Identifying the components of a successful spoken naming therapy: a meta-analysis of word-finding interventions for adults with aphasia

References

• Abel, S., Weiller, C., Huber, W., & Willmes, K. (2014). Neural underpinnings for model-oriented therapy of aphasic word production. Neuropsychologia, 57, 154–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.03.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abel, S., Willmes, K., & Huber, W. (2007). Model-oriented naming therapy: Testing predictions of a connectionist model. Aphasiology, 21(5), 411--447. https://doi.org/10.1080/02687030701192687
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adrian, J. A., Gonzalez, M., Buiza, J. J., & Sage, K. (2011). Extending the use of Spanish Computer-assisted Anomia Rehabilitation Program (CARP-2) in people with aphasia. Journal of Communication Disorders, 44(6), 666–677. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomdis.2011.06.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agresti, A. (2010). Analysis of ordinal categorical data (2nd ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Altmann, L. J. P., Hazamy, A. A., Carvajal, P. J., Benjamin, M., Rosenbek, J. C., & Crosson, B. (2014). Delayed stimulus-specific improvements in discourse following anomia treatment using an intentional gesture. Journal of Speech, Language, & Hearing Research, 57(2), 439–454. https://doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2013/12-0224)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baddeley, A. & Wilson, B. A. (1994). When implicit learning fails: Amnesia and the problem of error elimination. Neuropsychologia, 32(1), 53--68. https://doi.org/10.1016/0028-3932(94)90068-X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beeson, P. M., & Robey, R. R. (2006). Evaluating single-subject treatment research: lessons learned from the aphasia literature. Neuropsychology Review, 16(4), 161–169. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11065-006-9013-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Best, W., Greenwood, A., Grassly, J., & Hickin, J. (2008). Bridging the gap: can impairment‐based therapy for anomia have an impact at the psycho‐social level? International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, 43(4), 390–407. https://doi.org/10.1080/13682820701608001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Best, W., Sze, W. P., Edmundson, A., & Nickels, L. (2019). What counts as evidence? Swimming against the tide: valuing both clinically informed experimentally controlled case series and randomized controlled trials in intervention research. Evidence-based Communication Assessment and Intervention, 13(3), 107–135. https://doi.org/10.1080/17489539.2019.1597444
   Google Scholar
• Beukelman, D. R., & Mirenda, P. Eds., 2013. Augmentative and alternative communication: Supporting children and adults with complex communication needs. 4th ed. ChelseaPaul H. Brookes Publishing Co, Inc
   Google Scholar
• Bhogal, S. K., Teasell, R., & Speechley, M. (2003). Intensity of aphasia therapy, impact on recovery. Stroke, 34(4), 987–993. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.0000062343.64383.D0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biedermann, B., & Nickels, L. (2008). The representation of homophones: more evidence from the remediation of anomia. Cortex, 44(3), 276–293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2006.07.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biel, M., Nitta, L., & Jackson, C. (2018). Understanding motivation in aphasia rehabilitation. In P. Coppens & J. Patterson (Eds.), Aphasia rehabilitation: Clinical challenges (pp. 393–495). Jones & Barlett Learning.
   Google Scholar
• Borenstein, M., Hedges, L. V., Higgins, J. P. T., & Rothstein, H. R. (2009). Introduction to meta-analysis. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
   Google Scholar
• Boyle, M. (2004). Semantic feature analysis treatment for anomia in two fluent aphasia syndromes. American Journal of Speech Language Pathology, 13(3), 236–249. https://doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360(2004/025)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyle, M. (2010). Semantic feature analysis treatment for aphasic word retrieval impairments: what’s in a name? Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation, 17(6), 411–422. https://doi.org/10.1310/tsr1706-411
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyle, M. (2017). Semantic treatments for word and sentence production deficits in aphasia. Seminars in Speech and Language, 38(1), 52–61. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1597256
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyle, M., & Coelho, C. A. (1995). Application of semantic feature analysis as a treatment for aphasic dysnomia. American Journal of Speech Language Pathology, 4(4), 94–98. https://doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360.0404.94
   Google Scholar
• Brady, M. C., Kelly, H., Godwin, J., Enderby, P., & Campbell, P. (2016). Speech and language therapy for aphasia following stroke. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 6, CD000425. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD000425.pub4
   Google Scholar
• Breiman, L. (1999). Random forest – Random features. (Technical Report 567). Retrieved from August 1, 2018, https://www.stat.berkeley.edu/~breiman/random-forests.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Breiman, L. (2001). Random forests. Machine Learning, 45(1), 5–32. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010933404324
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Breiman, L., Friedman, J. H., Olshen, R. A., & Stone, C. J. (1984). Classification and regression trees. Wadsworth International Group.
   Google Scholar
• Bureau, A., Dupuis, J., Falls, K., Lunetta, K. L., Hayward, B., Keith, T. P., & Van Eerdewegh, P. (2005). Identifying SNPs predictive of phenotype using random forests. Genetic Epidemiology, 28(2), 171–182. https://doi.org/10.1002/gepi.20041
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caramazza, A., & Hillis, A. E. (1991). Lexical organization of nouns and verbs in the brain. Nature, 349(6312), 788–789. https://doi.org/10.1038/349788a0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casarin, F. S., Branco, L., Pereira, N., Kochhann, R., Gindri, G., & Fonseca, R. P. (2014). Rehabilitation of lexical and semantic communicative impairments: an overview of available approaches. Dementia & Neuropsychologia, 8(3), 266–277. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-57642014DN83000011
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Coelho, C. A., McHugh, R. E., & Boyle, M. (2000). Semantic feature analysis as a treatment for aphasic dysnomia: a replication. Aphasiology, 14(2), 133–142. https://doi.org/10.1080/026870300401513
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conroy, P., Sage, K., & Lambon Ralph, M. A. (2009a). A comparison of word versus sentence cues as therapy for verb naming in aphasia. Aphasiology, 23(4), 462–482. https://doi.org/10.1080/02687030802514920
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conroy, P., Sage, K., & Lambon Ralph, M. A. (2009b). Errorless and errorful therapy for verb and noun naming in aphasia. Aphasiology, 23(11), 1311–1337. https://doi.org/10.1080/02687030902756439
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conroy, P., Sage, K., & Lambon Ralph, M. (2009c). Improved vocabulary production after naming therapy in aphasia: can gains in picture naming generalise to connected speech? International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, 44(6), 1036–1062. https://doi.org/10.3109/13682820802585975
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conroy, P., Sage, K., & Lambon Ralph, M. A. (2009d). The effects of decreasing and increasing cue therapy on improving naming speed and accuracy for verbs and nouns in aphasia. Aphasiology, 23(6), 707–730. https://doi.org/10.1080/02687030802165574
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conroy, P., & Scowcroft, J. (2012). Decreasing cues for a dynamic list of noun and verb naming targets: A case-series aphasia therapy study. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 22(2), 295–318. https://doi.org/10.1080/09602011.2011.641434
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conroy, P., Sotiropoulou Drosopoulou, C., Humphreys, G. F., Halai, A.D., Lambon Ralph, M. A. (2018). Time for a quick word? The striking benefits of training speed and accuracy of word retrieval in post-stroke aphasia. Brain, 141(6), 1815--1827. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awy087
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cowan, N. (2008). What are the differences between long-term, short-term, and working memory? In W. S. Sossin J.-C. Lacaille V. F. Castellucci, & S. Belleville (Eds.), Progress in brain research: The essence of memory (Vol.169, pp. 323–338). Elsevier/Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Croft, S., Marshall, J., Pring, T., & Hardwick, M. (2011). Therapy for naming difficulties in bilingual aphasia: Which language benefits? International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders, 46(1), 48–62. https://doi.org/10.3109/13682822.2010.484845
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Croot, K., Taylor, C., Abel, S., Jones, K., Krein, L., Hameister, I., Ruggero, L., & Nickels, L. (2015). Measuring gains in connected speech following treatment for word retrieval: A study with two participants with primary progressive aphasia. Aphasiology, 29(11), 1265–1288. https://doi.org/10.1080/02687038.2014.975181
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Aguiar, V., Bastiaanse, R., & Miceli, G. (2016). Improving production of treated and untreated verbs in aphasia: A meta-analysis. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 10, 468. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2016.00468
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Jong-Hagelstein, M., van de Sandt-Koenderman, W. M. E., Prins, N. D., Dippel, D. W., Koudstaal, P. J., & Visch-Brink, E. G. (2011). Efficacy of early cognitive-linguistic treatment and communicative treatment in aphasia after stroke: A randomised controlled trial (RATS-2). Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 82(4), 399--404. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.2010.210559
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dechene, L., Tousignant, M., Boissy, P., Macoir, J., Heroux, S., Hamel, M., Briere, S., & Page, C. (2011). Simulated in-home teletreatment for anomia. International Journal of Telerehabilitation, 3(2), 3–10. https://doi.org/10.5195/IJT.2011.6075
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• DeLong, C., Nessler, C., Wright, S., & Wambaugh, J. (2015). Semantic feature analysis: further examination of outcomes. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 24(4), S864–879. https://doi.org/10.1044/2015_AJSLP-14-0155
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Carlo, L. M. (1980). Language recovery in aphasia: effect of systematic filmed programmed instruction. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 61(1), 41–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Druks, J., & Masterson, J. (2000). An Object and Action Naming Battery. Psychology Press.
   Google Scholar
• Edmonds, L. A., Mammino, K., & Ojeda, J. (2014). Effect of Verb Network Strengthening Treatment (VNeST) in Persons With Aphasia: Extension and Replication of Previous Findings. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 23(2), S312--329. https://doi.org/10.1044/2014_AJSLP-13-0098
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellis, C., Hardy, R. Y., Lindrooth, R. C., & Peach, R. K. (2018). Rate of aphasia among stroke patients discharged from hospitals in the United States. Aphasiology, 32(9), 1075–1086. https://doi.org/10.1080/02687038.2017.1385052
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fillingham, J., Sage, K., & Lambon Ralph, M. (2005). Further explorations and an overview of errorless and errorful therapy for aphasic word-finding difficulties: The number of naming attempts during therapy affects outcome. Aphasiology, 19(7), 597--614. https://doi.org/10.1080/02687030544000272
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grossman, M. 2014. Anomia. M. J. Aminoff & R. B. Daroff Eds., 2014 Encyclopedia of the neurological sciences: volume 1. 2nd ed. 194–197.Academic Press
   Google Scholar
• Hall, J. A., & Rosenthal, R. (1995). Interpreting and evaluating meta-analysis. Evaluation & the Health Professions, 18(4), 393–407. https://doi.org/10.1177/016327879501800404
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harnish, S. M., Morgan, J., Lundine, J. P., Bauer, A., Singletary, F., Benjamin, M. L., Gonzalez Rothi, L. J., & Crosson, B. (2014). Dosing of a cued picture naming treatment for anomia. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 23(2), S285–S299. https://doi.org/10.1044/2014_AJSLP-13-0081
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartung, J., Knapp, G., & Sinha, B. K. (2008). Statistical meta-analysis with applications. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Hashimoto, N. (2012). The use of semantic- and phonological-based feature approaches to treat naming deficits in aphasia. Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics, 26(6), 518–553. https://doi.org/10.3109/02699206.2012.663051
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hashimoto, N. (2016). The use of one or three semantic associative primes in treating anomia in aphasia. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 25(4S), S665–S686. https://doi.org/10.1044/2016_AJSLP-15-0085
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hatfield, F. M., & Zangwill, O. L. (1974). Ideation in aphasia: the picture-story method. Neuropsychologia, 12(3), 389–393. https://doi.org/10.1016/0028-3932(74)90055-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Helm-Estabrooks, N., & Albert, M. L. (2004). Manual of aphasia and aphasia therapy (2nd ed. ed.). Pro-Ed.
   Google Scholar
• Hendricks, C. T., Nicholas, M. L., & Zipse, L. (2014). Effects of phonological neighbourhood on the treatment of naming in aphasia. Aphasiology, 28(3), 338–358. https://doi.org/10.1080/02687038.2013.866209
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hermansen, S. W. (2008, March). Evaluating predictive models: Computing and interpreting the c statistic [Paper presentation]. SAS Global Forum 2008, Texas, United States of America. https://support.sas.com/resources/papers/proceedings/pdfs/sgf2008/143-2008.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Hickin, J., Best, W., Herbert, R., Howard, D., & Osborne, F. (2002). Phonological therapy for word-finding difficulties: A re-evaluation. Aphasiology, 16(10/11), 981–999. https://doi.org/10.1080/02687030244000509
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffmann, T., Glasziou, P., Boutron, I., Milne, R., Perera, R., Moher, D., Altman, D. G., Barbour, V., Macdonald, H., Johnston, M., Lamb, S. E., Dixon-Woods, M., McCulloch, P., Wyatt, J. C., Chan, A.-W., & Michie, S. (2014). Better reporting of interventions: Template for intervention description and replication (TIDieR) checklist and guide. BMJ, 348(mar07 3), g1687. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.g1687
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hothorn, T., Hornik, K., Strobl, C., & Zeileis, A. (2019). Package ‘party’: A laboratory for recursive partytioning. (Version 1.3-3) [Software package]. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/party/
   Google Scholar
• Howard, D., & Hatfield, F. M. (1987). Aphasia therapy: historical and contemporary issues. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Ltd.
   Google Scholar
• Howard, D., Patterson, K., Franklin, S., Orchard-Lisle, V., & Morton, J. (1985). Treatment of word retrieval deficits in aphasia: A comparison of two therapy methods. Brain, 108(4), 817--829. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/108.4.817
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Humphreys, L. G. (1978). Doing research the hard way: substituting analysis of variance for a problem in correlation analysis. Journal of Educational Psychology, 70(6), 873–876. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.70.6.873
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacquemot, C., Dupoux, E., Robotham, L., & Bachoud-Lévi, A.-C. (2012). Specificity in rehabilitation of word production: a meta-analysis and a case study. Behavioural Neurology, 25(2), 73–101. https://doi.org/10.3233/BEN-2012-0358
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaplan, E., Goodglass, H., & Weintraub, S. (2001). Boston Naming Test (2nd ed. ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
   Google Scholar
• Kendall, M. G. (1938). A new measure of rank correlation. Biometrika, 30(1/2), 81–93. https://doi.org/10.2307/2332226
   Google Scholar
• Kiran, S. (2008). Typicality of inanimate category exemplars in aphasia treatment: Further evidence for semantic complexity. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 51(6), 1550–1568. https://doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2008/07-0038)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kiran, S., & Johnson, L. (2008). Semantic complexity in treatment of naming deficits in aphasia: Evidence from well-defined categories. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 17(4), 389–400. https://doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360(2008/06-0085)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kiran, S., & Thompson, C. K. (2003). The role of semantic complexity in treatment of naming deficits: Training semantic categories in fluent aphasia by controlling exemplar typicality. Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research, 46(4), 773–787. https://doi.org/1092-4388/03/4604-0773
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuhn, M. (2008). Building predictive models in R Using the caret package. Journal of Statistical Software, 28(5), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v028.i05
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuhn, M. (2018). caret (Version 6.0-81) [Software package]. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. https://github.com/topepo/caret/
   Google Scholar
• Leonard, C., Rochon, E., & Laird, L. (2008). Treating naming impairments in aphasia: Findings from a phonological components analysis treatment. Aphasiology, 22(9), 923–947. https://doi.org/10.1080/02687030701831474
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liaw, A., & Wiener, M. (2018). Package randomForest: Breiman and Cutler’s random forests for classification and regression (Version 4.6-14) [Software package]. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/randomForest/
   Google Scholar
• Lipsey, M. W., & Wilson, D. B. (2001). Practical meta-analysis. Sage Publications, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Lorenz, A., & Nickels, L. (2007). Orthographic cueing in anomic aphasia: How does it work? Aphasiology, 21(6–8), 670–686. https://doi.org/10.1080/02687030701192182
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Macoir, J., Routhier, S., Simard, A., & Picard, J. (2012). Maintenance and generalization effects of semantic and phonological treatments of anomia: A case study. Communication Disorders Quarterly, 33(2), 119–128. https://doi.org/10.1177/1525740110387412
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marcotte, K., Adrover-Roig, D., Damien, B., de Préaumont, M., Généreux, S., Hubert, M., & Ansaldo, A. I. (2012). Therapy-induced neuroplasticity in chronic aphasia. Neuropsychologia, 50(8), 1776–1786. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.04.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin, N. (2013). Disorders of word production. In I. Papathanasiou, P. Coppens, & C. Potagas (Eds.), Aphasia and related neurogenic communication disorders (pp. 131–155). Jones & Barlett Learning.
   Google Scholar
• Mason, C., Nickels, L., McDonald, B., Moses, M., Makin, K., & Taylor, C. (2011). Treatment of word retrieval impairments in aphasia: Evaluation of a self-administered home programme using personally chosen words. Aphasiology, 25(2), 245–268. https://doi.org/10.1080/02687038.2010.489258
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsuki, K., Kuperman, V., & Van Dyke, J. A. (2016). The Random Forests statistical technique: an examination of its value for the study of reading. Scientific Studies of Reading, 20(1), 20–33. https://doi.org/10.1080/10888438.2015.1107073
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Menke, R., Meinzer, M., Kugel, H., Deppe, M., Baumgärtner, A., Schiffbauer, H., Thomas, M., Kramer, K., Lohmann, H., Flöel, A., Knecht, S., & Breitenstein, C. (2009). Imaging short- and long-term training success in chronic aphasia. BMC Neuroscience, 10(1), 118. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2202-10-118
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., & Altman, D. G., & The PRISMA Group. (2009). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS Medicine, 6(7), e1000097. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan, J. N., & Sonquist, J. A. (1963). Problems in the analysis of survey data, and a proposal. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 58(302), 415–434. https://doi.org/10.2307/2283276
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morley, S. (2018). Single case methods in clinical psychology. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Murdoch, B. E. (1990). Acquired speech and language disorders: A neuroanatomical and functional neurological approach. Chapman and Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Nickels, L. (2002). Therapy for naming disorders: revisiting, revising, and reviewing. Aphasiology, 16(10–11), 935–979. https://doi.org/10.1080/02687030244000563
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nickels, L., & Best, W. (1996a). Therapy for naming disorders (Part I): principles, puzzles and progress. Aphasiology, 10(1), 21–47. https://doi.org/10.1080/02687039608248397
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nickels, L., & Best, W. (1996b). Therapy for naming disorders (Part II): Specifics, surprises and suggestions. Aphasiology, 10(2), 109–136. https://doi.org/10.1080/02687039608248401
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norris, D. (2017). Short-term memory and long-term memory are still different. Psychological Bulletin, 143(9), 992–1009. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000108
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Off, C. A., Griffin, J. R., Spencer, K. A., & Rogers, M. A. (2016). The impact of dose on naming accuracy with persons with aphasia. Aphasiology, 30(9), 983–1011. https://doi.org/10.1080/02687038.2015.1100705
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olsen, E., Freed, D. B., & Marshall, R. C. (2012). Generalisation of personalised cueing to enhance word finding in natural settings. Aphasiology, 26(5), 618–631. https://doi.org/10.1080/02687038.2012.676851
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pulvermüller, F., Neininger, B., Elbert, T., Mohr, B., Rockstroh, B., Koebbel, P., & Taub, E. (2001). Constraint-induced therapy of chronic aphasia after stroke. Stroke, 32(7), 1621–1626. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.32.7.1621
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R Core Team (2019). R: A language and environment for statistical computing [Computer software]. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. http://www.R-project.org
   Google Scholar
• Rider, J. D., Wright, H. H., Marshall, R. C., & Page, J. L. (2008). Using semantic feature analysis to improve contextual discourse in adults with aphasia. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 17(2), 161–172. https://doi.org/1058-0360/08/1702-0161
