142
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

‘Keeping the Swiss sweet’: Intelligence as a factor in British policy towards Switzerland during the Second World War

Pages 442-467 | Published online: 02 Jan 2008

Notes

  • Read , Anthony and Fisher , David . 1980 . Operation Lucy. Most Secret Spy Ring of the Second World War , London : Hodder .
  • Arsenijevic , Drago . 1981 . Genève appelle Moscou , Paris : Robert Laffont .
  • Andrew , Christopher and Gordievsky , Oleg . 1990 . KGB. The Inside Story of its Foreign Operations from Lenin to Gorbachev , 224 – 5 . London : Hodder .
  • Braunschweig , Pierre . 1989 . Geheimer Draht nach Berlin. Die Nachrichtenlinie Masson‐Schellenberg und der schweizerische Nachrichtendienst im Zweiten Weltkrieg , Zürich : Neue Zürcher Zeitung .
  • Kimche , Jon . 1961 . Spying for Peace. General Guisati and Swiss Neutrality , London : Weidenfeld .
  • Kurz , H.R. 1974 . Nachrichtenzentrum Schweiz. Die Rolle der Schweizer Armee in zwei Weltkriegen , Frauenfeld : Huber .
  • Garlinski , Jozef . 1981 . The Swiss Corridor. Espionage Networks in Switzerland during World War II , London : Dent .
  • Dulles , Allen . 1963 . The Craft of Intelligence , London : Harper & Row .
  • Smith , Bradley and Agarossi , Elena . 1979 . Operation Sunrise. The Secret Surrender , London : André Deutsch .
  • Waibel , Max . 1981 . 1945 Kapitulation in Norditalien. Originalbericht des Vermittlers , Basle : Helbing & Lichtenhahn .
  • Meier , Heinz K. 1984 . ‘Intelligence operations in Switzerland during the Second World War’ . Swiss American Historical Newsletter , Feb. : 21 – 42 .
  • Maugham , W.S. 1928 . Ashendon, or the British Agent 19 London Heinemann, 1976
  • Andrew , Christopher . 1985 . Secret Service: The Making of the British Intelligence Community , 221 – 9 . London : Heinemann .
  • Cecil , Robert . 1987 . “ ‘The Assessment and Acceptance of Intelligence’ ” . In British and American Approaches to Intelligence , Edited by: Robertson , K.G. 168 Basingstoke : Macmillan .
  • 1983 . MI6: British Secret Intelligence Service Operations 1909–1945 , 82 London : Weidenfeld .
  • Andrew . Secret Service 507
  • Read , Anthony and Fisher , David . 1984 . ColonelZ: The Life and Times of a Master of Spies , London : Hutchinson .
  • West . MI6 114
  • Ferris , John . 1995 . ‘Indulged in all too little'?.Vansittart, intelligence and appeasement’ . Diplomacy and Statecraft , 6 ( 1 ) March : 122 – 75 .
  • Griffiths , Frank . 1981 . Winged Hours , 83 – 4 . London : Kimber .
  • Neave , Airey . 1969 . Saturday at MI9 , 49 London : Hodder . Grafton, 1989
  • Burckhardt , Nachlass Carl Jacob B II, 41 . 21 June 1972 . “ ‘Das Verhältnis zu England’ ” . 21 June , Basle : Universitätsbibliothek .
  • Reid , P.A. 1962 . The Winged Diplomat. The Life Story of Air Commodore ‘Freddie’ West , 171 London : Chatto & Windus .
  • Kelly , D.V. 1952 . The Ruling Few: Or the Human Background to Diplomacy , 267 London : Hollis & Carter .
  • Harrison , M.C.C. and Cartwright , H.A. 1930 . Within Four Walls , London : Edward Arnold .
  • Bond , Brian . 1975, 1990 . Britain, France and Belgium 1939–1940 , 46 London : Davis‐Poynter .
  • Hinsley , F.H. 1979–84 . British Intelligence in the Second World War , Vol.1 , 130 London : HMSO .
  • Reid . Winged Diplomat 153 (note 9)
  • Dilks , David , ed. 7 June 1971 . The Diaries of Sir Alexander Cadogan OM 1938–1945 , 7 June , 295 London : Cassell . 1940.
  • Urner , Klaus . 1990 . ’Die Schweiz muss noch geschluckt werden!’ Hitlers Aktionspläne gegen die Schweiz , 92 – 130 . Zürich : Neue Zürcher Zeitung .
  • Medlicott , W.N. 1952 . The Economic Blockade , Vol.2 , 585 – 91 . London : HMSO .
  • Wylie , Neville . 1994 . “ ‘The Riddle of the Swiss’ British policy towards Switzerland 1940–1943 ” . Cambridge Unpub. PhD thesis
  • Inglin , Oswald . 1991 . Der stille Krieg. Der Wirtschaftskrieg zwischen Grossbritannien und der Schweiz, im Zweiten Weltkrieg , Zürich : Neue Zürcher Zeitung .
  • Wylie , Neville . ‘Marcel Pilet‐Golaz, David Kelly and Anglo‐Swiss relations in 1940’ . Diplomacy & Statecraft , forthcoming.
  • Hinsley . British Intelligence Vol. 1 , 207
  • Harvey , Stephen . 1985 . ‘The Italian War Effort and the Strategic Bombing of Italy’ . History‐ , 79 : 32 – 45 .
  • Leonardis , M. de . 1988 . La Gran Bretagna e la resistenza partigiana in Italia , 93 Naples : Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane .
  • Hinsley . British Intelligence Vol. 1 , 276
  • Stafford , David . 1983 . Britain and European Resistance 1940–1945 , 46 – 7 . London : Macmillan .
  • Hinsley . British Intelligence Vol. 1 , 275
  • McKay , C.G. 1993 . From Information to Intrigue. Studies in Secret Service based on the Swedish Experience 1939–1945 , 41 – 153 . London : Frank Cass .
  • Tennant , Sir Peter . 1992 . Touchlines of War , U. of Hull Press .
  • Lomax , Sir John . 1965 . The Diplomatic Smuggler , 121 – 3 . London : Arthur Barker .
  • 1940 . Der Völkische Beobachter , 9 May
  • 1989 . I Documenti Diplomatici Italiani, 1939–1943 , Vol.9 , Rome : Istituto Poligrafico e Zecca della Stato P.V. . No. 452
  • Lomax . Diplomatic Smuggler 151 199 – 201 . (note 24)
  • Martelli , George . 1960 . Agent Extraordinary. The Story of Michel Hollard , 52 68 121 London : Collins .
  • Griffiths . Winged Hours 73 – 9 . (note 8)
  • 1941 . Zurich Cantonal Police to Nachrichtendienst , 11 Aug.
  • Ehinger , Paul . 1991 . “ ‘Eduard von Steiger, 1881–1962’ ” . In Die Schweizer Bundesräte. Ein Biographisch Lexikon , Edited by: Altermatt , Urs . 415 – 19 . Zürich : Artemis & Winkler .
  • 1942 . ‘Die Rückwirkungen des Krieges auf die Zusammensetzung des diplomatischen Corps in Bern’ . Unsigned , 24 April
  • Fuhrer , H.R. 1982 . Spionage gegen die Schweiz. Die geheimen deutschen Nachrichtendienste gegen die Schweiz im Zweiten Weltkrieg 1939–1945 , Frauenfeld : Huber .
  • Bonjour , Edgar . 1970 . Geschichte der schweizerischen Neutralität , Vol.4 , Basle : Helbing & Lichtenhahn .
  • Gautschi , Willi . 1989 . General Henri Guisan. Die schweizerische Armeeführung um Zweiten Weltkrieg , Zürich : Neue Zürcher Zeitung .
  • McKay . From Information to Intrigue 9 – 23 . (note 24)
  • Inglin . Der stille Krieg 140 267 (note 16)
  • Philby , ed. 1969 . “ ‘Kim’ ” . In My Silent War , 62 London : Collins .
  • Cecil , Robert . 1994 . ‘Philby's Spurious War’ . Intelligence & National Security , 9 ( 4 ) Oct. : 764 – 8 .
  • Reid . Winged Diplomat 205 (note 9)
  • Heslop , Richard . 1970 . Xavier , 189 London : Rupert Hart‐Davis .
  • Molden , Fritz . 1978 . Exploding Star. A young Austrian against Hitler , 178 London : Weidenfeld .
  • Grose , Peter . 1994 . The Gentleman Spy. The Life of Allen Dulles , NY : André Deutsch .
  • Brown , A. Cave . 1982 . The Last Hero: Wild BUI Donovan , London : Michael Joseph .
  • Howarth , Patrick . 1986 . Intelligence Chief Extraordinary. The Life of the Ninth Duke of Portland , 106 London : Bodley Head .
  • Kelly . Ruling Few 272 (note 10)
  • Dilks , David . 1984 . “ ‘Flashes of Intelligence’. The Foreign Office, the SIS and Security before the Second World War’ ” . In The Missing Dimension. Governments and Intelligence Communities in the Twentieth Century , Edited by: Andrew , C. and Dilks , D. 101 – 125 . London : Macmillan .
  • Reid . Winged Diplomat 170 – 1 . (note 9)
  • Casey , W. 1988 . The Secret War Against Hitler , 40 – 3 . Washington : Regnery Gateway .
  • Philby . Silent War 62 (note 61)
  • Delzell , C.L. 1961 . Mussolini's Enemies. The Italian anti‐Fascist Resistance , 312 424 Princeton UP .
  • Philby . Silent War 61 – 2 . (note 61)
  • Dulles , Allen . Craft of Intelligence 85 – 6 . (note 3)
  • Wiskemann , Elizabeth . 1968 . The Europe I Saw , London : Collins .
  • Reid . Winged Diplomat 179 ff (note 9)
  • Hinsley . British Intelligence , 3 (ii) 849
  • Hinsley . British Intelligence , 3 (i) 335 343
  • Hollard , Michel and Martelli . Agent Extraordinary 158 – 61 . (note 33)
  • Dippel , John V.H. 1992 . Two against Hitler. Stealing the Nazi's Best‐Kept Secrets , NY : Praeger .
  • The author would like to thank Prof. Christopher Andrew, Dr Zara Steiner (Cambridge), Dr Pierre Braunschweig (Beme) and Dr Peter Jackson (Ottawa) for their comments on early drafts of this article.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.