Bibliography
Archival Sources
- Archivio Storico del Ministero degli Affari Esteri (Rome, Italy)
- AP (I): Affari Politici, 1919-1930.
- AP (II): Affari Politici, 1931-1945.
- Gab: Gabinetto del ministro e della segreteria generale, 1923-1943.
- The National Archives (Kew, U.K.)
- Cab 23: War Cabinet and Cabinet: Minutes.
- CAB 53: Chiefs of Staff Sub-Committee of the Committee of Imperial Defence.
- FO 371: Foreign Office: Political Departments: General Correspondence from 1906-1966.
- HW 12: Government Code and Cypher School: Diplomatic Section and predecessors: Decrypts of Intercepted Diplomatic Communications (BJ Series).
- Cadbury Research Library (Birmingham, U.K.)
- AP: The Avon Papers
Published Primary Sources
- Documenti Diplomatici Italiani, Settimana Serie, 1922-35, Vols. 6, 7, 15. Rome: Instituto poligrafico e zecca dello stato, 1967-1990.
- Documenti Diplomatici Italiani, Ottava Serie, 1935-9, Vol. 7. Rome: Instituto poligrafico e zecca dello stato, 1998.
- CDP: Ciano’s Diplomatic Papers. Edited by M. Muggeridge, Translated by Stuart Hood. Long Arce: Odhams Press Limited, 1948.
Secondary Primary Sources
- Andrew, C., and D. Dilks, The Missing Dimension: Governments and Intelligence Communities in the Twentieth Century. Basingstoke: MacMillan, 1984.
- Anghie, A. Imperialism, Sovereignty, and the Making of International Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.
- Arielli, N. Fascist Italy and the Middle East, 1933-1940. Hampshire: Palgrave MacMillan, 2010.
- Arielli, Nir. “Italian Involvement in the Arab revolt in Palestine, 1936-1939.” British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies 35, no. 2 (2008): 187–204.
- Bassi, G., N. Labanca, and E. Sturani. Libia. Una guerra colonial italiana. Roverto (TN): Museo Storico Italiano della Guerra, 2011.
- Bayly, C. A. Empire and Information: Intelligence Gathering and Social Communication in India, 1780-1870. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
- Bosworth, R.J.B. “Italy and the End of the Ottoman Empire.” 51–72. Kent Marian (ed.), The Great Powers and the End of the Ottoman Empire. London: Frank Cass, 1996.
- Cooper, Frederick Colonialism in Question: Theory, Knowledge, History. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005.
- Felice, D., and Renzo ‘Arabi E Medio Oriente Nella Strategia Politica Di Guerra Di Mussolini (1940-1943).’ Storia Contemporanea 17, no. 6 (1986): 1255–1359.
- Felice, D., and Renzo Il Fascismo e l’Oriente: Arabi, Ebrei, e Indiani nella Politica di Mussolini. Bologna: il Mulino, 1988.
- Ferris, J. R. ‘The Road to Bletchley Park: The British Experience with Signals Intelligence, 1892-1945.’ Intelligence and National Security 17, no. 1. (2002): 53–84. 10.1080/02684520412331306410
- Ferris, J. R. Intelligence and Strategy: Selected Essays. London: Routledge, 2005.
- Fiore, M. Anglo-Italian Relations in the Middle East, 1922-1940. Burlington: Ashgate Publishing Company, 2010.
- Fiore, M., ‘Anglo-Italian Armament Trade Competition in Iraq: The Italian Air Force Mission to Iraq, 1937-40.’ The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 40, no. 2 (2012): 263–285. 10.1080/03086534.2012.697614
- Gershoni, I., and J. Jankowski, Confronting Fascism in Egypt: Dictatorship versus Democracy in the 1930s. (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2010
- Gilchrist, J. A. J. “Clouds of Mutual Suspicion’: Neville Chamberlain and Appeasement in the Mediterranean,’ The International History Review Vol 44, No. 2 (2022): 300–317.
- Goeschel, C. Mussolini and Hitler: The Forging of the Fascist Alliance. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2018.
- Goglia, L. ‘Il Mufti e Mussolini: Alcuni documenti diplomatici Italiani sui rapporti tra nazionalismo palestinese e fascismo negli anni trenta.’ Storia Contemporanea 17, no. 5 (1986): 1201–1254.
- Gooch, J. ‘Re-Conquest and Suppression: Fascist Italy’s Pacification of Libya and Ethiopia, 1922-1939.’ The Journal of Strategic Studies 28, no. 6 (2005): 1005–1032. 10.1080/01402390500441024
- Hevia, J. The Imperial Security State: British Colonial Knowledge and empire-building in Asia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.
- Jackson, P., and L. V. Scott (eds.) Understanding Intelligence in the Twenty-First Century: Journeys in Shadows. London: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group, 2004.
- Kallis, A. Fascist Ideology: Territory and Expansionism in Italy and Germany, 1922-1945. New York: Routledge, 2000.
- Knox, M. Common Destiny: Dictatorship, Foreign Policy, and War in Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
- Labanca, N. Oltremare: Storia dell’espansione colonial italiana. Bologna: Il Mulino, 2002.
- Labanca, N. La guerra italiana per la Libia: 1911-1931. Bologna: Il Mulino, 2012.
- MacDonald, Callum A. ‘Radio Bari: Italian Wireless Propaganda in the Middle East and British Countermeasures’. Middle Eastern Studies 13, no. 2 (1977): 195207.2 (1977): 195207.
- Mainwaring, S., and R. J. Aldrich, ‘The Secret Empire of Signals Intelligence; GCHQ and the Persistence of the Colonial Presence.’ The International History Review 43, no. 1 (2021): 54–71. 10.1080/07075332.2019.1675082
- Mathew, W. M. ‘The Balfour Declaration and the Palestine Mandate, 1917-1923: British Imperialist Imperatives.’ British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies 40, no. 3 (2013): 231–250. 10.1080/13530194.2013.791133
- Mazza, R. ‘A Coherent Inconsistency: Italian Cultural Diplomacy in Palestine, 1918-1938. 331–352. In Karene Sanches Summerer and Sary Zananiri (eds.), European Cultural Diplomacy and Arab Christians in Palestine, 1918-1948. London: Palgrave MacMillan, 2021.
- Mohs, P. A. Military Intelligence and the Arab Revolt: The First Modern Intelligence War. London: Routledge, 2008.
- O’Halloran, Erin M. B. “India, the Arabs, and Britain’s Problem in Palestine, 1937-1939.” The International History Review 43, no. 3 (2021), 559.
- Ottolenghi, G. Gli Italiani E Il Colonialismo. I Campi Di Detenzione Italiani in Africa. Milan: SugarCo, 1997.
- Owen, R. ‘British and French Military Intelligence in Syria and Palestine, 1914-1918: Myths and Realities.’ British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies 38, no. 1 (2011): 1–6. 10.1080/13530194.2011.558999
- Pedersen, S. The Guardians: The League of Nations and the Crisis of Empire. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015.
- Pratt, Lawrence. East of Malta, West of Suez: Britain’s Mediterranean Crisis, 1936-1939. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1975.
- Rochat, G. Guerre italiane in Libia e in Etiopia: Studi militari 1921-1939. Treviso: PAGUS, 1991.
- Ryan, E. “Violence and the Politics of Prestige: The Fascist Turn in Colonial Libya.” Modern Italy 20, no. 2 (2015): 123–135. 10.1080/13532944.2015.1024214
- Salerno, Reynolds. Vital Crossroads: Mediterranean Origins of the Second World War, 1935-1940. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2002.
- Satia, P. Spies in Arabia: The Great War and the Cultural Foundations of Britain’s Covert Empire in the Middle East. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.
- Sheffy, Y. British Military Intelligence in the Palestine Campaign, 1914-1918. London: Frank Cass, 1998.
- Sheffy, Y. ‘The Spy Who Never Was: An Intelligence Myth in Palestine 1914-18.’ Intelligence and National Security 14, no. 3 (1999): 123–142. 10.1080/02684529908432555
- Sheffy, Y. ‘British Intelligence and the Middle East 1900-1918 How Much Do We Know?’ Intelligence and National Security 17, no. 1 (2002): 33–52. 10.1080/02684520412331306400
- Sinha, M. “Projecting Power: Empire, Colonies, and World History.” 258–271. D. Northrop (ed.) A Companion to World History. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2012.
- Strang, G. Bruce. On the Fiery March: Mussolini Prepares for War. Westport: Praeger, 2003.
- Strang, G. B. ‘A Mésentente Cordiale: Italian Policy and the Failure of the Easter Accords, 1937-8.’ Diplomacy & Statecraft 32, No. 1 (2021): 31–59. 10.1080/09592296.2021.1883859
- Thomas, M. Empires of Intelligence: Security and Colonial Disorder after 1914. Berkley: University of California Press, 2008.
- Wagner, S. B. Statecraft by Stealth: Secret Intelligence and British Rule in Palestine. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2019.
- Wempe, S. A. Revenants of the German Empire: Colonial Germans, Imperialism, and the League of Nations. New York: Oxford University Press, 2019.
- Williams, M. A. Mussolini’s Propaganda Abroad: Subversion in the Mediterranean and the Middle East, 1935-1940. London: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, 2006.