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rose, M., & Douglas, J. (2001). The differential facilitatory effects of gesture and visualisation processes on object naming in aphasia. Aphasiology, 15(10–11), 977–990. https://doi.org/10.1080/02687040143000339
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rose, M., & Douglas, J. (2008). Treating a semantic word production deficit in aphasia with verbal and gesture methods. Aphasiology, 22(1), 20–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/02687030600742020
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Routhier, S., Bier, N., & Macoir, J. (2015). The contrast between cueing and/or observation in therapy for verb retrieval in post-stroke aphasia. Journal of Communication Disorders, 54, 43–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomdis.2015.01.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Routhier, S., Bier, N., & Macoir, J. (2016). Smart tablet for smart self-administered treatment of verb anomia: two single-case studies in aphasia. Aphasiology, 30(2–3), 269–289. https://doi.org/10.1080/02687038.2014.973361
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sage, K., Snell, C., & Lambon Ralph, M. A. (2011). How intensive does anomia therapy for people with aphasia need to be? Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 21(1), 26–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/09602011.2010.528966
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shadish, W. R., Rindskopf, D. M., & Hedges, L. V. (2008). The state of the science in the meta-analysis of single-case experimental designs. Evidence-based Communication Assessment and Intervention, 2(3), 188–196. https://doi.org/10.1080/17489530802581603
   Google Scholar
• Shah, A. D., Barlett, J. D., Carpenter, J., Nicolas, O., & Hemingway, H. (2014). Comparison of random forest and parametric imputation models for imputing missing data using MICE: a CALIBER study. American Journal of Epidemiology, 179(6), 764–774. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwt312
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silkes, J. P., Dierkes, K. E., & Kendall, D. L. (2013). Masked repetition priming effects on naming in aphasia: a phase I treatment study. Aphasiology, 27(4), 381–397. https://doi.org/10.1080/02687038.2012.745475
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snell, C., Sage, K., & Lambon Ralph, M. A. (2010). How many words should we provide in anomia therapy? A meta-analysis and a case series study. Aphasiology, 24(9), 1064–1094. https://doi.org/10.1080/02687030903372632
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinberg, D. (n. d.). Rules of thumb when working with small data samples. Salford Systems. Retrieved from https://www.salford-systems.com/blog/dan-steinberg/rules-of-thumb-when-working-with-small-data-samples
   Google Scholar
• Strobl, C., Boulesteix, A.-L., Zeileis, A., & Hothorn, T. (2007). Bias in random forest variable importance measures: illustrations, sources and a solution. BMC Bioinformatics, 8(1), 25. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-8-25
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strobl, C., Hothorn, T., & Zeileis, A. (2009). Party on! A new, conditional variable importance measure for random forests available in the party package. The R Journal, 1(2), 14–17. https://doi.org/10.32614/RJ-2009-013
   Google Scholar
• Tagliamonte, S. A., & Baayen, R. H. (2012). Models, forests, and trees of York English: was/were variation as a case study for statistical practice. Language Variation and Change, 24(2), 135–178. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954394512000129
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tesak, J., & Code, C. (2008). Milestones in the history of aphasia: Theories and protagonists. Psychology Press.
