Electrically driven structures in bent-core nematics

References

• Takezoe H, Takanishi Y. Bent-core liquid crystals: their mysterious and attractive world. Jpn J Appl Phys. 2006;45(2A):597–625.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu FC, Yu LJ. Mesophases of achiral bent molecules. Chem Mater. 2006;18(23):5410–5420.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jákli A, Lavrentovich OD, Selinger JV. Physics of liquid crystals of bent-shaped molecules. Rev Mod Phys. 2018;90(4):045004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niori T, Sekine T, Watanabe J, et al. Distinct ferroelectric smectic liquid crystals consisting of banana shaped achiral molecules. J Mater Chem. 1996;6(7):1231–1233.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jákli A. Liquid crystals of the twenty-first century – nematic phase of bent-core molecules. Liq Cryst Rev. 2013;1(1):65–82.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gleeson HF, Kaur S, Görtz V, et al. The nematic phases of bent-core liquid crystals. ChemPhysChem. 2014;15(7):1251–1260.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vita F, Adamo FC, Francescangeli O. Polar order in bent-core nematics: an overview. J Mol Liq. 2018;267:564–573.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bailey CA, Fodor-Csorba K, Gleeson JT, et al. Rheological properties of bent-core liquid crystals. Soft Matter. 2009;5(19):3618.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sathyanarayana P, Mathew M, Li Q, et al. Splay bend elasticity of a bent-core nematic liquid crystal. Phys Rev E. 2010;81(1):010702(R).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Majumdar M, Salamon P, Jákli A, et al. Elastic constants and orientational viscosities of a bent-core nematic liquid crystal. Phys Rev E. 2011;83(3):031701.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sathyanarayana P, Jampani VSR, Skarabot M, et al. Viscoelasticity of ambient-temperature nematic binary mixtures of bent-core and rodlike molecules. Phys Rev E. 2012;85(1):011702.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salamon P, Éber N, Buka Á, et al. Dielectric properties of mixtures of a bent-core and a calamitic liquid crystal. Phys Rev E. 2010;81(3):031711.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tadapatri P, Krishnamurthy KS, Weissflog W. Multiple electroconvection scenarios in a bent-core nematic liquid crystal. Phys Rev E. 2010;82(3):31706.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harden J, Mbanga B, Éber N, et al. Giant flexoelectricity of bent-core nematic liquid crystals. Phys Rev Lett. 2006;97(15):157802.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stojadinovic S, Adorjan A, Sprunt SN, et al. Dynamics of the nematic phase of a bent-core liquid crystal. Phys Rev E. 2002;66(6):060701(R.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Domenici V, Veracini CA, Zalar B. How do banana-shaped molecules get oriented (if they do) in the magnetic field? Soft Matter. 2005;1(6):408–411.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chakraborty S, Gleeson JT, Jákli A, et al. A comparison of short-range molecular order in bent-core and rod-like nematic liquid crystals. Soft Matter. 2013;9(6):1817–1824.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hong SH, Verduzco R, Gleeson JT, et al. Nanostructures of liquid crystal phases in mixtures of bent-core and rod-shaped molecules. Phys Rev E. 2011;83(6):061702.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang C, Gao M, Diorio NJ, et al. Direct observation of smectic layers in thermotropic liquid crystals. Phys Rev Lett. 2012;109(10):107802.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freiser MJ. Ordered states of a nematic liquid. Phys Rev Lett. 1970;24(19):1041–1043.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu LJ, Saupe A. Observation of a biaxial nematic phase in potassium laurate-1-decanol-water mixtures. Phys Rev Lett. 1980;45(12):1000–1004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dozov I. On the spontaneous symmetry breaking in the mesophases of achiral banana-shaped molecules. Europhys Lett. 2001;56(2):247–253.
