liquid crystal under the combination of microwave signal and applied voltage

References

• Yang F, Sambles J. Determination of the microwave permittivities of nematic liquid crystals using a single-metallic slit technique. Appl Phys Lett. 2002;81(11):2047–2049.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bildik S, Dieter S, Fritzsch C, et al. Reconfigurable folded reflectarray antenna based upon liquid crystal technology. IEEE Trans Antennas Propag. 2015;63(1):122–132.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma S, Yang GH, Erni D, et al. Liquid crystal leaky-wave antennas with dispersion sensitivity enhancement. IEEE Trans Compon Packaging Manuf Technol. 2017;7(5):792–801.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Che BJ, Jin T, Erni D, et al. Electrically controllable composite right/left-handed leaky-wave antenna using liquid crystals in pcb technology. IEEE Trans Compon Packaging Manuf Technol. 2017;7(8):1331–1342.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garbovskiy Y, Zagorodnii V, Krivosik P, et al. Liquid crystal phase shifters at millimeter wave frequencies. J Appl Phys. 2012;111(5):054504.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franc AL, Karabey OH, Rehder G, et al. Compact and broadband millimeter-wave electrically tunable phase shifter combining slow-wave effect with liquid crystal technology. IEEE Trans Microw Theory Tech. 2013;61(11):3905–3915.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jost M, Weickhmann C, Strunck S, et al. Liquid crystal based low-loss phase shifter for w-band frequencies. Electron Lett. 2013;49(23):1460–1462.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perez-Palomino G, Barba M, Encinar JA, et al. Design and demonstration of an electronically scanned reflectarray antenna at 100 ghz using multiresonant cells based on liquid crystals. IEEE Trans Antennas Propag. 2015;63(8):3722–3727.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sala FA, Karpierz MA. Chiral and nonchiral nematic liquid-crystal reorientation induced by inhomogeneous electric fields. Josa B. 2012;29(6):1465–1472.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sala FA, Karpierz MA. Modeling of molecular reorientation and beam propagation in chiral and non-chiral nematic liquid crystals. Opt Express. 2012;20(13):13923–13938.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• James R, Willman E, Fernandez F, et al. Finite-element modeling of liquid-crystal hydrodynamics with a variable degree of order. IEEE Trans Electron Devices. 2006;53(7):1575–1582.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernandez F, Day S, Trwoga P, et al. Three-dimensional modelling of liquid crystal display cells using finite elements. Mol Cryst Liq Cryst. 2002;375(1):291–299.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• James R, Fernandez FA, Day SE, et al. Finite element analysis of a balanced microstrip line filled with nematic liquid crystal. In: Microwave Symposium Digest, 2009. MTT’09. IEEE MTT-S International; IEEE; 2009. p. 133–136. Boston (MA).
   Google Scholar
• James R, Fernandez FA, Day SE, et al. Accurate modeling for wideband characterization of nematic liquid crystals for microwave applications. IEEE Trans Microw Theory Tech. 2009;57(12):3293–3297.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yan H, Liao X. The high power up to 1 w characteristics of the capacitive microwave power sensor with grounded mems beam. IEEE Sens J. 2015;15(12):6765–6766.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuan CW, Peng SR, Shu T, et al. Designs and experiments of a novel radial line slot antenna for high-power microwave application. IEEE Trans Antennas Propag. 2013;61(10):4940–4946.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang C, Liu CL, Liu YS, et al. Nanosecond snapshots of high-power microwave discharge in waveguides. IEEE Trans Plasma Sci. 2015;43(6):1887–1893.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo L, Huang W, Chang C, et al. Studies of a leaky-wave phased array antenna for high-power microwave applications. IEEE Trans Plasma Sci. 2016;44(10):2366–2375.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang DK, Wu ST. Fundamentals of liquid crystal devices. 2nd ed. New York, USA: John Wiley & Sons; 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Khoo IC. Liquid crystals. 2nd ed. New York (NY): John Wiley & Sons; 2007. p. 64.
   Google Scholar
• Assanto G, Karpierz MA. Nematicons: self-localised beams in nematic liquid crystals. Liq Cryst. 2009;36(10–11):1161–1172.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang F, Sambles JR. Determination of the permittivity of nematic liquid crystals in the microwave region. Liq Cryst. 2003;30(5):599–602.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Utsumi Y, Kamei T. Dielectric permittivity measurements of liquid crystal in the microwave and millimeter wave ranges. Mol Cryst Liq Cryst. 2004;409(1):355–370.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar