When reading a sentence is easier than reading a ‘little’ word: The role of production processes in deep dyslexics' reading aloud

References

• Andreewsky , E. and Seron , X. 1975 . Implicit processing of grammatical rules in a classical case of agrammatism . Cortex , 11 : 379 – 390 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bertarneri , M. 1994 . Recupero E Sostegno Linguistico , Vol. 3 , Erickson .
   Google Scholar
• Bock , K. and Levelt , W. J. M. 1994 . “ Language production: grammatical encoding ” . In Handbook of Psyholinguistics , Edited by: Gernsbacher , M. A. 945 – 984 . San Diego : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Breedin , S. and Martin , R. 1996 . Patterns of verb impairment in aphasia: an analysis of four cases . Cognitive Neuropsychology , 13 : 51 – 91 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buchanan , L. , Hildebrandt , N. and Mackinnon , G. E. 1994 . Phonological processing of nonwords in deep dyslexics: a rowse is implicitly a rose . The Journal of Neurolinguistics , 8 : 163 – 181 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coltheart , M. 1978 . “ Lexical access in simple reading tasks ” . In Strategies of Information Processing , Edited by: Underwood , G. 151 – 216 . London : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Coltheart , M. 1987a . “ Deep dyslexia: a review of the syndrome ” . In Deep Dyslexia , second edition , Edited by: Coltheart , M. , Patterson , K. and Marshall , J. C. 22 – 47 . London : Routledge & Kegan Paul .
   Google Scholar
• Coltheart , M. 1987b . “ Deep Dyslexia: a right-hemisphere hypothesis ” . In Deep Dyslexia , second edition , Edited by: Coltheart , M. , Patterson , K. and Marshall , J. C. 326 – 380 . London : Routledge & Kegan Paul .
   Google Scholar
• Coltheart , M. , Patterson , K. and Marshall , J. C. , eds. 1987 . Deep Dyslexia , second edition , London : Routledge & Kegan Paul .
   Google Scholar
• Dell , G. S. 1991 . Effects of frequency and vocabulary type on phonological speech errors . Language and Cognitive Processes , 5 : 313 – 349 .
   Google Scholar
• Dell , G. , Schwartz , M. F. , Martin , N. , Saffran , E. and Gagnon , D. 1997 . Lexical access in aphasic and non-aphasic speakers . Psychological Review , 104 : 801 – 838 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fromkin , V. 1987 . The lexicon: evidence from acquired dyslexia . Language , 63 : 1 – 22 .
   Google Scholar
• Garrett , M. F. 1976 . “ Syntactic processes in sentence production ” . In New Approaches to Language Mechanisms , Edited by: Wales , R. J. and Walker , E. C. T. Amsterdam : North Holland .
   Google Scholar
• Garrett , M. F. 1982 . “ Production of speech: observations from normal and pathological language use ” . In Normalio and Pathology in Cognitive Functions , Edited by: Ellis , A. W. 19 – 76 . London : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Gorsuch , R. 1991 . UniMult For univariate and multivariate data analysis. Version 1.1 , Altadena, CA : UniMult .
   Google Scholar
• Hildebrandt , N. and Sokol , S. 1993 . Implicit sublexical phonological processing in an acquired dyslexic patient . Reading and Writing , 5 : 43 – 68 .
   Google Scholar
• Hinton , G. E. , Plaut , D. C. and Shallice , T. 1993 . Simulating Brain Damage . Scientific American , 269 : 76 – 82 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jones , G. V. 1985 . Deep dyslexia, imageability and ease of predication . Brain and Language , 24 : 1 – 19 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kay , J. , Lesser , R. and Coltheart , M. 1992 . Psycholinguistic Assessments of Language Processing in Aphasia PALPA , UK : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates .
   Google Scholar
• Kempen , G. and Hoenkamp , E. 1987 . An incremental procedural grammar for sentence formulation . Cognitive Science , 11 : 201 – 258 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LaPointe , S. and Dell , G. 1989 . “ A synthesis of some recent work in language production ” . In Linguistic Structure and Language Processing , Edited by: Carlson , G. and Tannenhaus , M. 107 – 156 . Dordrecht : Kluwer .
   Google Scholar
• Levelt , W. J. M. 1989 . Speaking: From Intention to Articulation , Cambridge, MA : MIT Press .
   Google Scholar
• Low , A. A. MD. 1931 . A case of agrammatism in the english language . Archives of Neurolog and Psychiatry , 25 : 556 – 597 .
   Google Scholar
• Marin , O. S. M. , Saffran , E. M. and Schwartz , M. F. Dissociation of language in aphasia: implications for normal function . Paper presented at the New York Academy of Sciences Conference on Origins and Evolution of Language and Speech .
   Google Scholar
• Martin , N. and Saffran , E. M. 1997 . Language and auditory-verbal short-term memory impairment: Evidence for common underlying processes . Cognitive Neuropsychology , 14 : 641 – 682 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miceli , G. , Laudanna , A. and Burani , C. 1991 . Batteria per l'esame dei deficit afasici , Milan : Associazione per lo sviluppo delle ricerche neuropsicologiche .
   Google Scholar
• Miceli , G. , Silveri , M. C. , Romani , C. and Caramazza , A. 1989 . Variation in the pattern of omissions and substitutions of grammatical morphemes in the spontaneous speech of so-called agrammatic patients . Brain and Language , 36 : 447 – 492 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moody , S. 1988 . The Moyer reading technique re-evaluated . Cortex , 24 : 473 – 476 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morton , J. and Patterson , K. 1980 . “ Little words-No! ” . In Deep Dyslexia , Edited by: Coltheart , M. , Patterson , K. and Marshall , J. C. London : Routledge & Kegan Paul .
   Google Scholar
• Moyer , S. B. 1979 . Rehabilitation of alexia: a case study . Cortex , 15 : 139 – 144 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nespoulosus , J.-L. and Dordain , M. 1990 . “ Agrammatism: a disruption of the phonological processing of grammatical morphemes? ” . In Morphology, Phonology, and Aphasia , Edited by: Nespoulous , J.-L. and Villiard , P. 270 – 277 . New York : Springer-Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Nespoulous , J.-L. , Dordain , M. , Perron , C. , Ska , B. , Bub , D. , Caplan , D. , Mehler , J. and Lecours , A. R. 1988 . Agrammatism in sentence production without comprehension deficits: reduced availability of syntactic structures and/or of grammatical morphemes? A case study . Brain and Language , 33 : 273 – 295 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patterson , K. E. 1979 . What is right with “deep” dyslexic patients? . Brain and Language , 8 : 111 – 129 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plaut , D. C. 1995 . Double dissociation without modularity: evidence from connectionist neuropsychology . Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology; Special Issue on Modularity and the Brain , 17 : 291 – 321 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richardson , J. T. E. 1975 . The effects of word imageability in acquired dyslexia . Neuropsychologia , 13 : 281 – 288 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saffran , E. M. , Bogyo , L. C. , Schwartz , M. F. and Marin , O. S. M. 1980 . “ Does deep dyslexia reflect right-hemisphere reading? ” . In Deep Dyslexia , Edited by: Coltheart , M. , Patterson , K. and Marshall , J. C. 381 – 406 . London : Routledge & Kegan Paul .
   Google Scholar
• Saffran , E. M. , Schwartz , M. F. , Linebarger , M. , Martin , N. and Bochetto , P. 1989 . Philadelphia Comprehension Battery for Aphasia , University of Temple . Unpublished Test
   Google Scholar
• Shallice , T. and Warrington , E. K. 1975 . Word Recognition in a phonemic dyslexic patient . Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology , 27 : 187 – 199 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tuomainen , J. and Laine , M. 1991 . Multiple oral rereading technique in rehabilitation of pure alexia . Aphasiology , 5 : 401 – 409 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vigliocco , G. , Antonini , T. and Garrett , M. 1997 . Grammatical gender is on the tip of Italian tongues . Psychological Science , 8 : 314 – 317 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiederholt , J. L. and Bryant , B. R. 1986 . Gray Oral Reading Test (Revised) , Austin, TX : Pro-Ed .
   Google Scholar