   Google Scholar
• Borshch V, Kim YK, Xiang J, et al. Nematic twist-bend phase with nanoscale modulation of molecular orientation. Nat Commun. 2013;4(1):2635.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen D, Porada JH, Hooper JB, et al. Chiral heliconical ground state of nanoscale pitch in a nematic liquid crystal of achiral molecular dimers. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2013;110(40):15931–15936.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elamain O, Hegde G, Komitov L. Polar flexoelectric in-plane and out-of-plane switching in bent core nematic mixtures. Jpn J Appl Phys. 2016;55(7):71701.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tadapatri P, Krishnamurthy KS. Competing instability modes in an electrically driven bent-core nematic liquid crystal. J Phys Chem B. 2012;116(2):782–793.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin Y-C, Wu P-C, Lee W. Frequency-modulated textural formation and optical properties of a binary rod-like/bent-core cholesteric liquid crystal. Photonics Res. 2019;7(11):1258–1265.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Éber N, Salamon P, Buka Á. Electrically induced patterns in nematics and how to avoid them. Liq Cryst Rev. 2016;4(2):101–134.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buka Á, Éber N, Pesch W, et al. Convective patterns in liquid crystals driven by electric field. In: Golovin AA, Nepomnyashchy AA, editors. Self-Assembly, Pattern Formation and Growth Phenomena in Nano-Systems. Dordrecht: Springer; 2006. (NATO Science Series II, Mathematica, Physics and Chemistry, Vol. 218). pp. 55–82.
   Google Scholar
• Bodenschatz E, Zimmermann W, Kramer L. On electrically driven pattern forming instabilities in planar nematics. J Phys (Paris). 1988;49(11):1875–1899.
   Google Scholar
• Huh J-H, Hidaka Y, Yusril Y, et al. Prewavy pattern: a director-modulation structure in nematic liquid crystals. Mol Cryst Liq Cryst. 2001;364(1):111–122.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krekhov A, Pesch W, Buka Á. Flexoelectricity and pattern formation in nematic liquid crystals. Phys Rev E. 2011;83(5):051706.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weissflog W, Sokolowski S, Dehne H, et al. Chiral ordering in the nematic and an optically isotropic mesophase of bent-core mesogens with a halogen substituent at the central core. Liq Cryst. 2004;31(7):923–933.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pelzl G, Eremin A, Diele S, et al. Spontaneous chiral ordering in the nematic phase of an achiral banana-shaped compound. J Mater Chem. 2002;12(9):2591–2593.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kovalenko L, Schröder MW, Amaranatha Reddy R, et al. Unusual mesomorphic behaviour of new bent-core mesogens derived from 4-cyanoresorcinol. Liq Cryst. 2005;32(7):857–865.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tamba MG, Kosata B, Pelz K, et al. Mesogenic dimers composed of a calamitic and a bent-core mesogenic unit. Soft Matter. 2006;2(1):60–65.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le KV, Mathews M, Chambers M, et al. Electro-optic technique to study biaxiality of liquid crystals with positive dielectric anisotropy: the case of a bent-core material. Phys Rev E. 2009;79(3):030701(R.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mandle RJ, Davis EJ, Archbold CT, et al. Microscopy studies of the nematic N TB phase of 1,11-di-(1′′-cyanobiphenyl-4-yl)undecane. J Mater Chem C. 2014;2(3):556–566.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Panov VP, Varney MCM, Smalyukh I, et al. Hierarchy of periodic patterns in the twist-bend nematic phase of mesogenic dimers. Mol Cryst Liq Cryst. 2015;611(1):180–185.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaupotič N, Ali M, Majewski PW, et al. Polarization Gratings Spontaneously Formed from a Helical Twist-Bend Nematic Phase. Chem Phys Chem. 2018;19(19):2566–2571.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• You R, Paterson DA, Storey JMD, et al. Formation of periodic zigzag patterns in the twist-bend nematic liquid crystal phase by surface treatment. Liq Cryst. 2017;44:168–176.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Panov VP, Balachandran R, Vij JK, et al. Field-induced periodic chiral pattern in the Nx phase of achiral bimesogens. Appl Phys Lett. 2012;101(23):234106.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Panov VP, Nagaraj M, Vij JK, et al. Spontaneous periodic deformations in nonchiral planar-aligned bimesogens with a nematic-nematic transition and a negative elastic constant. Phys Rev Lett. 2010;105(16):167801.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Challa PK, Borshch V, Parri O, et al. Twist-bend nematic liquid crystals in high magnetic fields. Phys Rev E. 2014;89(6):060501(R.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Almeida RRR, Zhang C, Parri O, et al. Nanostructure and dielectric properties of a twist-bend nematic liquid crystal mixture. Liq Cryst. 2014;41(11):1661–1667.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Panov VP, Vij JK, Balachandran R, et al. Properties of the self-deforming Ntb phase in mesogenic dimers. Liquid Crystals XVII, Edited Khoo IC, Proc SPIE. 2013;8828:88280X.
