Analyzing the sustainability of 28 ‘Blockchain for Good’ projects via affordances and constraints

References

• Accenture (2019). Insights: Blockchain for good. Retrieved August 2, 2019, from https://www.accenture.com/us-en/insights-blockchain-for-good
   Google Scholar
• ACM (2018). Acm code of ethics and professional conduct. Retrieved July 7, 2020, from https://www.acm.org/diversity-inclusion/code-of-ethics
   Google Scholar
• Adams, R., Kewell, B., & Parry, G. (2018). Blockchain for good? Digital ledger technology and sustainable development goals. In Handbook of sustainability and social science research (pp. 127–140). Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Agora (2017a). Agora web site. Retrieved November 25, 2019, from https://www.agora.vote/
   Google Scholar
• Agora (2017b). Agora white paper. Retrieved November 25, 2019, from https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5b0be2f4e2ccd12e7e8a9be9/t/5b6c38550e2e725e9cad3f18/1533818968655/Agora_Whitepaper.pdf
   Google Scholar
• AidCoin (2019a). Aidcoin web site. Retrieved November 25, 2019, from https://www.aidcoin.co/?lang=en
   Google Scholar
• AidCoin (2019b). Aidcoin whitepaper. Retrieved November 25, 2019, from https://www.aidcoin.co/assets/documents/whitepaper.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Alejandro, J. (2016). Blockchain for good: A beginner's guide. Retrieved August 2, 2019, from http://tech.newstatesman.com/guest-opinion/blockchain-for-good-beginners-guide
   Google Scholar
• Alice.si (2017). Alice.si whitepaper. Retrieved November 25, 2019, from https://github.com/alice-si/whitepaper/blob/master/Alice%20white%20paper%20-%20FV%200.9.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Alice.si (2019). Alice.si web site. Retrieved November 25, 2019, from https://alice.si/
   Google Scholar
• Ambrosus (2017a). Ambrosus web site. Retrieved November 25, 2019, from https://ambrosus.com/#home
   Google Scholar
• Ambrosus (2017b). Ambrosus white paper. Retrieved November 25, 2019, from https://ambrosus.com/assets/en/-White-Paper-V8-1.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Atkinson, L. (2014). ‘Wild west’ of eco-labels: Sustainability claims are confusing consumers. Retrieved November 25, 2019, from https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/eco-labels-sustainability-trust-corporate-government
   Google Scholar
• Bartoletti, M., Cimoli, T., Pompianu, L., & Serusi, S. (2018). Blockchain for social good: A quantitative analysis. In Proceedings of the 4th EAI international conference on smart objects and technologies for social good (pp. 37–42). ACM. http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/3284869.3284881
   Google Scholar
• Beikverdi, A., & Song, J. (2015). Trend of centralization in Bitcoin's distributed network. In 2015 16th IEEE/ACIS international conference on Software engineering, artificial intelligence, networking and parallel/distributed computing (SNPD) (pp. 1–6). IEEE.
   Google Scholar
• Billingsley, W. (2016). Data affordances and the dynamics of constraints in redesign. In Proceedings of the 2016 ACM conference companion publication on designing interactive systems (pp. 169–172). ACM. http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2908805.2909416
   Google Scholar
• BioCoin (2017). Biocoin web site. Retrieved January 1, 2019, from https://biocoin.bio/en
   Google Scholar
• BioCoin (2018). Biocoin white paper. Retrieved January 1, 2019, from https://biocoin.bio/files/Whitepaper_en.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Biskjaer, M. M., Dalsgaard, P., & Halskov, K. (2014). A constraint-based understanding of design spaces. In Proceedings of the 2014 conference on designing interactive systems (pp. 453–462). ACM. http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2598510.2598533
   Google Scholar
• Bitland (2016). Bitland whitepaper. Retrieved November 25, 2019, from http://www.bitland.world/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Bitland_Whitepaper.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Bitland (2019). Bitland web site. Retrieved November 25, 2019, from http://landing.bitland.world/
   Google Scholar
• BitMari (2018a). Bitmari web site. Retrieved November 25, 2019, from https://bitmari.com/
   Google Scholar
• BitMari (2018b). Bitmari white paper. Retrieved November 25, 2019, from https://bitmari.com/static/assets/all/images/farmers/BitMariSmartFarmContractsWhitepaper.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Blockchain for Good (2016). Blockchain for good: Humanising the blockchain web site. Retrieved January 8, 2019, from https://www.blockchainforgood.com/
   Google Scholar
• Blockchain for Good (B4G) project (2016). Blockchain for good web site. Retrieved January 8, 2019, from http://b4g.strikingly.com/
   Google Scholar
• Blockchain for Social Impact (2019). Blockchain for social impact web site. Retrieved January 8, 2019, from https://blockchainforsocialimpact.com/
   Google Scholar
• BolivarCoin (2015a). Bolivarcoin web site. Retrieved November 25, 2019, from https://bolis.info/
   Google Scholar
• BolivarCoin (2015b). Bolivarcoin white paper. Retrieved November 25, 2019, from https://bolis.info/file/Bolivarcoin%20White%20Paper.pdf
   Google Scholar
• BP (2020). Statistical review of world energy. Retrieved July 6, 2020, from https://www.bp.com/en/global/corporate/energy-economics/statistical-review-of-world-energy.html
   Google Scholar
• Brynjarsdóttir, H., Håkansson, M., Pierce, J., Baumer, E., DiSalvo, C., & Sengers, P. (2012). Sustainably unpersuaded: How persuasion narrows our vision of sustainability. In Proceedings of the sigchi conference on human factors in computing systems (pp. 947–956). Association for Computing Machinery.
   Google Scholar
• Busse, D., Blevis, E., Beckwith, R., Bardzell, S., Sengers, P., Tomlinson, B., Nathan, L., & Mann, S. (2012). Social sustainability: An HCI agenda. In Chi '12 extended abstracts on human factors in computing systems (pp. 1151–1154). ACM. http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2212776.2212409
   Google Scholar
• CarbonCoin (2018a). Carboncoin web site. Retrieved November 25, 2019, from https://carboncoin.cc/
   Google Scholar
• CarbonCoin (2018b). Carboncoin white paper. Retrieved November 25, 2019, from https://medium.com/@Carboncoin/the-carboncoin-story-f8541f865e28
   Google Scholar
• Centre for Citizenship Enterprise and Governance (2018). Seratio platform white paper. Retrieved August 2, 2019, from https://www.seratio-coins.world/Assets/other/Seratio%20Token%202017-30%20Whitepaper%206%200%20(17%20January%202018)%20v%206-23.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Centre for Citizenship Enterprise and Governance (2019). Seratio platform web site. Retrieved August 2, 2019, from https://www.seratio-coins.world/
   Google Scholar
• Chapron, G. (2017). The environment needs cryptogovernance. Nature, 545(7655), 403. https://doi.org/10.1038/545403a
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheah, E. T., & Fry, J. (2015). Speculative bubbles in Bitcoin markets? An empirical investigation into the fundamental value of Bitcoin. Economics Letters, 130, 32–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2015.02.029
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheesman, M. (2017). Anticipating blockchain for development: Data, power, and the future. Retrieved November 26, 2019, from https://www.oii.ox.ac.uk/blog/anticipating-blockchain-for-development-data-power-and-the-future/
   Google Scholar
• Chipidza, W., & Leidner, D. (2019). A review of the ICT-enabled development literature: Towards a power parity theory of ICT4D. The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 28(2), 145–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsis.2019.01.002SI: Review issue. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0963868717302391
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CoinLore (2019). All coins. Retrieved August 2, 2019, from https://www.coinlore.com/all_coins
   Google Scholar
• Colony (2019a). Colony web site. Retrieved November 25, 2019, from https://colony.io/
   Google Scholar
• Colony (2019b). Colony white paper. Retrieved November 25, 2019, from https://colony.io/whitepaper.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Coppi, G., & Fast, L. (2019). Blockchain and distributed ledger technologies in the humanitarian sector. Retrieved November 26, 2019, from https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/193658/1/1067430997.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Crandall, J. (2019). Blockchains and the “Chains of Empire”: Contextualizing blockchain, cryptocurrency, and neoliberalism in Puerto Rico. Design and Culture, 11(3), 279–300. https://doi.org/10.1080/17547075.2019.1673989
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crosman, P. (2016). Why remittances cost so much – and how to make them a lot cheaper. Retrieved November 25, 2019, from https://www.americanbanker.com/news/why-remittances-cost-so-much-and-how-to-make-them-a-lot-cheaper
   Google Scholar
• Crouch, C. (2012). Sustainability, neoliberalism, and the moral quality of capitalism. Business & Professional Ethics Journal, 31(2), 363–374. https://doi.org/10.5840/bpej201231218
   Google Scholar
• Crowhurst, F. (2018). Is this the beginning of the end for cryptocurrencies? Crypto Daily (TM) blog. https://cryptodaily.co.uk/2018/04/beginning-end-cryptocurrencies/
   Google Scholar
• Curecoin (2018a). Curecoin web site. Retrieved August 2, 2019, from http://curecoin.net
   Google Scholar
• Curecoin (2018b). Curecoin white paper. Retrieved August 2, 2019, from https://curecoin.net/white-paper/
   Google Scholar
• De Filippi, P., & Loveluck, B. (2016). The invisible politics of Bitcoin: Governance crisis of a decentralized infrastructure. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2852691
   Google Scholar
• de Vries, A. (2018). Bitcoin's growing energy problem. Joule, 2(5), 801–805. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2018.04.016
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Digiconomist (2018). Bitcoin energy consumption index. Retrieved July 6, 2020, from https://digiconomist.net/bitcoin-energy-consumption
   Google Scholar
• Diniz, E. H., Siqueira, E. S., & van Heck, E. (2019). Taxonomy of digital community currency platforms. Information Technology for Development, 25(1), 69–91. https://doi.org/10.1080/02681102.2018.1485005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DiSalvo, C., Sengers, P., & Brynjarsdóttir, H. (2010). Mapping the landscape of sustainable HCI. In Proceedings of the sigchi conference on human factors in computing systems (pp. 1975–1984). Association for Computing Machinery.
   Google Scholar
• Docademic (2016). Docademic whitepaper. Retrieved November 25, 2019, from https://cdn.docademic.com/documents/Docademic+ICO+White+Paper.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Docademic (2018). Docademic web site. Retrieved November 25, 2019, from https://doc.com/
   Google Scholar
• Dupont, Q. (2018). Experiments in algorithmic governance: A history and ethnography of “The DAO,” a failed decentralized autonomous organization. In M. Campbell-Verduyn (Ed.), Bitcoin and beyond. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• EcoCoins (2017). Ecocoins. Retrieved January 1, 2019, from http://ecocoins.ee/
   Google Scholar
• Einaste, T. (2018). Blockchain and healthcare: The estonian experience. Retrieved November 26, 2019, from https://e-estonia.com/blockchain-healthcare-estonian-experience/
   Google Scholar
• Elsden, C., Manohar, A., Briggs, J., Harding, M., Speed, C., & Vines, J. (2018). Making sense of blockchain applications: A typology for HCI. In Proceedings of the 2018 chi conference on human factors in computing systems (p. 458). Association for Computing Machinery.
   Google Scholar
• EnergiToken (2017). Energitoken whitepaper. Retrieved November 25, 2019, from https://energimine.com/wp-content/themes/_base-child/assets/media/whitepaper_en.pdf
   Google Scholar
• EnergiToken (2018). Energitoken web site. Retrieved November 25, 2019, from https://energimine.com/energitoken/
   Google Scholar
• European Commission (2019). Blockchains for social impact. Retrieved August 2, 2019, from https://ec.europa.eu/research/eic/index.cfm?pg=prizes_blockchains
   Google Scholar
• followmyvote.com (2014). followmyvote.com white paper. Retrieved November 25, 2019, from https://followmyvote.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/The-Key-To-Unlocking-The-Black-Box-Follow-My-Vote.pdf
   Google Scholar
• followmyvote.com (2018). followmyvote.com web site. Retrieved November 25, 2019, from https://followmyvote.com/
   Google Scholar
• Frey, S., Krafft, P. M., & Keegan, B. C. (2019, November). “This place does what it was built for”: Designing digital institutions for participatory change. Proceedings of the ACM hum.-comput. interact (Vol. 3(CSCW)). Association for Computing Machinery. https://doi.org/10.1145/3359134
   Google Scholar
• Gervais, A., Karame, G. O., Capkun, V., & Capkun, S. (2014). Is Bitcoin a decentralized currency? IEEE Security & Privacy, 12(3), 54–60. https://doi.org/10.1109/MSP.2014.49
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giaglis, G. M., & Kypriotaki, K. N. (2014). Towards an agenda for information systems research on digital currencies and Bitcoin. In International conference on business information systems (pp. 3–13). Springer International Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• GiveTrack (2018a). Givetrack press kit. Retrieved November 25, 2019, from https://d1i1964a5wuyjt.cloudfront.net/2018/11/BitGive-Press-Kit-1.pdf
   Google Scholar
• GiveTrack (2018b). Givetrack web site. Retrieved November 25, 2019, from https://www.givetrack.org/
   Google Scholar
• Good, T. (2017). Beyond the hype: Blockchain for humanity. Retrieved August 2, 2019, from https://techsgood.org/beyond-the-hype-blockchain-for-humanity-4ce56d17de24
   Google Scholar
• Gridcoin (2019a). Gridcoin web site. Retrieved August 2, 2019, from https://www.gridcoin.us
   Google Scholar
• Gridcoin (2019b). Gridcoin white paper. Retrieved August 2, 2019, from https://www.gridcoin.us/assets/img/whitepaper.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Handshake (2017). Handshake white paper. Retrieved November 26, 2019, from https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B0-rHWCTy_cfVlQzZzVfbG5wOUE/view
   Google Scholar
• Handshake (2018). Handshake web site. Retrieved November 26, 2019, from https://web.archive.org/web/20180904225044/http://handshake.tech/index.html
   Google Scholar
• Hecht, B., Wilcox, L., Bigham, J., Schöning, J., Hoque, E., Ernst, J., Bisk, Y., Anjum, B., Contractor, D., & Wu, C. (2018). It's time to do something: Mitigating the negative impacts of computing through a change to the peer review process. ACM Future of Computing Blog. https://acm-fca.org/2018/03/29/negativeimpacts/
   Google Scholar
• Holden, E., Linnerud, K., & Banister, D. (2014). Sustainable development: Our common future revisited. Global Environmental Change, 26, 130–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.04.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holden, E., Linnerud, K., Banister, D., Schwanitz, V. J., & Wierling, A. (2017). The imperatives of sustainable development: Needs, justice, limits. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Hopwood, B., Mellor, M., & O'Brien, G. (2005). Sustainable development: Mapping different approaches. Sustainable Development, 13(1), 38–52. https://doi.org/10.1002/(ISSN)1099-1719
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Humaniq (2017a). Humaniq web site. Retrieved November 25, 2019, from https://humaniq.com/
   Google Scholar
• Humaniq (2017b). Humaniq white paper. Retrieved November 25, 2019, from https://humaniq.com/pdf/humaniq_wp_english.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Hyde, S. D., & Kelley, J. G. (2011). The limits of election monitoring. Retrieved November 25, 2019, from https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/middle-east/2011-06-28/limits-election-monitoring
   Google Scholar
• impactChoice (2017). Earth token web site. Retrieved August 2, 2019, from https://earth-token.com/
   Google Scholar
• impactChoice (2018). Earth token white paper. Retrieved August 2, 2019, from https://earth-token.com/pdf/impactChoice-Earth-Token-Whitepaper.pdf?v=1#zoom=70
   Google Scholar
• Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2014). Climate change 2014: Synthesis report (Longer Rep.). IPCC.
   Google Scholar
• Internet Archive (2019). Wayback machine. Retrieved August 6, 2019, from https://web.archive.org/
   Google Scholar
• ixo Foundation (2018a). ixo web site. Retrieved August 2, 2019, from http://ixo.foundation/
   Google Scholar
• ixo Foundation (2018b). ixo white paper. Retrieved August 2, 2019, from https://ixo.foundation/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/ixo-Technical-White-Paper-w-Cover-Version-3.0-8-December-2017-1.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Janze, C. (2017). Are Cryptocurrencies Criminals Best Friends? Examining the Co-Evolution of Bitcoin and Darknet Markets. In Proceedings of the AMCIS 2017 conference. Association for Information Systems.
   Google Scholar
• Kaptelinin, V., & Nardi, B. (2012). Affordances in HCI: Toward a mediated action perspective. In Proceedings of the sigchi conference on human factors in computing systems (pp. 967–976). ACM. http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2207676.2208541
   Google Scholar
• Kaur, H., Johnson, I., Miller, H. J., Terveen, L. G., Lampe, C., Hecht, B., & Lasecki, W. S. (2018). Oh the places You'Ll share: An affordances-based model of social media posting behaviors. In Extended abstracts of the 2018 chi conference on human factors in computing systems (pp. LBW534:1–LBW534:6). ACM. http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/3170427.3188601
   Google Scholar
• Kewell, B., Adams, R., & Parry, G. (2017). Blockchain for good? Strategic Change, 26(5), 429–437. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsc.2017.26.issue-5
   Google Scholar
• Kshetri, N., & Voas, J. (2018). Blockchain in developing countries. IT Professional, 20(2), 11–14. https://doi.org/10.1109/MITP.2018.021921645
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lessig, L. (2009). Code: And other laws of cyberspace. Basic Books.
   Google Scholar
• Li, Wenting, Andreina, Sebastien, Bohli, Jens-Matthias, & Karame, Ghassan (2017). Securing proof-of-stake blockchain protocols. In Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS, volume 10436) (pp. 297–315). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67816-0_17
   Google Scholar
• Lindtner, S., Bardzell, S., & Bardzell, J. (2016). Reconstituting the utopian vision of making: HCI after technosolutionism. In Proceedings of the 2016 chi conference on human factors in computing systems (pp. 1390–1402). ACM. http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2858036.2858506
   Google Scholar
• Majchrzak, A., Markus, M. L., & Wareham, J. (2016). Designing for digital transformation: Lessons for information systems research from the study of ICT and societal challenges. MIS Quarterly, 40(2), 267–277. https://doi.org/10.25300/MISQ
   Google Scholar
• Martin, C. J. (2016). The sharing economy: A pathway to sustainability or a nightmarish form of neoliberal capitalism?. Ecological Economics, 121, 149–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2015.11.027
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maurer, B. (2015). Data-mining for development?: Poverty, payment, and platform. In Territories of poverty: Rethinking north and south (pp. 126–143). University of Georgia Press. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt189tszc.9
   Google Scholar
• McCauley, A. (2019). The $100b blockchain proof of concept hiding in plain sight. Retrieved August 2, 2019, from https://www.forbes.com/sites/alisonmccauley/2019/01/09/the-100b-blockchain-proof-of-concept-hiding-in-plain-sight/#961abe71c8ab
   Google Scholar
• MediBloc (2017a). Medibloc web site. Retrieved November 25, 2019, from https://medibloc.org/en/
   Google Scholar
• MediBloc (2017b). Medibloc whitepaper. Retrieved November 25, 2019, from https://whitepaper.io/document/176/medibloc-whitepaper
   Google Scholar
• Nelms, T. C., Maurer, B., Swartz, L., & Mainwaring, S. (2018). Social payments: Innovation, trust, Bitcoin, and the sharing economy. Theory, Culture & Society, 35(3), 13–33. https://doi.org/10.1177/0263276417746466
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norman, D. A. (2002). The design of everyday things. Basic Books, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• O'Neill, J. (2013). Markets, deliberation and environment. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• OriginTrail (2013). Origintrail web site. Retrieved November 25, 2019, from https://origintrail.io/
   Google Scholar
• OriginTrail (2017). Origintrail white paper. Retrieved November 25, 2019, from https://origintrail.io/storage/documents/OriginTrail-White-Paper.pdf
   Google Scholar
• PowerLedger (2018). Powerledger whitepaper. Retrieved November 25, 2019, from https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/4519667/Documents%20/Power%20Ledger%20Whitepaper.pdf
   Google Scholar
• PowerLedger (2019). Powerledger web site. Retrieved November 25, 2019, from https://www.powerledger.io/
   Google Scholar
• PricewaterhouseCoopers (2008). Sustainability: Are consumers buying it? Retrieved November 25, 2019, from https://pwc.blogs.com/files/pwc-sustainability-pamphlet13_06_08.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Qureshi, S. (2019). Climate change adaptation for sustainable development: The information and communication technology (ICT) paradox. Information Technology for Development, 25(4), 625–629. https://doi.org/10.1080/02681102.2019.1680164
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Restart Energy (2015). Restart energy web site. Retrieved November 25, 2019, from https://restartenergy.io/
   Google Scholar
• Restart Energy (2017). Restart energy whitepaper. Retrieved November 25, 2019, from https://restartenergy.io/Restart_Energy_Whitepaper.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Reyes, O., & Gilbertson, T. (2010). Carbon trading: How it works and why it fails. Soundings, 45(45), 89–100. https://doi.org/10.3898/136266210792307050
   Google Scholar
• Scott, B. (2016). How can cryptocurrency and blockchain technology play a role in building social and solidarity finance? (Tech. Rep.). UNRISD Working Paper.
