1,324
Views
28
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Massed sentence repetition training can augment and speed up recovery of speech production deficits in patients with chronic conduction aphasia receiving donepezil treatment

, , , , , & show all

REFERENCES

  • Albert, M. L., Goodglass, H., Helm, N. A., Rubens, A. B., & Alexander, M. P. (1981). Clinical aspects of dysphasia. In G. E. Arnold, F. Winckel, & B. D. Wyke (Eds.), Disorders of human communication. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag.
  • Allen, L., Mehta, S., McClure, J. A., & Teasell, R. (2012). Therapeutic interventions for aphasia initiated more than six months post stroke: A review of the evidence. Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation, 19, 523–535.
  • Arbib, M. A. (2010). Mirror system activity for action and language is embedded in the integration of dorsal and ventral pathways. Brain and Language, 112, 12–24.
  • Ardila, A., & Roselli, M. (1990). Conduction aphasia and verbal apraxia. Journal of Neurolinguistics, 5, 1–14.
  • Asp, A., Cloutier, F., Fay, S., Cook, C., Robertson, M. L., Fisk, J., … Rockwood, K. (2006). Verbal repetition in patients with Alzheimer’s disease who receive donepezil. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 21, 426–431.
  • Barrett, K. M., Brott, T. G., Brown, Jr., R. D., Carter, R. E., Geske, J. R., Graff-Radford, N. R., . . . Meschia, J. F. Mayo Acute Stroke Trial for Enhancing Recovery (MASTER) Study Group. (2011). Enhancing recovery after acute ischemic stroke with donepezil as an adjuvant therapy to standard medical care: Results of a phase IIA clinical trial. Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, 20, 177–182.
  • Basso, A. (2003). Aphasia and its therapy. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Basso, A., Forbes, M., & Boller, F. (2013). Rehabilitation of aphasia. Handbook of Clinical Neurology, 110, 325–334.
  • Basso, A., & Macis, M. (2011). Therapy efficacy in chronic aphasia. Behavioual Neurology, 24, 317–325.
  • Bentley, P., Driver, J., & Dolan, R. J. (2011). Cholinergic modulation of cognition: Insights from human pharmacological functional neuroimaging. Progress in Neurobiology, 94, 360–388.
  • Bernal, B., & Ardila, A. (2009). The role of the arcuate fasciculus in conduction aphasia. Brain, 132, 2309–2316.
  • Berthier, M. L. (2001). Unexpected brain-language relationships in aphasia: Evidence from transcortical sensory aphasia associated with frontal lobe lesions. Aphasiology, 15, 99–130.
  • Berthier, M. L. (2005). Poststroke aphasia: Epidemiology, pathophysiology and treatment. Drugs and Aging, 22, 163–182.
  • Berthier, M. L. (2012). Pharmacological interventions boost language and communication treatment effects in chronic post-stroke aphasia. Presented in the symposium Fortschritte in Neurowissenschaft und Neurorehabilitation der Sprache, 85. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurologie mit Fortbildungsakademie. Hamburg, Germany, Hauptprogramm, p. 23.
  • Berthier, M. L., Dávila, G., García-Casares, N., & Moreno-Torres, I. (2014). Post-stroke aphasia. In T. A. Schweizer & R. L. Macdonald (Eds.), The behavioral consequences of stroke (pp. 95–117, Chapter 6). New York, NY: Springer Science + Business Media.
  • Berthier, M. L., Froudist Walsh, S., Dávila, G., Nabrozidis, A., Juárez y Ruiz de Mier, R., Gutiérrez, A., , . . . Garcia-Casares, N. (in press). Dissociated repetition deficits in aphasia can reflect flexible interactions between left dorsal and ventral streams and gender-dimorphic architecture of the right dorsal stream. Frontiers in Human Neurosciences.
  • Berthier, M. L., & Green, C. (2007). Donepezil improves speed and accuracy of information processing in chronic post-stroke aphasia [abstract P01.012]. Neurology, 68(Suppl. 1), A10.
  • Berthier, M. L., Green, C., Higueras, C., Fernández, I., Hinojosa, J., & Martín, M. C. (2006). A randomized, placebo-controlled study of donepezil in poststroke aphasia. Neurology, 67, 1687–1689.
  • Berthier, M. L., Hinojosa, J., Martín, M.del C., & Fernández, I. (2003). Open-label study of donepezil in chronic poststroke aphasia. Neurology, 60, 1218–1219.
  • Berthier, M. L., Lambon Ralph, M. A., Pujol, J., & Green, C. (2012). Arcuate fasciculus variability and repetition: The left sometimes can be right. Cortex, 48, 133–143.
  • Berthier, M. L., & Pulvermüller, F. (2011). Neuroscience insights improve neurorehabilitation of poststroke aphasia. Nature Review Neurology, 7, 86–97.
  • Berthier, M. L., Pulvermüller, F., Dávila, G., Casares, N. G., & Gutiérrez, A. (2011). Drug therapy of post-stroke aphasia: A review of current evidence. Neuropsychology Review, 21, 302–317.
  • Bhogal, S. K., Teasell, R., & Speechley, M. (2003). Intensity of aphasia therapy, impact on recovery. Stroke, 34, 987–993.
  • Birks, J. (2006). Cholinesterase inhibitors for Alzheimer’s disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 25(1), CD005593.
  • Boban, M., Kostovic, I., & Simic, G. (2006). Nucleus subputaminalis: Neglected part of the basal nucleus of Meynert. Brain, 129, E42.
  • Breathnach, C. S. (2011). Jonathan Osborne (1794–1864) and his recognition of conduction aphasia in 1834. Irish Journal of Medical Sciences, 180, 23–26.
  • Breier, J. I., Juranek, J., & Papanicolaou, A. C. (2011). Changes in maps of language function and the integrity of the arcuate fasciculus after therapy for chronic aphasia. Neurocase, 17, 506–517.
  • Buchsbaum, B. R., Baldo, J., Okada, K., Berman, K. F., Dronkers, N., D’Esposito, M., & Hickok, G. (2011). Conduction aphasia, sensory-motor integration, and phonological short-term memory – an aggregate analysis of lesion and fMRI data. Brain and Language, 119, 19–28.
  • Buckingham, H. W., & Buckingham, S. S. (2011). Is recurrent perseveration a product of deafferented functional systems with otherwise normal post-activation decay rates? Clinical Linguistic and Phonetics, 25, 1066–1073.
  • Caplan, D., & Waters, G. (1992). Issues arising regarding the nature and consequences of conduction aphasia. In S. E. Kohn (Ed.), Conduction aphasia (pp. 117–149). Hove: Lawrence Erlbaum Associated.
  • Cappa, S. F., Benke, T., Clarke, S., Rossi, B., Stemmer, B., van Heugten, C. M., . . . European Federation of Neurological Societies. (2005). EFNS guidelines on cognitive rehabilitation: Report of an EFNS task force. European Journal of Neurology, 12, 665–680.
  • Catani, M., Allin, M. P., Husain, M., Pugliese, L., Mesulam, M. M., Murray, R. M., & Jones, D. K. (2007). Symmetries in human brain language pathways correlate with verbal recall. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 104, 17163–17168.
  • Catani, M., Jones, D. K., & Ffytche, D. H. (2005). Perisylvian language networks of the human brain. Annals of Neurology, 57, 8–16.
  • Catani, M., & Mesulam, M. (2008). The arcuate fasciculus and the disconnection theme in language and aphasia: History and current state. Cortex, 44, 953–961.
  • Catani, M., & Thiebaut de Schotten, M. (2012). Atlas of human brain connections. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Chen, Y., Li, Y. S., Wang, Z. Y., Xu, Q., Shi, G. W., & Lin, Y. (2010). The efficacy of donepezil for post-stroke aphasia: A pilot case control study. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi, 49, 115–118.
  • Cherney, L. (2012). Aphasia treatment: Intensity, dose parameters, and script training. International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 14, 424–431.
  • Cherney, L. R., Erickson, R. K., & Small, S. L. (2010). Epidural cortical stimulation as adjunctive treatment for non-fluent aphasia: Preliminary findings. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 81, 1014–1021.
  • Cherney, L. R., Patterson, J. P., & Raymer, A. M. (2011). Intensity of aphasia therapy: Evidence and efficacy. Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports, 11, 560–569.
  • Cicerone, K. D., Langenbahn, D. M., Braden, C., Malec, J. F., Kalmar, K., Fraas, M., . . . Ashman, T. (2011). Evidence-based cognitive rehabilitation: Updated review of the literature from 2003 through 2008. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 92, 519–530.
  • Cloutman, L. L. (2012). Interaction  between dorsal and ventral processing streams: Where, when and how? Advance online publication. Brain and Language. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2012.08.003
  • Code, C., & Petheram, B. (2011). Delivering for aphasia. International Journal of Speech and Language Pathology, 13, 3–10.
  • Code, C., Torney, A., Gildea-Howardine, E., & Willmes, K. (2010). Outcome of a one month therapy intensive for chronic aphasia: Variable individual responses. Seminars in Speech and Language, 31, 21–33.
  • Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioural sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Corballis, M. C. (2010). Mirror neurons and the evolution of language. Brain and Language, 112, 25–35.
  • Cubelli, R., Foresti, A., & Consolini, T. (1988). Reeducation strategies in conduction aphasia. Journal of Communication Disorders, 21, 239–249.
  • Cum, L., & Ellis, A. W. (1999). Why do some aphasics show an advantage on some tests of nonpropositional (automatic) speech. Brain and Language, 70, 95–118.
  • De Bleser, R., Cubelli, R., & Luzzatti, C. (1993). Conduction aphasia, misrepresentations, and word representations. Brain and Language, 45, 475–494.
  • Dell, G. S., Martin, N., & Schwartz, M. F. (2007). A case-series test of the interactive two-step model of lexical access: Predicting word repetition from picture naming. Journal of Memory and Language, 56, 490–520.
  • Demeter, E., & Sarter, M. (2013). Leveraging the cortical cholinergic system to enhance attention. Neuropharmacology, 64, 294–304.
  • Demeurisse, G., & Capon, A. (1991). Brain activation during a linguistic task in conduction aphasia. Cortex, 27, 285–294.
  • Dick, A. S., & Tremblay, P. (2012). Beyond the arcuate fasciculus: Consensus and controversy in the connectional anatomy of language. Brain, 135, 3529–3550.
  • Duffau, H., Gatignol, P., Moritz-Gasser, S., & Mandonnet, E. (2009). Is the left uncinate fasciculus essential for language? A cerebral stimulation study. Journal of Neurology, 256, 382–389.
  • Ertelt, D., & Binkofski, F. (2012). Action observation as a tool for neurorehabilitation to moderate motor deficits and aphasia following stroke. Neural Regeneration Research, 7, 2063–2074.
  • Fernandez, B., Cardebat, D., Demonet, J. F., Joseph, P. A., Mazaux, J. M., Barat, M., & Allard, M. (2004). Functional MRI follow-up study of language processes in healthy subjects and during recovery in a case of aphasia. Stroke, 35, 2171–2176.
  • FitzGerald, D. B., Crucian, G. P., Mielke, J. B., Shenal, B. V., Burks, D., Womack, K. B., . . . Heilman, K. M. (2008). Effects of donepezil on verbal memory after semantic processing in healthy older adults. Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, 21, 57–64.
  • Foster, P. S., Branch, K. K., Witt, J. C., Giovanneti, T., Libon, D., Heilman, K. M., & Drago, V. (2012). Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors reduce spreading activation in dementia. Neuropsychologia, 50, 2093–2099.
  • Francis, D. R., Clark, N., & Humphreys, G. W. (2003). The treatment of an auditory working memory deficit and the implication for sentence comprehension abilities in mild “receptive” aphasia. Aphasiology, 17, 723–750.
  • Fridriksson, J., Hubbard, H. I., Hudspeth, S. G., Holland, A. L., Bonilha, L., Fromm, D., & Rorden, C. (2012). Speech entrainment enables patients with Broca’s aphasia to produce fluent speech. Brain, 135, 3815–3829.
  • Friederici, A. D., & Gierhan, S. M. (2013). The language network. Current Opinion in Neurobiology. doi:pii:S0959-4388(12)00161-4
  • Gardner, H. E., Lambon Ralph, M. A., Dodds, N., Jones, T., Ehsan, S., & Jefferies, E. (2012). The differential contributions of pFC and temporo-parietal cortex to multimodal semantic control: Exploring refractory effects in semantic aphasia. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 24, 778–793.
  • Gast, D. L., & Ledford, J. (2009). Single  subject research methodogy in behavioral sciences. Taylor & Francis, e-Library.
  • Geschwind, N. (1965). Disconnection syndromes in animals and man. Brain, 88, 237–294, 585–644.
  • Geva, S., Correia, M., & Warburton, E. A. (2011). Diffusion tensor imaging in the study of language and aphasia. Aphasiology, 25, 543–558.
  • Gierhan, S. M. (2013). Connections for auditory language in the human brain. Brain and Language. doi:pii:S0093-934X(12)00202-7
  • Gold, B. T., & Kertesz, A. (2001). Phonologically related lexical repetition disorder: A case study. Brain and Language, 77, 241–265.
  • Gotts, S. J., Incisa della Rocchetta, A., & Cipolotti, L. (2002). Mechanisms underlying perseveration in aphasia: Evidence from a single case study. Neuropsychologia, 40, 1930–1947.
  • Gotts, S. J., & Plaut, D. C. (2002). The impact of synaptic depression following brain damage: A connectionist account of “access/refractory” and “degraded-store” semantic impairments. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 2, 187–213.
  • Gotts, S. J., & Plaut, D. C. (2004). Connectionist approaches to understanding aphasic perseveration. Seminars in Speech and Language, 25, 323–334.
  • Grady, D., Cummings, S. R., & Hulley, S. B. (2001). Designing an experiment: Clinical trials II. In S. B. Huley, S. R. Cummings, W. S. Browner, D. Grady, N. Hearst, & T. B. Newman (Eds.), Designing clinical research (pp. 157–174, Chapter 11). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
  • Gratton, C., Nomura, E. M., Pérez, F., & D’Esposito, M. (2012). Focal brain lesions to critical locations cause widespread disruption of the modular organization of the brain. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 24, 1275–1285.
  • Gvion, A., & Friedmann, N. (2012). Phonological short-term memory in conduction aphasia. Aphasiology, 26, 579–614.
  • Harnish, S. M., Neils-Strunjas, J., Lamy, M., & Eliassen, J. (2008). Use of fMRI in the study of chronic aphasia recovery after therapy: A case study. Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation, 15(5), 468–483.
  • Harvey, D. Y., Wei, T., Ellmore, T. M., Hamilton, C., & Schnur, T. T. (2013). Neuropsychological evidence for the functional role of the uncinate fasciculus in semantic control. Neuropsychologia, 51, 789–801.
  • Hebb, D. O. (1949). The organization of behavior. New York, NY: Wiley.
  • Hickok, G., Houde, J., & Rong, F. (2011). Sensorimotor integration in speech processing: Computational basis and neural organization. Neuron, 69, 407–422.
  • Hickok, G., & Poeppel, D. (2007). The cortical organization of speech processing. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 8, 393–402.
  • Hong, J. M., Shin, D. H., Lim, T. S., Lee, J. S., & Huh, K. (2012). Galantamine administration in chronic post-stroke aphasia. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 83, 675–680.
  • Hughes, J. D., Jacobs, D. H., & Heilman, K. M. (2000). Neuropharmacology and linguistic neuroplasticity. Brain and Language, 71, 96–101.
  • Husain, M., & Mehta, M. A. (2011). Cognitive enhancement by drugs in health and disease. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 15, 28–36.
  • Iacoboni, M., Woods, R. P., Brass, M., Bekkering, H., Mazziotta, J. C., & Rizzolatti, G. (1999). Cortical mechanisms of human imitation. Science, 286, 2526–2528.
  • Jefferies, E., Crisp, J., & Lambon Ralph, M. A. (2006). The impact of phonological or semantic impairment on delayed auditory repetition: Evidence from stroke aphasia and semantic dementia. Aphasiology, 20, 963–992.
  • Jefferies, E., Sage, K., & Ralph, M. A. (2007). Do deep dyslexia, dysphasia and dysgraphia share a common phonological impairment? Neuropsychologia, 45, 1553–1570.
  • Junceda, L. (1981). 150 Famosos Dichos del Idioma Castellano. Madrid: Susaeta Ediciones.
  • Kalinyak-Fliszar, M., Kohen, F., & Martin, N. (2011). Remediation of language processing in aphasia: Improving activation and maintenance of linguistic representations in (verbal) short-term memory. Aphasiology, 25(10), 1095–1131.
  • Kay, J., Lesser, R., & Coltheart, M. (1992). Psycholinguistic assessments of language processing in aphasia (PALPA). Hove: Lawrence Erlbaum Associated.
  • Kertesz, A. (1982). The Western aphasia battery. New York, NY: Grune & Stratton.
  • Kertesz, A. (1984). Recovery from aphasia. In F. Clifford Rose (Ed.), Advances in neurology. Volume 42. Progress in aphasiology (pp. 23–39). New York, NY: Raven Press.
  • Keysers, C., Kohler, E., Umiltà, M. A., Nanetti, L., Fogassi, L., & Gallese, V. (2003). Audiovisual mirror neurons and action recognition. Experimental Brain Research, 153, 628–636.
  • Kleim, J. A., & Jones, T. A. (2008). Principles of experience-dependent neural plasticity: Implications for rehabilitation after brain damage. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 51, S225–S239.
  • Klein, R. B., & Albert, M. L. (2004). Can drug therapies improve language functions of individuals with aphasia? A review of the evidence. Seminars in Speech and Language, 25, 193–204.
  • Koening-Bruhin, M., & Studer-Eichenberger, F. (2007). Therapy of short-term memory disorders in fluent aphasia: A single case study. Aphasiology, 21, 448–458.
  • Kohler, E., Keysers, C., Umiltà, M. A., Fogassi, L., Gallesse, V., & Rizzolatti, G. (2002). Hearing sounds, understanding actions: Action representation in mirror neurons. Science, 297, 846–848.
  • Kohn, S. E. (1992). Conduction Aphasia. Hove: Lawrence Erlbaum Associated.
  • Kohn, S. E., Smith, K. L., & Alexander, M. P. (1996). Differential recovery from impairment to the phonological lexicon. Brain and Language, 52, 129–149.
  • Kohn, S. E., Smith, K. L., & Arsenault, J. K. (1990). The remediation of conduction aphasia via sentence repetition. British Journal of Disorders of Communication, 25, 45–60.
  • Laska, A. C., Hellblom, A., Murray, V., Kahan, T., & Von Arbin, M. (2001). Aphasia in acute stroke and relation to outcome. Journal of Internal Medicine, 249, 413–422.
  • Lee, J., Fowler, R., Rodney, D., Cherney, L., & Small, S. L. (2010). IMITATE: An intensive computer-based treatment for aphasia based on action observation and imitation. Aphasiology, 24, 449–465.
  • Léger, A., Démonet, J. F., Ruff, S., Aithamon, B., Touyeras, B., Puel, M., . . . Cardebat, D. (2002). Neural substrates of spoken language rehabilitation in an aphasic patient: An fMRI study. NeuroImage, 17, 174–183.
  • López-Barroso, D., Catani, M., Ripollés, P., Dell’acqua, F., Rodríguez-Fornells, A., & de Diego-Balaguer, R. (2013). Word learning is mediated by the left arcuate fasciculus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 110, 13168–13173.
  • Luria, A., Naydyn, V. L., Tsvetkova, L. S., & Vinarskaya, E. N. (1969). Restoration of higher cortical function following local brain damage. In P. J. Vinken & G. W. Bruyn (Eds.), Handbook of clinical neurology (pp. 368–433). Amsterdam: North-Holland.
  • Majerus, S. (2013). Language repetition and short-term memory: An integrative framework. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00357
  • Majerus, S., Attout, L., D’Argembeau, A., Degueldre, C., Fias, W., Maquet, P., . . . Balteau, E. (2012). Attention supports verbal short-term memory via competition between dorsal and ventral attention networks. Cerebral Cortex, 22, 1086–1097.
  • Majerus, S., van der Kaa, M.-A., Renard, C., Van der Linden, M., & Poncelet, M. (2005). Treating verbal short-term memory deficits by increasing the duration of temporary phonological representations: A case study. Brain and Language, 95, 174–175.
  • Marchina, S., Zhu, L. L., Norton, A., Zipse, L., Wan, C. Y., & Schlaug, G. (2011). Impairment of speech production predicted by lesion load of the left arcuate fasciculus. Stroke, 42, 2251–2256.
  • Martins, I. P., Leal, G., Fonseca, I., Farrajota, L., Aguiar, M., Fonseca, J., . . . Ferro, J. M. (2013). A randomized, rater-blinded, parallel trial of intensive speech therapy in sub-acute post-stroke aphasia: The SP-I-R-IT study. International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders, 48, 421–431.
  • Martin, N. (1996). Models of deep dysphasia. Neurocase, 2, 73–80.
  • Martin, N., & Saffran, E. M. (2002). The relationship of input and output phonological processing: An evaluation of models and evidence to support them. Aphasiology, 16, 107–150.
  • Martin, N., Saffran, E. M., & Dell, G. S. (1994). Recovery in deep dysphasia: Evidence for a relation between auditory-verbal STM capacity and lexical errors in repetition. Brain and Language, 52, 83–113.
  • Martin, N., Saffran, E. M., & Dell, G. S. (1996). Recovery in deep dysphasia: Evidence for a relation between auditory-verbal STM capacity and lexical errors in repetition. Brain and Language, 52, 83–113.
  • McCarthy, R., & Warrington, E. K. (1984). A two-route model of speech production: Evidence from aphasia. Brain, 107, 463–485.
  • McCarthy, R. A., & Warrington, E. K. (1987). The double dissociation of short-term memory for lists and sentences: Evidence from aphasia. Brain, 110, 1545–1563.
  • McNamara, P., & Albert, M. L. (2004). Neuropharmacology of verbal perseveration. Seminars in Speech and Language, 25, 309–321.
  • Meltzer, J. A., Wagage, S., Ryder, J., Solomon, B., & Braun, A. R. (2013). Adaptive significance of right hemisphere  activation in aphasic language comprehension. Neuropsychologia, 51, 1248–1259
  • Mesulam, M. M. (2004). The cholinergic innervation of the human cerebral cortex. Progress in Brain Research, 145, 67–78.
  • Mesulam, M. M., Mash, D., Hersh, L., Bothwell, M., & Geula, C. (1992). Cholinergic innervation of the human striatum, globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, substantia nigra, and red nucleus. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 323, 252–268.
  • Nadeau, S. E. (2001). Phonology: A review and proposals from a connectionist perspective. Brain and Language, 79, 511–579.
  • Nicholas, L. E., & Brookshire, R. H. (1993). A system for quantifying the informativiness and efficiency of the connected speech of adults with aphasia. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 36, 338–350.
  • Nucifora, P. G. P., Verma, R., Melhem, E. R., Gur, R. E., & Gur, R. C. (2005). Leftward asymmetry in relative fiber density of the arcuate fasciculus. NeuroReport, 16, 791–794.
  • Peschke, C., Ziegler, W., Kappes, J., & Baumgaertner, A. (2009). Auditory-motor integration during fast repetition: The neuronal correlates of shadowing. NeuroImage, 47, 392–402.
  • Picciotto, M. R., Higley, M. J., & Mineur, Y. S. (2012). Acetylcholine as a neuromodulator: Cholinergic signalling shapes nervous system function and behaviour. Neuron, 76, 116–129.
  • Pulvermüller, F., & Berthier, M. L. (2008). Aphasia therapy on a neuroscience basis. Aphasiology, 22, 563–599.
  • Pulvermüller, F., Neininger, B., Elbert, T., Mohr, B., Rockstroh, B., Koebbel, P., & Taub, E. (2001). Constraint-induced therapy of chronic aphasia after stroke. Stroke, 32, 1621–1626.
  • Ramanathan, D., Tuszynski, M. H., & Conner, J. M. (2009). The basal forebrain cholinergic system is required specifically for behaviorally mediated cortical map plasticity. The Journal of Neuroscience, 29, 5992–6000.
  • Ricciardi, E., Handjaras, G., Bernardi, G., Pietrini, P., & Furey, M. L. (2013). Cholinergic enhancement reduces functional connectivity and BOLD variability in visual extrastriate cortex during selective attention. Neuropharmacology, 64, 305–313.
  • Rijntjes, M., Weiller, C., Bormann, T., & Musso, M. (2012). The dual loop model: Its relation to language and other modalities. Frontiers in Evolutionary Neuroscience, 4, 9. doi:10.3389/fnevo.2012.00009
  • Robey, R. R. (1998). A meta-analysis of clinical outcomes in the treatment of aphasia. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 41, 172–187.
  • Robson, H., Keidel, J. L., Ralph, M. A., & Sage, K. (2012). Revealing and quantifying the impaired phonological analysis underpinning impaired comprehension in Wernicke’s aphasia. Neuropsychologia, 50, 276–288.
  • Robson, H., Sage, K., & Ralph, M. A. (2012). Wernicke’s aphasia reflects a combination of acoustic-phonological and semantic control deficits: A case-series comparison of Wernicke’s aphasia, semantic dementia and semantic aphasia. Neuropsychologia, 50, 266–275.
  • Rockwood, K., Fay, S., Jarrett, P., & Asp, E. (2007). Effect of galantamine on verbal repetition in AD. A secondary analysis of the VISTA trial. Neurology, 68, 1116–1121.
  • Rorden, C. (2005). MRIcron. Retrieved from http:/www.mccauslandcenter.sc.edu/mricro/mricron 
  • Sage, K., Snell, C., & Lambon Ralph, M. A. (2011). How intensive does anomia therapy for people with aphasia need to be? Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 21, 26–41.
  • Salis, C. (2012). Short-term memory treatment: Patterns of learning and generalisation to sentence comprehension in a person with aphasia. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 22, 428–448.
  • Sarter, M., Bruno, J. P., & Givens, B. (2003). Attentional functions of cortical cholinergic inputs: What does it mean for learning and memory? Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 80, 245–256.
  • Sarter, M., Hasselmo, M. E., Bruno, J. P., & Givens, B. (2005). Unraveling the attentional functions of cortical cholinergic inputs: Interactions between signal-driven and cognitive modulation of signal detection. Brain Research Brain Research Reviews, 48, 98–111.
  • Saur, D., Kreher, B. W., Schnell, S., Kümmerer, D., Kellmeyer, P., Vry, M. S., . . . Weiller, C. (2008). Ventral and dorsal pathways for language. Proceeding of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 105, 18035–18040.
  • Schlaug, G., Marchina, S., & Norton, A. (2009). Evidence for plasticity in white-matter tracts of patients with chronic Broca’s aphasia undergoing intense intonation-based speech therapy. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1169, 385–394.
  • Selden, N. R., Gitelman, D. R., Salamon-Murayama, N., Parrish, T. B., & Mesulam, M. M. (1998). Trajectories of cholinergic pathways within the cerebral hemispheres of the human brain. Brain, 121, 2249–2257.
  • Shallice, T., & Warrington, E. K. (1977). Auditory-verbal short-term memory impairment and conduction aphasia. Brain and Language, 4, 479–491.
  • Sharp, D. J., Turkheimer, F. E., Bose, S. K., Scott, S. K., & Wise, R. J. S. (2010). Increased frontoparietal integration after stroke and cognitive recovery. Annals of Neurology, 68, 753–756.
  • Shisler, R. J., Baylis, G. S., & Frank, E. M. (2000). Pharmacological approaches to the treatment and prevention of aphasia. Aphasiology, 14, 1163–1186.
  • Simić, G., Mrzljak, L., Fucić, A., Winblad, B., Lovrić, H., & Kostović, I. (1999). Nucleus subputaminalis (Ayala): The still disregarded magnocellular component of the basal forebrain may be human specific and connected with the cortical speech area. Neuroscience, 89, 73–89.
  • Small, S. L., Buccino, G., & Solodkin, A. (2010). The mirrow neuron system and treatment of stroke. Developmental Psychobiology, 54, 293–310.
  • Small, S. L., & Llano, D. A. (2009). Biological approaches to aphasia treatment. Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports, 9, 443–450.
  • Song, X., Dornbos, 3rd, D., Lai, Z., Zhang, Y., Li, T., Chen, H., & Yang, Z. (2011). Diffusion tensor imaging and diffusion tensor imaging-fibre tractography depict the mechanisms of Broca-like and Wernicke-like conduction aphasia. Neurological Research, 33, 529–535.
  • Sparks, R., Helm, N., & Albert, M. (1974). Aphasia rehabilitation resulting from melodic intonation therapy. Cortex, 10, 303–316.
  • Stahl, B., Henseler, I., Turner, R., Geyer, S., & Kotz, S. A. (2013). How to engage the right brain hemisphere in aphasics without even singing: Evidence for two paths of speech recovery. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 7, 35. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00035
  • Tanaka, Y., Albert, M. L., Fujita, K., Nonaka, C., & Yokoyama, E. (2006). Treating perseverations improves naming in aphasia. Brain and Language, 99, 218–219.
  • Taylor Sarno, M. (1998). Recovery and rehabilitation in aphasia. In M. Taylor Sarno (Ed.), Acquired aphasia (pp. 595–619). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
  • Ueno, T., Saito, S., Rogers, T. T., & Lambon Ralph, M. A. (2011). Lichtheim 2: Synthesizing aphasia and the neural basis of language in a neurocomputational model of the dual dorsal-ventral language pathways. Neuron, 72, 385–396.
  • Valle, F., & Cuetos, F. (1995). EPLA: Evaluación del Procesamiento Lingüísticos en la Afasia. Hove: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Varley, R. (2011). Rethinking aphasia therapy: A neuroscience perspective. International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 13, 11–20.
  • Weiller, C., Bormann, T., Saur, D., Musso, M., & Rijntjes, M. (2011). How the ventral pathway got lost: And what its recovery might mean. Brain and Language, 118, 29–39.
  • Weiller, C., Isensee, C., Rijntjes, M., Huber, W., Müller, S., Bier, D., . . . Diener, H. C. (1995). Recovery from Wernicke’s aphasia: A positron emission tomographic study. Annals of Neurology, 37, 723–732.
  • Wernicke, C. (1906). Der aphasische Symptomencomplex. In E. von Leyden & F. Klemperer (Eds.), Die deutsche Klinik am Eingange des 20: Jahrhunderts (Vol. 6, pp. 487–556)). Berlin: Urban and Schwarzenberg.
  • Wernicke, C. (1977). Wernicke’s works on aphasia: A sourcebook and review (pp. 91–145) [Der aphasische Symptomencomplex. Eine psychologische Studie auf anatomischer Basis] (G. H. Eggert, Trans.). New York, NY: Mouton (Original work published 1874).
  • Whyte, E. M., Lenze, E. J., Butters, M., Skidmore, E., Koenig, K., Dew, M. A., . . . Munin, M. C. (2008). An open-label pilot study of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors to promote functional recovery in elderly cognitively impaired stroke patients. Cerebrovascular Diseases, 26, 317–321.
  • Wilshire, C. E., & Fisher, C. A. (2004). “Phonological” dysphasia: A cross-modal phonological impairment affecting repetition, production, and comprehension. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 21, 187–210.
  • Zipse, L., Norton, A., Marchina, S., & Schlaug, G. (2012). When right is all that is left: Plasticity of right-hemisphere tracts in a young aphasic patient. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1252, 237–245.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.