   Google Scholar
• Panov VP, Balachandran R, Nagaraj M, et al. Microsecond linear optical response in the unusual nematic phase of achiral bimesogens. Appl Phys Lett. 2011;99(26):261903.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sreenilayam SP, Panov VP, Vij JK, et al. The NTB phase in an achiral asymmetrical bent-core liquid crystal terminated with symmetric alkyl chains. Liq Cryst. 2017;44:244–253.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiant DB, Gleeson JT, Éber N, et al. Non-standard electroconvection in a bent core nematic. Phys Rev E. 2005;72(4):041712.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jákli A, Chambers M, Harden J, et al. Extraordinary properties of nematic phases of bent-core liquid crystals. In: Proceedings of Emerging Liquid Crystal Technologies III, San Jose, January 20-24, 2008, Proc. SPIE 2008;6911:691105.
   Google Scholar
• Buka Á, Éber N, Fodor-Csorba K, et al. Physical properties of a bent-core nematic liquid crystal and its mixtures with calamitic molecules. Phase Transitions. 2012;85(10):872–887.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanaka S, Takezoe H, Éber N, et al. Electroconvection in nematic mixtures of bent-core and calamitic molecules. Phys Rev E. 2009;80(2):021702.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jákli A Private communication.
   Google Scholar
• Tanaka S, Dhara S, Sadashiva BK, et al. Alternating twist structures formed by electroconvection in the nematic phase of an achiral bent-core molecule. Phys Rev E. 2008;77(4):041708.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tadapatri P, Hiramath US, Yelamaggad CV, et al. Patterned electroconvective states in a bent-core nematic liquid crystal. J Phys Chem B. 2010;114(1):10–21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiang Y, Goodby JW, Görtz V, et al. Revealing the uniaxial to biaxial nematic liquid crystal phase transition via distinctive electroconvection. Appl Phys Lett. 2009;94(19):193507.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiang Y, Liu Y, Buka Á, et al. Electric-field-induced patterns and their temperature dependence in a bent-core liquid crystal. Phys Rev E. 2014;89(1):012502.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiang Y, Zhou M, Xu M, et al. Unusual polarity-dependent patterns in a bent-core nematic liquid crystal under low-frequency ac field. Phys Rev E. 2015;91(4):042501.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Éber N, Xiang Y, Buka Á. Bent core nematics as optical gratings. J Mol Liq. 2018;267:436–444.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tamba M-G, Weissflog W, Eremin A, et al. Electro-optic characterization of a nematic phase formed by bent core mesogens. Eur Phys J E. 2007;22(1):85–95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stannarius R, Eremin A, Tamba M-G, et al. Field-induced texture transitions in a bent-core nematic liquid crystal. Phys Rev E. 2007;76(6):061704.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stannarius R, Heuer J. Electroconvection in nematics above the splay Fréedericksz transition. Eur Phys J E. 2007;24(1):27–33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heuer J, Stannarius R, Tamba M-G, et al. Longitudinal and normal electroconvection rolls in a nematic liquid crystal with positive dielectric and negative conductivity anisotropy. Phys Rev E. 2008;77(5):056206.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar P, Hiremath US, Yelamaggad CV, et al. Electroconvection in a homeotropic bent-rod nematic liquid crystal beyond the dielectric inversion frequency. J Phys Chem B. 2008;112(32):9753–9760.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar P, Hiremath US, Yelamaggad CV, et al. Drifting periodic structures in a degenerate-planar bent-rod nematic liquid crystal beyond the dielectric inversion frequency. J Phys Chem B. 2008;112(31):L9270.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elamain O, Hegde G, Fodor-Csorba K, et al. Field-induced optically isotropic state in bent core nematic liquid crystals: unambiguous proof of field-induced optical biaxiality. J Phys D: Appl Phys. 2013;46(45):455101.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krishnamurthy KS, Kumar P, Kumar MV. Polarity-sensitive transient patterned state in a twisted nematic liquid crystal driven by very low frequency fields. Phys Rev E. 2013;87(2):022504.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krishnamurthy KS. Spatiotemporal character of the Bobylev-Pikin flexoelectric instability in a twisted nematic bent-core liquid crystal exposed to very low frequency fields. Phys Rev E. 2014;89(5):052508.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elamain O, Hegde G, Komitov L. Periodic pattern formation in an achiral bent core nematic. AIP Adv. 2018;8(9):095227.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dennin M, Ahlers G, Cannell DS. Chaotic localized states near the onset of electroconvection. Phys Rev Lett. 1996;77(12):2475–2478.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar P, Krishnamurthy KS. Competing modes of instability in an electrically driven nematic liquid crystal with a small positive dielectric anisotropy. Phys Rev E. 2006;74(3):031705.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krishnamurthy KS, Palakurthy NB, Yelamaggad CV. Confined electroconvective and flexoelectric instabilities deep in the Freedericksz state of nematic CB7CB. J Phys Chem B. 2017;121(21):5447.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vistin’ LK. Electrostructural effect and optical properties of a certain class of liquid crystals and their binary mixtures. Sov Phys Crystallogr. 1970;15:514. [Kristallografiya 1970;15:594(in Russian)].
   Google Scholar
• Vistin’ LK. New electrostructural effect in liquid crystals of nematic type. Sov Phys Dokl. 1971;15:908. [Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 1970;194:1318(in Russian)].
   Google Scholar
• Barnik MI, Blinov LM, Trufanov AN, et al. Flexoelectric domains in nematic liquid crystals. Sov Phys JETP. 1977;46:1016. [Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 1977;73:1936 (in Russian)].
   Google Scholar
• Barnik MI, Blinov LM, Trufanov AN, et al. Flexo-electric domains in liquid crystals. J Phys (France). 1978;39(4):417.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bobylev YP, Pikin SA. Threshold piezoelectric instability in a liquid crystal. Sov Phys JETP. 1977;45:195. [Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 1977;72:369(in Russian)].
   Google Scholar
• Pesch W, Krekhov A, Éber N, et al. Nonlinear analysis of flexodomains in nematic liquid crystals. Phys Rev E. 2018;98(3):032702.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buka Á, Éber N, editors. Flexoelectricity in Liquid Crystals. Theory, Experiments and Applications. London: Imperial College Press; 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Jákli A, Harden J, Éber N. Chapter 3. Flexoelectricity of bent-core molecules. In: Buka Á, Éber N, editors. Flexoelectricity in Liquid Crystals. Theory, Experiments and Applications. London: Imperial College Press; 2012. p. 61–99.
   Google Scholar
• Madhusudana NV. Chapter 2. Flexoelectro-optics and measurements of flexocoefficients. In: Buka Á, Éber N, editors. Flexoelectricity in Liquid Crystals. Theory, Experiments and Applications. London: Imperial College Press; 2012. p. 33–60.
   Google Scholar
• Ferrarini A, Greco C, Luckhurst GR. On the flexoelectric coefficients of liquid crystal monomers and dimers: a computational methodology bridging length-scales. J Mater Chem. 2007;17(11):1039–1042.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le KV, Araoka F, Fodor-Csorba K, et al. Flexoelectric effect in a bent-core mesogen. Liq Cryst. 2009;36(10–11):1119–1124.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kundu B, Roy A, Pratibha R, et al. Flexoelectric studies on mixtures of compounds made of rodlike and bent-core molecules. Appl Phys Lett. 2009;95(8):81902.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar P, Marinov YG, Hinov HP, et al. Converse flexoelectric effect in bent-core nematic liquid crystals. J Phys Chem B. 2009;113(27):9168.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cestari M, Frezza E, Ferrarini A, et al. Crucial role of molecular curvature for the bend elastic and flexoelectric properties of liquid crystals: mesogenic dimers as a case study. J Mater Chem. 2011;21(33):12303–12308.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee J-H, Yoon T-H, Choi E-J. Flexoelectric effect of a rod-like nematic liquid crystal doped with highly-kinked bent-core molecules for energy converting components. Soft Matter. 2012;8(8):2370–2374.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sathyanarayana P, Dhara S. Antagonistic flexoelectric response in liquid crystal mixtures of bent-core and rodlike molecules. Phys Rev E. 2013;87(1):12506.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaur S, Panov VP, Greco C, et al. Flexoelectricity in an oxadiazole bent-core nematic liquid crystal. Appl Phys Lett. 2014;105(22):223505.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sreenilayam SP, Panarin YP, Vij JK, et al. Flexoelectric polarization studies in bent-core nematic liquid crystals. Phys Rev E. 2015;92(2):022502.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee D-J, Choi J-C, Park M-K, et al. Optical measurement of flexoelectric polarization change in liquid crystals doped with bent-core molecules using hybrid-aligned structure. Liq Cryst. 2017;44(8):1321–1331.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rudquist P, Lagerwall ST. Chapter 7. Applications of Flexoelectricity. In: Buka Á, Éber N, editors. Flexoelectricity in Liquid Crystals. Theory, Experiments and Applications. London: Imperial College Press; 2012. p. 211–247.
   Google Scholar
• Blatch AE, Coles MJ, Musgrave BB, et al. Flexoelectric liquid crystal bimesogens. Mol Cryst Liq Cryst. 2003;401(1):47–55.
   Google Scholar
• Coles HJ, Clarke MJ, Morris SM, et al. Strong flexoelectric behavior in bimesogenic liquid crystals. J Appl Phys. 2006;99(3):34104.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aziz N, Kelly SM, Duffy W, et al. Banana-shaped dopants for flexoelectric nematic mixtures. Liq Cryst. 2008;35(11):1279–1292.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salter PS, Tschierske C, Elston SJ, et al. Flexoelectric measurements of a bent-core nematic liquid crystal. Phys Rev E. 2011;84(3):031708.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atkinson KL, Morris SM, Castles F, et al. Flexoelectric and elastic coefficients of odd and even homologous bimesogens. Phys Rev E. 2012;85(1):11701.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atkinson KL, Morris SM, Qasim MM, et al. Increasing the flexoelastic ratio of liquid crystals using highly fluorinated ester-linked bimesogens. Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2012;14(47):16377–16385.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balachandran R, Panov VP, Vij JK, et al. Effect of cybotactic clusters on the elastic and flexoelectric properties of bent-core liquid crystals belonging to the same homologous series. Phys Rev E. 2013;88(3):32503.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balachandran R, Panov VP, Panarin YP, et al. Flexoelectric behavior of a bimesogenic liquid crystal. Mol Cryst Liq Cryst. 2015;611(1):65–70.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varanytsia A, Chien L-C. Bimesogen-enhanced flexoelectro-optic behavior of polymer stabilized cholesteric liquid crystal. J Appl Phys. 2016;119(1):014502.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer C, Luckhurst GR, Dozov I. Flexoelectrically driven electroclinic effect in the twist-bend nematic phase of achiral molecules with bent shapes. Phys Rev Lett. 2013;111(6):067801.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varanytsia A, Chien L-C. Giant flexoelectro-optic effect with liquid crystal dimer CB7CB. Sci Rep. 2017;7:41333.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castles F, Morris SM, Coles HJ. The limits of flexoelectricity in liquid crystals. AIP Adv. 2011;1(3):32120. Sci. Reports 2017;7:41333.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palffy-Muhoray P. Comment on “The limits of flexoelectricity in liquid crystals” [AIP Advances1, 032120 (2011)]. AIP Adv. 2013;3(1):019101.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castles F, Morris SM, Coles HJ. Response to “Comment on ‘The limits of flexoelectricity in liquid crystals’” [AIPAdvances3, 019101 (2013)]. AIP Adv. 2013;3(1):19102.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harden J, Teeling R, Gleeson JT, et al. Converse flexoelectric effect in a bent-core nematic liquid crystal. Phys Rev E. 2008;78(3):031702.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salamon P Private communication.
   Google Scholar
• Kaur S, Belaissaoui A, Goodby JW, et al. Nonstandard electroconvection in a bent-core oxadiazole material. Phys Rev E. 2011;83(4):041704.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tadapatri P, Krishnamurthy KS, Weissflog W. Patterned flexoelectric instability in a bent-core nematic liquid crystal. Soft Matter. 2012;8(4):1202–1214.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuan 袁瑞, Feng 封贺, Xing 邢, et al. Flexodomain in BCN liquid crystal. . Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystals and Displays. 2016;31(9):870–876.
   Google Scholar
• Yuan R, Ye W-J, Xing H-Y, et al. Continuously adjustable period optical grating based on flexoelectric effect of a bent-core nematic liquid crystal in planar cells. Opt Express. 2018;26(4):4288–4299.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu M, Zhou M, Xiang Y, et al. Domain structures as optical gratings controlled by electric field in a bent-core nematic. Opt Express. 2015;23(12):15224.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiang Y, Jing H, Zhang Z, et al. Tunable optical grating based on the flexoelectric effect in a bent-core nematic liquid crystal. Phys Rev Appl. 2017;7(6):064032.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morris R, Jones JC, Nagaraj M. Variable pitch hydrodynamic electro-optic gratings utilising bent liquid crystal dimers. Soft Matter. 2020;16(46):10439.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jing H, Xu M, Xiang Y, et al. Light tunable gratings based on flexoelectric effect in photoresponsive bent-core nematics. Adv Optical Mater. 2019;7(8):1801790.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiang Y, Jing H, Sun W, et al. Topological defects arrays and control of electro-convections in periodically photo-aligned bent-core nematics. J Mol Liq. 2020;318:114058.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krishnamurthy KS, Kanakala MB, Yelamaggad CV, et al. Microscale structures arising from nanoscale inhomogeneities in nematics made of bent-shaped molecules. J Phys Chem B. 2019;123(6):1423–1431.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krishnamurthy KS, Tadapatri P, Viswanath P. Dislocations and metastable chevrons in the electroconvective inplane normal roll state of a bent core nematic liquid crystal. Soft Matter. 2014;10(37):7316–7327.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kleman M, Lavrentovich OD. Topological point defects in nematic liquid crystals. Phil Mag. 2006;86(25–26):4117–4137.
   Google Scholar
• Muševič I. Liquid Crystal Colloids. Cham, Switzerland: Springer; 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Stark H. Physics of colloidal dispersions in nematic liquid crystals. Phys Rep. 2001;351(6):387–474.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Gennes PG, Prost J. The Physics of Liquid Crystals. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1993.
   Google Scholar
• Goren G, Procaccia I, Rasenat S, et al. Interactions and dynamics of topological defects: theory and experiments near the onset of weak turbulence. Phys Rev Lett. 1989;63(12):1237–1240.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rasenat S, Steinberg V, Rehberg I. Experimental studies of defect dynamics and interaction in electrohydrodynamic convection. Phys Rev A. 1990;42(10):5998–6008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joets A, Ribotta R. Hydrodynamic transitions to chaos in the convection of an anisotropic fluid. J Phys (Paris). 1986;47(4):595–606.
   Google Scholar
• Krishnamurthy KS, Tadapatri P, Weissflog W. Twist disclination loops in a bent-core nematic liquid crystal. Soft Matter. 2011;7(13):6273–6284.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedel J, De Gennes PG. Boucles de disclination dans les cristaux liquids. [Disclination loops in liquid crystals]. C R Acad Sc Paris B. 1969;268:257–259. In French.
   Google Scholar
• Sonnet AM, Virga EG. Dynamics of nematic loop disclinations. Phys Rev E. 1997;56(6):6834–6842.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krishnamurthy KS, Kanakala MB, Yelamaggad CV, et al. Instabilities in the electric Freedericksz state of the twist-bend nematic liquid crystal CB7CB. Soft Matter. 2018;14(26):5393.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kleman M, Krishnamurthy KS. Defects in the twist-bend nematic phase: stabilities and instabilities of focal conic domains and related topics. Phys Rev E. 2018;98(3):032705.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krishnamurthy KS, Shankar Rao DS, Kanakala MB, et al. Electric response of topological dipoles in nematic colloids with twist-bend nematic droplets as the dispersed phase. Phys Rev E. 2021;103(4):042701.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huh J-H, Hidaka Y, Rossberg AG, et al. Pattern formation of chevrons in the conduction regime in homeotropically aligned liquid crystals. Phys Rev E. 2000;61(3):2769–2776.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krishnamurthy KS, Shankar Rao DS, Kanakala MB, et al. Topological defects due to twist-bend nematic drops mimicking colloidal particles in a nematic medium. Soft Matter. 2020;16(32):7479–7491.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar