The effect of partially fluorinated chain length on the mesomorphic properties of chiral 2’,3’-difluoroterphenylates

References

• D’Havé K, Dahlgren A, Rudquist P, et al. Antiferroelectric liquid crystals with 45° tilt – a new class of promising electro-optic materials. Ferroelectrics. 2000;244:115–128.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dąbrowski R. Liquid crystals with fluorinated terminal chains and antiferroelectric properties. Ferroelectrics. 2000;243(1):1–18.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dąbrowski R, Drzewiński W, Dziaduszek J, et al. Orthoconic antiferroelectric liquid crystals containing biphenyl, terphenyl, or naphthyl mesogenic unit. Opto-Electron Rev. 2007;15(1):32–36.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rudquist P. Orthoconic antiferroelectric liquid crystals. Liq Cryst. 2013;40(12):1678–1697.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dąbrowski R, Gąsowska J, Otón J, et al. High tilted antiferroelectric liquid crystalline materials. Displays. 2004;25:9–19.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D’have K, Rudquist P, Lagerwall ST, et al. Solution of the dark state problem in antiferroelectric liquid crystal displays. Appl Phys Lett. 2000;76(24):3528–3530.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bennis N, Dabrowski R, Rejmer W, et al. Influence of a helical pitch on orthoconic antiferroelectric liquid crystals performance. Opto-Electron Rev. 2011;19(1):71–75.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kula P, Herman J, Perkowski P, et al. On the influence of the chiral side linking bridge type upon the synclinic vs anticlinic balance in the case of 2,3-difluoroterphenyl derivatives. Liq Cryst. 2013;40(2):256–266.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herman J, Dmochowska E, Pytlarczyk M, et al. Synthesis and mesomorphism of tetrafluoro substituted 4-cyano oligophenyls. Liq Cryst. 2019;46(11):1666–1671.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kula P, Spadło A, Dziaduszek J, et al. Mesomorphic, dielectric, and optical properties of fluorosubstituted biphenyls, terphenyls, and quaterphenyls. Opto Electron Rev. 2008;16(4):379–385.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gray GW, Hird M, Toyne KJ. The synthesis of several lateral difluoro-substituted 4,4“-dialkyl- and 4,4“-alkoxyalkyl-terphenyls and a rationalisation of the effect of such substitution on mesophase type and transition temperatures. Mol Cryst Liq Cryst. 1991;204:43–64.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee TH, Chen JT, Hsu CS. Synthesis of cyclopentyloxy terphenyl liquid crystals with negative dielectric anisotropy. Liq Cryst. 2015;42(1):104–112.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pytlarczyk M, Kula P. Synthesis and mesomorphic properties of 4,4”-dialkynyl-2ʹ,3ʹ-difluoro-p-terphenyls –the influence of C≡C acetylene linking bridge. Liq Cryst. 2018;46(4):1–11.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee TH, Hsu CS. Synthesis of fluorinated terphenyl liquid crystals with 3-propylcyclopentane end group. Liq Cryst. 2014;41(9):1235–1245.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song KG, Li J, Li JL, et al. New terphenyl liquid crystals terminated by 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropenyl group. Liq Cryst. 2017;44(11):1646–1652.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinha D, Mandal PK, Dabrowski R. Structural, optical and dynamical properties of a high birefringence laterally fluorinated terphenyl isothiocyanate. Phase Transit. 2015;88(2):153–168.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wąchała A, Pytlarczyk M, Kula P. On the balance between nematic and smectic phases in 2ʹ,3ʹ-difluoro-4,4”-dialkyl-p-terphenyls. Liq Cryst. 2019;46(10):1558–1567.
   Google Scholar
• Kula P, Herman J, Chojnowska O. Synthesis and properties of terphenyl- and quaterphenyl-based chiral diesters. Liq Cryst. 2013;40(1):83–90.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gray GW, Mcdonnell DG. Synthesis and liquid-crystal properties of chiral alkyl-cyano-biphenyls (and Alkyl-Cyano-P-Terphenyls) and of some related chiral compounds derived from biphenyl. Mol Cryst Liq Cryst. 1976;37(1–4):189–211.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Novotna V, Hamplova V, Sasnouski G, et al. Lactic acid derivatives with terphenyl molecular core. Liq Cryst. 2016;43(9):1251–1258.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loseva M, Chernova N, Vorflusev V, et al. Synthesis and physical properties of novel terphenyl type ferroelectric liquid crystals. Mol Cryst Liq Crys A. 1995;260:261–267. .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chernova N, Loseva M, Pozhidaev E, et al. Synthesis and ferroelectric properties of some chiral dopants with a terphenyl central core. Ferroelectrics. 1993;138(1–4):95–101.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kula P, Dąbrowski R, Kenig K, et al. New antiferroelectric compounds from chiral terphenyls. Ferroelectrics. 2006;343:19–26.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kula P, Dąbrowski R, Tykarska M, et al. Orthoconic antiferroelectric liquid crystals containing a terphenyl rigid core. Phase Transit. 2007;80:771–780.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dąbrowski R, Dziaduszek J, Ziółek A, et al. Low viscosity, high birefringence liquid crystalline compounds and mixtures. Opto-Electron Rev. 2007;15:47–51.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borshch V, Kim YK, Xiang J, et al. Nematic twist-bend phase with nanoscale modulation of molecular orientation. Nat Commun. 2013;4:2635.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mandle RJ, Stevens MP, Goodby JW. Developments in liquid-crystalline dimers and oligomers. Liq Cryst. 2017;44(12–13):2046–2059.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Panov VP, Vij JK, Mehl GH. Twist-bend nematic phase in cyanobiphenyls and difluoroterphenyls bimesogens. Liq Cryst. 2017;44(1):147–159.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou D, Chen YW, Chen L, et al. Effects of substitution and terminal groups for liquid-crystallinity enhanced luminescence of disubstituted polyacetylenes carrying chromophoric terphenyl pendants. Sci China Chem. 2010;53(6):1302–1315.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oriol L, Pinol M, Serrano JL, et al. Synthesis and characterization of reactive liquid crystals and polymers based on terphenyl derivatives. Polymer. 2001;42(7):2737–2744.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li J, Zhao N, Li Y, et al. Mesomorphism behavior of two series of chiral compounds with semiperfluorocarbon chains. Mol Cryst Liq Cryst. 2012;562(1):123–132.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang Y, Li H, Wen J. The effect of a single atom in the terminal position of a fluorocarbon chain on liquid crystalline properties. Liq Cryst. 2007;34(10):1167–1174.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drzewiński W, Dąbrowski R, Czupryński K. Orthoconic antiferroelectrics. Synthesis and mesomorphic properties of optically active (S)-(+)-4-(1-methylheptyloxycarbonyl) phenyl-4 -(fluoroalkanoyloxyalkoxy)biphenyl-4-carboxylates and 4 -(alkanoyloxyalkoxy)- biphenyl-4-carboxylates. Pol J Chem. 2002;76:273–284.
   Google Scholar
• Gąsowska J Chiral and achiral high tilted synclinic and anticlinic smectics. PhD Thesis. Military University of Technology. 2004.
   Google Scholar
• Jin G, Guo Y, Li B, et al. Liquid crystalline behaviours of some 3-perfluoroalkylbenzoate esters. Liq Cryst. 2019;46(4):594–597.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Novotná V, Stulov S, Hamplová V, et al. New smectogens with (S)-2-methylbutyl lactate group in the terminal chain and chlorinesubstituted molecular core. Liq Cryst. 2019;46(7):1035–1042.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dierking I. Chiral liquid crystals: structures, phases, effects. Symmetry. 2014;6:444–472.
   Google Scholar
• Salamończyk M, Vaupotič N, Pociecha D, et al. Multi-level chirality in liquid crystals formed by achiral molecules. Nat Commun. 2019;10:1922.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tschierske C. Mirror symmetry breaking in liquids and liquid crystals. Liq Cryst. 2018;45(13–15):2221–2252.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lagerwall ST. Ferroelectric and Antiferroelectric Liquid Crystals. Wiley-Vch Verlag GmbH; 1999.
   Google Scholar