Increasing the negative dielectric anisotropy of liquid crystals by fluorination of the terminal ethyl chain

References

• H J Y, M H J, I W J, et al. Achieving high light efficiency and fast response time in fringe field switching mode using a liquid crystal with negative dielectric anisotropy. Liq Cryst. 2012;39:1141–1148.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen Y, Luo Z, Peng F, et al. Fringe-field switching with a negative dielectric anisotropy liquid crystal. J Disp Technol. 2013;9:74–77.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reiffenrath V, Krause J, H J P, et al. New liquid-crystalline compounds with negative dielectric anisotropy. Liq Cryst. 1989;5:159–170.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirsch P, Reiffenrath V, Bremer M. Nematic liquid crystals with negative dielectric anisotropy: molecular design and synthesis. Synlett. 1999;1999:389–396.
   Google Scholar
• Klasen M, Bremer M, Tarumi K. New liquid-crystal materials for active matrix displays with negative dielectric anisotropy and low rotational viscosity. Jap J Appl Phys. 2000;39:L1180.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang Y, Lu L, Chen P, et al. Synthesis and properties of allyloxy-based biphenyl liquid crystals with multiple lateral fluoro substituents. Liq Cryst. 2012;39:957–963.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dziaduszek J, Kula P, Dąbrowski R, et al. General synthesis method of alkyl–alkoxy multi-fluorotolanes for negative high birefringence nematic mixtures. Liq Cryst. 2012;39:239–247.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dąbrowski R, Dziaduszek J, Garbat K, et al. Nematic compounds and mixtures with high negative dielectric anisotropy. Liq Cryst. 2017;44:1534–1548.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pauluth D, Tarumi K. Optimization of liquid crystals for television. J Soc Inf Display. 2005;13:693–702.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pytlarczyk M, Herman J, Harmata P, et al. The influence of the dialkylphenyltolane’s difluorosubstitution on mesomorphic and dielectric properties. Liq Cryst. 2018;45:1460–1469.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li JL, Peng ZH, Chen R, et al. Investigation of terminal olefine in the isothiocyanatotolane liquid crystals with alkoxy end group. Liq Cryst. 2018;45:1498–1507.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang KL, Rai P, Fernando A, et al. Synthesis and properties of fluorine tail-terminated cyanobiphenyls and terphenyls for chemoresponsive liquid crystals. Liq Cryst. 2020;47:3–16.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahmed NHS, Saad GR, Naoum MM. Effect of position of the lateral fluoro substituent on the mesophase behaviour of aryl 4-alkoxyphenylazo benzoates in pure and binary mixtures. Liq Cryst. 2018;45:1487–1497.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang XZ, Mo LC, Hu MG, et al. New isothiocyanato liquid crystals containing thieno 3,2-b thiophene central core. Liq Cryst. 2018;45:1294–1302.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ciastek S, Szymanska K, Kaszynski P, et al. Smectic behaviour of methyl 4-alkoxybenzoates with a partially fluorinated alkyl chain. Liq Cryst. 2018;45:11–21.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bremer M, Lietzau L. 1, 1, 6, 7-Tetrafluoroindanes: improved liquid crystals for LCD-TV application. New J Chem. 2005;29:72–74.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bremer M, Kirsch P, Klasen-Memmer M, et al. The TV in your pocket: development of liquid-crystal materials for the new millennium. Angew Chem Int Ed. 2013;52:8880–8896.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gotoh Y. Synthesis and properties of novel negative dielectric liquid crystal compounds with a tetrahydropyran ring. Mol Cryst Liq Cryst. 2011;542:16/[538]-27/[549].
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gotoh Y, Ushioda M. Synthesis and physicochemical properties of novel liquid crystal compounds with negative dielectric anisotropy with a tetrahydropyran ring: part 2. Mol Cryst Liq Cryst. 2014;593:61–77.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Araki K, Yamamoto T, Tanaka R, et al. Stereoselective synthesis and physicochemical properties of liquid-crystal compounds possessing a trans-2,5-disubstituted tetrahydropyran ring with negative dielectric anisotropy. Chem Eur J. 2015;21:2458–2466.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamada S, Tamamoto K, Kida T, et al. Rational design and synthesis of a novel laterally-tetrafluorinated tricyclic mesogen with large negative dielectric anisotropy. Org Biomol Chem. 2017;15:9442–9454.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamada S, Hashishita S, Asai T, et al. Design, synthesis and evaluation of new fluorinated liquid crystals bearing a CF2CF2 fragment with negative dielectric anisotropy. Org Biomol Chem. 2017;15:1495–1509.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirsch P, Bremer M. Understanding fluorine effects in liquid crystals. ChemPhysChem. 2010;11:357–360.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirsch P. Fluorine in liquid crystal design for display applications. J Fluorine Chem. 2015;177:29–36.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Briggs CRS, O’Hagan D, H S R, et al. Solid state and theoretical evaluation of β-fluoroethyl esters indicate a fluorine-ester gauche effect. J Fluorine Chem. 2004;125:19–25.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunter L. The C–F bond as a conformational tool in organic and biological chemistry. Beilstein J Org Chem. 2010;6:38.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frisch MJ, Trucks GW, Schlegel HB, et al. Gaussian 09 (Revision D.01). Gaussian, Inc. Wallingford(CT): Gaussian, Inc; 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Abberley JP, Jansze SM, Walker R, et al. Structure-property relationships in twist-bend nematogens: the influence of terminal groups. Liq Cryst. 2017;44:68–83.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paterson DA, Gao M, Kim YK, et al. Understanding the twist-bend nematic phase: the characterisation of 1-(4-cyanobiphenyl-4 ‘-yloxy)-6-(4-cyanobiphenyl-4 ‘-yl)hexane (CB6OCB) and comparison with CB7CB. Soft Matter. 2016;12:6827–6840.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar