References
- Prevot ME, Vanegas JP, Hegmann E. Emissive nanomaterials and liquid crystals, in 21st century nanoscience – a handbook. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2020.
- Wang Y, Shi J, Chen J, et al. Recent progress in luminescent liquid crystal materials: design, properties and application for linearly polarised emission. J Mater Chem C. 2015;3:7993–8005.
- Voskuhl J, Giese M. Mesogens with aggregation-induced emission properties: materials with a bright future. Aggregate. 2022;3:e124.
- Pina F, Melo MJ, Laia CAT, et al. Chemistry and applications of flavylium compounds: a handful of colours. Chem Soc Rev. 2012;41:869–908.
- Goto T, Kondo T. Structure and molecular stacking of anthocyanins—flower color variation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 1991;30:17–33.
- Roth K. Die Suche nach dem Blau der „Blauen Blume “Chemie für Romantiker. Chem unserer Zeit. 2018;52:192–200.
- Otegui MS. Imaging polyphenolic compounds in plant tissues. In: Reed J, Freitas V, and Quideau S, editors. Recent advances in research on polyphenols. 1st ed. Chichester: Wiley; 2021. pp. 281–295.
- Quina FH, Moreira PF, Vautier-Giongo C, et al. Photochemistry of anthocyanins and their biological role in plant tissues. Pure Appl Chem. 2009;81:1687–1694.
- Li J, Wang B, He Y, et al. A review of the interaction between anthocyanins and proteins. Food Sci Technol Int. 2021;27:470–482.
- Lemos M, Sárniková K, Bot F, et al. Use of time-resolved fluorescence to monitor bioactive compounds in plant based foodstuffs. Biosensors (Basel). 2015;5:367–397.
- Silva GTM, da Silva KM, Silva CP, et al. Highly fluorescent hybrid pigments from anthocyanin-and red wine pyranoanthocyanin-analogs adsorbed on sepiolite clay. Photochem Photobiol Sci. 2019;18:1750–1760.
- Merzlyak MN, Melø TB, Naqvi KR. Effect of anthocyanins, carotenoids, and flavonols on chlorophyll fluorescence excitation spectra in apple fruit: signature analysis, assessment, modelling, and relevance to photoprotection. J Exp Bot. 2008;59:349–359.
- Bartosz G, Grzesik-Pietrasiewicz M, Sadowska-Bartosz I. Fluorescent products of anthocyanidin and anthocyanin oxidation. J Agric Food Chem. 2020;68:12019–12027.
- Ghiman R, Nistor M, Focșan M, et al. Fluorescent polyelectrolyte system to track anthocyanins delivery inside melanoma cells. Nanomaterials. 2021;11:782.
- Amogne NY, Ayele DW, Tsigie YA. Recent advances in anthocyanin dyes extracted from plants for dye sensitized solar cell. Mater Renew Sustain Energy. 2020;9:1–16.
- Willstätter R, Everest AE. Untersuchungen über die Anthocyane. I. Über den Farbstoff der Kornblume. Justus Liebigs Ann Chem. 1913;401:189–232.
- Shibata K, Shibata Y, Kasiwagi I. Studies on anthocyanins: color variation in anthocyanins. J Am Chem Soc. 1919;41:208–220.
- Robinson R, Robinson GM. The colloid chemistry of leaf and flower pigments and the precursors of the anthocyanins. J Am Chem Soc. 1939;61:1605–1606.
- Bayer E, Egeter H, Fink A, et al. Komplexbildung und blütenfarben. Angew Chem. 1966;78:834–841.
- Asen S, Horowitz RM. Apigenin 4′-O-β-d-glucoside 7-O-β-d)-glucuronide: the copigment in the blue pigment of Centaurea cyanus. Phytochemistry. 1974;13:1219–1223.
- Kondo T, Ueda M, Tamura H, et al. Composition of protocyanin, a self-assembled supramolecular pigment from the blue cornflower, Centaurea cyanus. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 1994;33:978–979.
- Shiono M, Matsugaki N, Takeda K. Structure of the blue cornflower pigment. Nature. 2005;436:791.
- Takeda K. Blue metal complex pigments involved in blue flower color. Proc Jpn Acad Ser B. 2006;82:142–154.
- Kondo T, Ueda M, Isobe M, et al. A new molecular mechanism of blue color development with protocyanin, a supramolecular pigment from cornflower, Centaurea cyanus. Tetrahedron Lett. 1998;39:8307–8310.
- Kapernaum N, Lange A, Ebert M, et al. Current topics in ionic liquid crystals. ChemPluschem. 2022;87:e202100397.
- Goossens K, Lava K, Bielawski CW, et al. Ionic liquid crystals: versatile materials. Chem Rev. 2016;116:4643–4807.
- Mansueto M, Laschat S. Handbook of liquid crystals. In: Goodby J, Tschierske C, and Gleeson H, editors. Handbook of liquid crystals. Vol. 6. 2nd ed. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH; 2014; pp. 231–280.
