Information and Communications Technology Acceptance by Youth Entrepreneurs in Rural Malaysian Communities: The Mediating Effects of Attitude and Entrepreneurial Intention

References

• Adams, D. A., Nelson, R. R., & Todd, P. A. (1992). Perceived usefulness, ease of use, and usage of information technology: A replication. MIS Quarterly, 16(2), 227–247.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahmad, A. R. W., Fauziah, W. Y., Noor, H. M., & Ramin, A. K. (2011). Preliminary study of rural entrepreneurship development program in Malaysia. Journal of Global Entrepreneurship, 2(1), 537–546.
   Google Scholar
• Ahmad, S. Z., Abu Bakar, A. R., Faziharudean, T. M., & Mohamad Zaki, K. A. (2014). An empirical study of factors affecting e-commerce adoption among small-and medium-sized enterprises in a developing country: Evidence from Malaysia. Information Technology for Development, 21(4), 1–18.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1980). Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W. (1988). Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103(3), 411–423.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Armitage, C. J., & Conner, M. (2001). Efficacy of the theory of planned behaviour: A meta-analytic review. British Journal of Social Psychology, 40(4), 471–499.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barba-Sánchez, V., Martínez-Ruiz, M. D. P., & Jiménez-Zarco, A. I. (2007). Drivers, benefits and challenges of ICT adoption by small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs): A literature review. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 5(1), 104–115.
   Google Scholar
• Batchelor, M. S., Scott, N., Woolnough, D., & Tambo, I. (2005). Good Practice. OECD-DAC Members.
   Google Scholar
• Baumgartner, H., & Homburg, C. (1996). Applications of structural equation modeling in marketing and consumer research: A review. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 13(2), 139–161.
   Google Scholar
• Bentler, P. M., & Bonett, D. G. (1980). Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychological Bulletin, 88(3), 588–606.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Byrne, B. M. (2010). Structural equation modeling with AMOS; basic concepts, applications, and programming (2nd ed.). New York: Taylor & Francis.
   Google Scholar
• Carr, J. C., & Sequeira, J. M. (2007). Prior family business exposure as intergenerational influence and entrepreneurial intent: A theory of planned behavior approach. Journal of Business Research, 60(10), 1090–1098.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan, S.-C., & Lu, M. T. (2003). Understanding internet banking adoption and use behavior: A Hong Kong perspective. Journal of Global Information Management, 12(3), 21–43.
   Google Scholar
• Chau, P. Y. K. (1997). Reexamining a model for evaluating information center success using a structural equation modeling approach. Decision Sciences, 28(2), 309–334.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, K., Chen, J. V., & Yen, D. C. (2011). Dimensions of self-efficacy in the study of smart phone acceptance. Computer Standards & Interfaces, 33(4), 422–431.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chou, C.-P., & Bentler, P. M. (1995). Estimates and tests in structural equation modeling. In R. H. Hoyle (Ed.), Structural equation modeling: Concepts, issues, and applications (pp. 37–55). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Curtain, R. (2003). Creating more opportunities for young people using information and communications technology. The World Summit on Information Societies, Geneva. Geneva, Switzerland.
   Google Scholar
• Davidsson, P. (1995). Culture, structure and regional levels of entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 7(1), 41–62.
   Google Scholar
• Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly, 13(3), 319–340.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis, F. D., & Venkatesh, V. (2004). Toward preprototype user acceptance testing of new information systems: Implications for software project management. Engineering management. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 51(1), 31–46.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis, F. D., Bagozzi, R. P., & Warshaw, P. R. (1989). User acceptance of computer technology: A comparison of two theoretical models. Management Science, 35(8), 982–1003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Department of Statistics Malaysia. (2007). Census of Establishments and Enterprises 2005. Retrieved from http://www.statistics.gov.my/portal.
   Google Scholar
• Duncombe, R., & Heeks, R. (2002). Enterprise across the digital divide: Information systems and rural microenterprise in Botswana. Journal of International Development, 14(1), 61–74.
   Google Scholar
• Eggleston, K., Jensen, R., & Zeckhauser, R. (2002). Information and communication technologies, markets, and economic development (Discussion Paper No. 0203). Department of Economics, Tufts University.