   Google Scholar
• The importance of no evidence. [editorial]. (2019 March). Nature Human Behavior, 3(3), 197. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-019-0569-7
   Google Scholar
• van Hees, S., Angwin, A., McMahon, K., & Copland, D. (2013). A comparison of semantic feature analysis and phonological components analysis for the treatment of naming impairments in aphasia. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 23(1), 102–132. https://doi.org/10.1080/09602011.2012.726201
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vigliocco, G., Vinson, D. P., Druks, J., Barber, H., & Cappa, S. F. (2011). Nouns and verbs in the brain: A review of behavioural, electrophysiological, neuropsychological and imaging studies. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 35(3), 407–426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.04.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Villard, S., & Kiran, S. (2017). To what extent does attention underlie language in aphasia? Aphasiology, 31(10), 1226–1245. https://doi.org/10.1080/02687038.2016.1242711
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vitali, P., Tettamanti, M., Abutalebi, J., Ansaldo, A.-I., Perani, D., Cappa, S. F., & Joanette, Y. (2010). Generalization of the effects of phonological training for anomia using structural equation modelling: Amultiple single-case study. Neurocase, 16(2), 93–105. https://doi.org/10.1080/13554790903329117
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vitevitch, M. S., Chan, K. Y., & Roodenrys, S. (2012). Complex network structure influences processing in long-term and short-term memory. Journal of Memory and Language, 67(1), 30–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2012.02.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wallace, S. E. & Kimelman, M. D. Z. (2013). Generalization of word retrieval following semantic feature treatment. NeuroRehabilitation, 32(4), 899–913. https://doi.org/10.3233/NRE-130914
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wallace, S. J., Worrall, L., Rose, T., Le Dorze, G., Breitenstein, C., Hilari, K., Babbitt, E., Bose, A., Brady, M., Cherney, L. R., Copland, D., Cruice, M., Enderby, P., Hersh, D., Howe, T., Kelly, H., Kiran, S., Laska, A.-C., Marshall, J., Nicholas, M., … Webster, J. (2019). A core outcome set for aphasia treatment research: the ROMA consensus statement. International Journal of Stroke, 14(2), 180–185. https://doi.org/10.1177/1747493018806200
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wambaugh, J. L., Mauszycki, S., & Wright, S. (2014). Semantic feature analysis: Application to confrontation naming of actions in aphasia. Aphasiology, 28(1), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/02687038.2013.845739
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warren, S. F., Fey, M. E., & Yoder, P. J. (2007). Differential treatment intensity research: A missing link to creating optimally effective communication interventions. Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews, 13(1), 70–77. https://doi.org/10.1002/mrdd.20139
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Webster, J., & Whitworth, A. (2012). Treating verbs in aphasia: exploring the impact of therapy at the single word and sentence levels. International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, 47(6), 619–636. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-6984.2012.00174.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wei, C.-L., Rowe, G. T., Escobar-Briones, E., Boetius, A., Soltwedel, T., Caley, M. J., Soliman, Y., Huettmann, F., Qu, F., Yu, Z., Pitcher, C. R., Haedrich, R. L., Wicksten, M. K., Rex, M. A., Baguley, J. G., Sharma, J., Danovaro, R., MacDonald, I. R., Nunnally, C. C., Deming, J. W., … Narayanaswamy, B. E. (2010). Global patterns and predictions of seafloor biomass using random forests. PloS One, 5(12), e15323. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0015323
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weill-Chounlamountry, A., Capelle, N., Tessier, C., & Pradat-Diehl, P. (2013). Multimodal therapy of word retrieval disorder due to phonological encoding dysfunction. Brain Injury, 27(5), 620–631. https://doi.org/10.3109/02699052.2013.767936
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilssens, I., Vandenborre, D., van Dun, K., Verhoeven, J., Visch-Brink, E., & Marien, P. (2015). Constraint-induced aphasia therapy versus intensive semantic treatment in fluent aphasia. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 24(2), 281--294. https://doi.org/10.1044/2015_AJSLP-14-0018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wisenburn, B., & Mahoney, K. (2009). A meta-analysis of word-finding treatments for aphasia. Aphasiology, 23(11), 1338–1352. https://doi.org/10.1080/02687030902732745
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woolf, C., Caute, A., Haigh, Z., Galliers, J., Wilson, S., Kessie, A., Hirani, S., Hegarty, B., & Marshall, J. (2016). A comparison of remote therapy, face to face therapy and an attention control intervention for people with aphasia: a quasi-randomised controlled feasibility study. Clinical Rehabilitation, 30(4), 359–373. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269215515582074
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright, H. H., & Fergadiotis, G. (2012). Conceptualising and measuring working memory and its relationship to aphasia. Aphasiology, 26(3/4), 258–278. https://doi.org/10.1080/02687038.2011.604304
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright, H. H., Marshall, R. C., Wilson, K. B., & Page, J. L. (2008). Using a written cueing hierarchy to improve verbal naming in aphasia. Aphasiology, 22(5), 522–536. https://doi.org/10.1080/02687030701487905
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar