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Original Articles

War crimes: The security and intelligence dimension

Pages 242-267 | Published online: 02 Jan 2008

Notes

  • 1974 . English Historical Review (EHR , October : 814 – 38 .
  • 1987 . The Secrets of the Service, British Intelligence and Communist Subversion, 1919–51 London
  • 1981 . ‘What Blunt and Philby Did’ . The Listener , 29 October
  • 1982 . ‘The Hollis Letters’ . The Times , 3 April
  • Koebner , T. and Radkau , J. , eds. 1984 . “ ‘Hugh Dalton und Friedrich Stampfer: eine Luecke’ ” . In Exilforschung. Ein Internationales Jahrbuch Vol. 2 , Munich
  • 1985 . ‘Der Fall Otto John’ . Die Welt , 3 January
  • John , Otto . 1985 . The Observer , 6 January
  • Wilson , Andrew . 1985 . ‘The Secret Hunt for Hitler’ . The Observer , 5 May
  • Hall , Richard . 1987 . ‘The Great Molehunt Witchhunt’ . The Observer , 15 March
  • 1987 . ‘Spycatcher, the case for suppression’ . The Times Literary Supplement , 11–17 September
  • 1989 . War Crimes Inquiry Report , 35ff London : HMSO . Cmnd 744,
  • Hinsley , F.H. 1988 . British Intelligence in the Second World War Vol.3 , 671 London Pt.2,
  • Earl and Avon . 1965 . Memoirs; The Reckoning 358 London
  • Elliott , Mark R. 1982 . Pawns of Yalta , University of Illinois Press .
  • Bethell , Nicholas . 1984 . The Great Betrayal London
  • Bower , Tom . 1981 . Blind Eye to Murder 431 London
  • Glees , Anthony . 1987 . The Secrets of the Service 288 – 294 . London
  • Knightley , Philip . 1986 . The Second Oldest Profession 236 London
  • Carson , William . 1977 . The Armies of Ignorance New York
  • Masterman , J. 1968 . The Double Cross System New York
  • Ryan , Allan A. 1984 . Quiet Neighbours New York
  • 1991 . The Observer , 9 June
  • My own interest in internal security matters stems from my graduate work on the SPD in Prussia during the Weimar Republic where I dealt with the activities of the SPD Minister of the Interior, Albert C. Grzesinski, who used the Prussian police to combat both the Nazis and the Communists. This work was published in the English Historical Review (EHR October 1974, 814–38). I subsequently worked on SPD exiles (of whom Grzesinski was one) during the Second World War. This brought me once again into contact with security and intelligence policy since these exiles were not merely brought to Britain by the intelligence services but a number of them also both worked for the intelligence services and were observed by them. Questions that emerged from this study then led to my second book and several articles (The Secrets of the Service, British Intelligence and Communist Subversion, 1919–51 (London, 1987); ‘What Blunt and Philby Did’, The Listener, 29 October 1981; ‘The Hollis Letters’, The Times, 3 April 1982; ‘Hugh Dalton und Friedrich Stampfer: eine Luecke’, in T. Koebner and J. Radkau (eds.), Exilforschung. Ein Internationales Jahrbuch, Vol. 2 (Munich, 1984); ‘Der Fall Otto John’, in Die Welt, 3 January 1985 (with Peter Michalski); ‘Otto John’, in The Observer, 6 January 1985 (with Andrew Wilson); ‘The Secret Hunt for Hitler’, in The Observer, 5 May 1985 (with Richard Hall); ‘The Great Molehunt Witchhunt’, in The Observer, 15 March 1987, and ‘Spycatcher, the case for suppression’, in The Times Literary Supplement, 11–17 September 1987. In the summer of 19881 was asked by the Home Office to become an adviser on the War Crimes Inquiry under Sir Thomas Hetherington and Mr William Chalmers. The Home Office (and, indeed, the Foreign Office who also played a part in my appointment) had known of my book on intelligence and security during the Second World War period and also that I had a particular concern with contemporary German political history. I wrote a 30,000 word report for the Inquiry which was officially designated ‘secret’ on account of material both used and discussed which related to the security service (MI5) and the secret intelligence service (MI6). This report was then ‘sanitized’ and appeared as Chapter Three and part of Chapter Four of the War Crimes Inquiry Report, Cm 744, 1989. Chapter Three was credited to me. Clear reference was, however, made in Chapter Four to a hitherto secret security service investigation ‘Operation Post Report (OPR)’ and to other facts gained from hitherto secret files. I was asked, in my report, to make conclusions and recommendations. One of these was that the material to which I myself had been given access (material which did not include any evidence against specific individuals still alive which could be the subject of legal proceedings) should be placed in the public domain. On 5 June 1991, the Home Secretary's Office wrote to me to tell me that this recommendation had been accepted and that the ‘records of the Inquiry’ would be placed in the Public Record Office. My concern with intelligence and security policy, then, is the concern of an outsider. I have no comprehensive knowledge of the secret world; my understanding of it, such as it is, comes only from a side‐ways vantage point, complemented by interviews and, by the privilege of being able to take an early look at material which should soon be deposited in Kew. Thanks are due to Dr Martin Dean of the War Crimes Inquiry and to Professor D. Cameron Watt, Dr Ken Robertson and others for helpful comments on an earlier draft of this article which was read to a seminar at the London School of Economics.

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