   Google Scholar
• Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallego, M. D., Luna, P., & Bueno, S. (2008). User acceptance model of open source software. Computers in Human Behavior, 24(5), 2199–2216.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grimes, S. (2000). Rural areas in the information society: Diminishing distance or increasing learning capacity? Journal of Rural Studies, 16(1), 13–21.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2010). Multivariate data analysis (7th ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Haji Idris, N. A. (2008). Women and economic development. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustak.
   Google Scholar
• Harper, D. A. (1996). Entrepreneurship and the market process. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Hassan, M. S., Shaffril, H. A. M., Abu Hassan, M., & D'Silva, J. L. (2009). Developing agriculture in Malaysia: Internet utilization among Malaysian youth agro-businessman. European Journal of Social Sciences, 11(2), 215–224.
   Google Scholar
• Hassan, M. S., Shaffril, H. A. M., & Bahaman, A. S. (2012). Factors influencing the perception of youth agrobased entrepreneurs towards the role of ICT in increasing agro-business productivity. Journal of Agriculture and Social Sciences, 50(4), 539–553.
   Google Scholar
• Hayes, A. F. (2009). Beyond Baron and Kenny: Statistical mediation analysis in the new millennium. Communication Monographs, 76(4), 408–420.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Homer, P. M., & Kahle, L. R. (1988). A structural equation test of the value-attitude-behavior hierarchy. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(4), 638–646.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1–55.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaplan, D. (2000). Structural equation modeling: Foundations and extensions. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Khurshid, A., & Ghani, J. (2001). Lahore: A public-private partnership to enter the global IT market (Background paper). Geneva: ILO.
   Google Scholar
• Kleijnen, M., Wetzels, M., & de Ruyter, K. (2004). Consumer acceptance of wireless finance. Journal of Financial Services Marketing, 8(3), 206–217.
   Google Scholar
• Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Krueger, N. F., Reilly, M. D., & Carsrud, A. L. (2000). Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Business Venturing, 15(5–6), 411–432.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, H.-H., Fiore, A. M., & Kim, J. (2006). The role of the technology acceptance model in explaining effects of image interactivity technology on consumer responses. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 34(8), 621–644.
   Google Scholar
• Li, D., & Qiu, L. (2008). Applying TAM in B2C e-commerce research: An extended model. Tsinghua Science and Technology, 13(3), 265–272.
   Google Scholar
• Mallinckrodt, B., Abraham, W. T., Wei, M., & Russell, D. W. (2006). Advances in testing the statistical significance of mediation effects. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 53(3), 372–378.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moon, J.-W., & Kim, Y.-G. (2001). Extending the TAM for a World-Wide-Web context. Information & Management, 38(4), 217–230.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nah, F. F. H., Tan, X., & Teh, S.-H. (2004). An empirical investigation on end-users’ acceptance of enterprise systems. Information Resources Management Journal, 17(3), 32–53.
   Google Scholar
• Ndubisi, N. O., & Jantan, M. (2003). Evaluating IS usage in Malaysian small and medium-sized firms using the technology acceptance model. Logistics Information Management, 16(6), 440–450.
   Google Scholar
• Norsida, M. (2007). The agriculture community. In M. A. Fatimah, R. A. Nik Mustapha, K. Bisant, & M. A. Amin (Eds.), 50 years of Malaysian agriculture: Transformational issues, challenges and direction (pp. 128–143). Serdang: UPM.
   Google Scholar
• Othman, M. N., Ghazali, E., & Cheng, O. C. (2005). Demographics and personal characteristics of urban Malaysian entrepreneurs: An ethnic comparison. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management, 5(5–6), 421–440.
   Google Scholar
• Othman, N. H., & Ishak, S. (2009). Attitude towards choosing a career in entrepreneurship amongst graduates. European Journal of Social Sciences, 10(3), 419–434.
   Google Scholar
• Pan, C. C., Sivo, S. A., & Brophy, J. (2003). Students’ attitude in a web-enhanced hybrid course: A structural equation modeling inquiry. Journal of Educational Media and Library Sciences, 41(2), 181–194.
   Google Scholar
• Pick, J. B., Gollakota, K., & Singh, M. (2014). Technology for development: Understanding influences on use of rural telecenters in India. Information Technology for Development, 20(4), 1–28.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qureshi, S. (2005). How does information technology effect development? Integrating theory and practice into a process model. In Proceedings of the 11th Americas Conference on Information Systems (pp. 500–509), Omaha. Retrieved from http://aisel.aisnet.org/amcis2005/261/.
   Google Scholar
• Rahman, M. A., Mahfuz, M. U., Ahmed, K. M., & Rajatheva, R. (2005). ICT based sustainable rural business opportunities in developing countries: A wireless-networked RCP-RAP approach. American Journal of Applied Sciences, 2(8), 1256–1260.
   Google Scholar
• Ramayah, T., & Lo, M. C. (2007). Impact of shared beliefs on “perceived usefulness” and “ease of use” in the implementation of an enterprise resource planning system. Management Research News, 30(6), 420–431.
   Google Scholar
• Ramdani, B., Kawalek, P., & Lorenzo, O. (2009). Predicting SMEs’ adoption of enterprise systems. Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 22(1–2), 10–24.
   Google Scholar
• Ramsey, E., Ibbotson, P., Bell, J., & Gray, B. (2003). E-opportunities of service sector SMEs: An Irish crossborder study. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 10(3), 250–264.
   Google Scholar
• Rogers, E. M. (2003). Diffusion of innovations (5th ed.). New York, NY: Free Press.
   Google Scholar
• Samah, B. A., Shaffril, H. A. M., Hassan, M. S., Hassan, M. A., Ismail, N., & Others. (2009). Contribution of information and communication technology in increasing agro-based entrepreneurs productivity in Malaysia. Journal of Agriculture & Social Sciences, 5(3), 93–97.
   Google Scholar
• Schepers, J., & Wetzels, M. (2007). A meta-analysis of the technology acceptance model: Investigating subjective norm and moderation effects. Information & Management, 44(1), 90–103.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaffril, H. A. M., Hassan, M. S., & Samah, B. A. (2009). Level of agro-based website surfing among Malaysian agricultural entrepreneurs: A case of Malaysia. Journal of Agriculture & Social Sciences, 5(3), 55–60.
   Google Scholar
• Sidhu, K., & Kaur, S. (2006). Development of entrepreneurship among rural women. Journal of Social Sciences, 13(2), 147–149.
   Google Scholar
• Straub, D. W., Limayemm, M., & Karahanna, E. (1995). Measuring system usage: Implications for IS theory testing. Management Science, 41(8), 1328–1342.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tapscott, D. (1998). Growing up digital: The rise of the net generation. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
   Google Scholar
• Taylor, S., & Todd, P. (1995). Assessing IT usage: The role of prior experience. MIS Quarterly, 19(4), 561–570.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teo, T., Lee, C. B., & Chai, C. S. (2008). Understanding pre-service teachers’ computer attitudes: Applying and extending the technology acceptance model. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 24(2), 128–143.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tuyon, J., Mohammad, S., Junaidi, S., & Ali, R. (2011). The role of microfinance in development of micro enterprises in Malaysia. Business Management Quarterly Review, 2(3), 47–57.
   Google Scholar
• Valentine, G., & Holloway, S. L. (2002). Cyberkids? Exploring children's identities and social networks in online and off-line worlds. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 92(2), 302–319.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Veciana, J. M., Aponte, M., & Urbano, D. (2005). University students’ attitudes towards entrepreneurship: A two countries comparison. The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 1(2), 165–182.
   Google Scholar
• Venkatesh, V., & Bala, H. (2008). Technology acceptance model 3 and a research agenda on interventions. Decision Sciences, 39(2), 273–315.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Venkatesh, V., & Davis, F. (2000). A theoretical extension of the technology acceptance model: Four longitudinal field studies. Management Science, 46(2), 186–204.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yusoff, M. N. H., Yaacob, M. R., & Ibrahim, M. D. (2010). Business advisory: A study on selected micro-sized SMEs in Kelantan, Malaysia. International Journal of Marketing Studies, 2(2), 245–257.
   Google Scholar
• Zaremohzzabieh, Z., Samah, B. A., Muhammad, M., Omar, S. Z., Bolong, J., Hassan, M. S., & Shaffril, H. A. M. (2015). A test of the technology acceptance model for understanding the ICT adoption behavior of rural young entrepreneurs. International Journal of Business and Management, 10(2), 158–169.
   Google Scholar
• Zaremohzzabieh, Z., Samah, B. A., Muhammad, M., Omar, S. Z., Bolong, J., & Shaffril, H. A. M. (in press). An investigation into factors influencing rural youth entrepreneurs intentions to use ICT: A case of Malaysia. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business.
   Google Scholar