   Google Scholar
• Seidel, S., Recker, J. C., & Vom Brocke, J. (2013). Sensemaking and sustainable practicing: Functional affordances of information systems in green transformations. Management Information Systems Quarterly, 37(4), 1275–1299. https://doi.org/10.25300/MISQ
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shove, E. (2010). Beyond the ABC: Climate change policy and theories of social change. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 42(6), 1273–1285. https://doi.org/10.1068/a42282
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SolarCoin (2019a). Solarcoin faqs. Retrieved August 2, 2019, from https://solarcoin.org/faqs/
   Google Scholar
• SolarCoin (2019b). Solarcoin web site. Retrieved August 2, 2019, from https://solarcoin.org
   Google Scholar
• SolarCoin (2019c). Solarcoin white paper. Retrieved August 2, 2019, from https://solarcoin.org/wp-content/uploads/SolarCoin_Policy_Paper_EN-1.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Sustainable development goals (2020). United Nations. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/sdgs
   Google Scholar
• Swain, R. B. (2018). A critical analysis of the sustainable development goals. In Handbook of sustainability science and research (pp. 341–355). Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Swartz, L. (2018). What was Bitcoin, what will it be? The techno-economic imaginaries of a new money technology. Cultural Studies, 32:4, 1–28. Taylor & Francis. https://doi.org/10.1080/09502386.2017.1416420
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swedish Land Registry (2017). Swedish land registry whitepaper. Retrieved November 25, 2019, from https://chromaway.com/papers/Blockchain_Landregistry_Report_2017.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Swedish Land Registry (2018). Swedish land registry web site. Retrieved November 25, 2019, from https://www.elra.eu/contact-point-contribution/sweden/why-register-16/
   Google Scholar
• Tainter, J. A. (2006). Social complexity and sustainability. Ecological Complexity, 3(2), 91–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecocom.2005.07.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang, Y. K., & Konde, V. (2019). Differences in ICT use by entrepreneurial micro-firms: Evidence from Zambia. Information Technology for Development, 26:2, 1–24. Taylor & Francis. https://doi.org/10.1080/02681102.2019.1684871
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ullmer, B., Ishii, H., & Jacob, R. J. K. (2005, March). Token+constraint systems for tangible interaction with digital information. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, 12(1), 81–118. https://doi.org/10.1145/1057237.1057242
   Google Scholar
• UN General Assembly (2015). Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 25 September 2015. United Nations.
   Google Scholar
• Vincent, J. (2019). Bitcoin consumes more energy than switzerland, according to new estimate. https://www.theverge.com/2019/7/4/20682109/bitcoin-energy-consumption-annual-calculation-cambridge-index-cbeci-country-comparison
   Google Scholar
• Weaver, N. (2018). Blockchains and cryptocurrencies: Burn it with fire. Retrieved August 6, 2019, from https://www.ischool.berkeley.edu/events/2018/blockchains-and-cryptocurrencies-burn-it-fire
   Google Scholar
• World Commission on Environment and Development (1987). Our common future. United Nations. http://www.un-documents.net/wced-ocf.htm
   Google Scholar
• Yermack, D. (2015). Is Bitcoin a real currency? An economic appraisal. In Handbook of digital currency (pp. 31–43). Elsevier.
   Google Scholar
• Zambrano, R. (2017). Blockchain: Unpacking the disruptive potential of blockchain technology for human development. Retrieved November 26, 2019, from https://idl-bnc-idrc.dspacedirect.org/bitstream/handle/10625/56662/IDL-56662.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y
   Google Scholar