- Axenov KV, Laschat S. Thermotropic ionic liquid crystals. Materials. 2011;4:206–259.
- Douce L, Suisse J-M, Guillon D, et al. Imidazolium-based liquid crystals: a modular platform for versatile new materials with finely tuneable properties and behaviour. Liq Cryst. 2011;38:1653–1661.
- Chen S, Eichhorn SH. Ionic discotic liquid crystals. ISR J Chem. 2012;52:830–843.
- Salikolimi K, Sudhakar AA, Ishida Y. Functional ionic liquid crystals. Langmuir. 2020;36:11702–11731.
- Martinetto Y, Pégot B, Roch-Marchal C, et al. Designing functional polyoxometalate-based ionic liquid crystals and ionic liquids. Eur J Inorg Chem. 2020;2020:228–247.
- Sigaud G, Hardouin F, Gasparoux H, et al. The smectic a phases of some long chain substituted diaryl-2, 6 pyrylium and thiopyrylium salts. Mol Cryst Liq Cryst. 1983;92:217–224.
- Veber M, Jallabert C, Strzelecka H, et al. Heteroaromatic salts exhibiting thermotropic liquid crystalline properties. Mol Cryst Liq Cryst. 1986;137:373–379.
- Strzelecka H, Jallabert C, Veber M. Mesomorphism of heteroaromatic salts: influence of the number of flexible chains. Mol Cryst Liq Cryst Inc Nonlinear Opt. 1988;156:355–359.
- Strzelecka H, Jallabert C, Veber M, et al. Synthese Efficace de Composes Aromatiques Polyalcoxyles. Mol Cryst Liq Cryst Inc Nonlinear Opt. 1988;156:347–353.
- Markovitsi D, Lécuyer I, Clergeot B, et al. Photophysical properties of discogenic triaryl pyrylium salts excimer migration in columnar liquid crystals. Liq Cryst. 1989;6:83–92.
- Ecoffet C, Markovitsi D, Jallabert C, et al. Columnar liquid crystals of triaryl pyrylium salts: experimental and theoretical study of photophysical properties. Thin Solid Films. 1994;242:83–87.
- Pérez J, Vandevyver M, Strzelecka H, et al. In plane and out of plane anisotropy in Langmuir-Blodgett films of discogenic molecules. Liq Cryst. 1993;14:1627–1634.
- Veber M, Berruyer G. Ionic liquid crystals: synthesis and mesomorphic properties of dimeric 2, 4, 6-triarylpyrylium tetrafluoroborates. Liq Cryst. 2000;27:671–676.
- Wu D, Pisula W, Haberecht MC, et al. Oxygen-and sulfur-containing positively charged polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Org Lett. 2009;11:5686–5689.
- Timmons DJ, Jordan AJ, Kirchon AA, et al. Asymmetric flavone-based liquid crystals: synthesis and properties. Liq Cryst. 2017;44:1436–1449.
- Forschner R, Knelles J, Bader K, et al. Flavylium salts: a blooming core for bioinspired ionic liquid crystals. Chem: Eur J. 2019;25:12966–12980.
- Bora P, Bora B, Bora U. Recent developments in synthesis of catechols by Dakin oxidation. New J Chem. 2021;45:17077–17084.
- Knöller JA, Forschner R, Frey W, et al. Chasing self-assembly of thioether-substituted flavylium salts in solution and bulk state. Chemphyschem. 2022;23:e202200154.
- Jankowiak A, Debska Ż, Romański J, et al. Synthesis of 3, 4-dialkylsulfanyl-and 3, 4, 5-trialkylsulfanyl derivatives of bromobenzene and benzaldehyde. J Sulfur Chem. 2012;33:1–7.
- Zheng Q, He GS, Prasad PN. Novel two-photon-absorbing, 1, 10-phenanthroline-containing π-conjugated chromophores and their nickel (II) chelated complexes with quenched emissions. J Mater Chem. 2005;15:579–587.
- Cardinaels T, Ramaekers J, Nockemann P, et al. Rigid tetracatenar liquid crystals derived from 1, 10-phenanthroline. Soft Matter. 2008;4:2172–2185.
- Cruz C, Heinrich B, Ribeiro AC, et al. Structural study of smectic a phases in homologous series of N-alkylpyridinium alkylsulphates. Liq Cryst. 2000;27:1625–1631.
- Bruce DW. Calamitics, cubics, and columnars liquid-crystalline complexes of silver (I). Acc Chem Res. 2000;33:831–840.
- Woodford JN. A DFT investigation of anthocyanidins. Chem Phys Lett. 2005;410(4–6):182–187.
- Douce L. Personal communication at ILMAT VI, Obernai, France; 2021.
- Del Giudice N, I’her M, Scrafton E, et al. Luminescent ionic liquid crystals based on naphthalene-imidazolium unit. Eur J Org Chem. 2021;2021:2091–2098.
- Berthiot R, Del Giudice N, Douce L. Luminescent imidazolium salts as bright multi-faceted tools for biology. Eur J Org Chem. 2021;2021:4099–4106.