Notes
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- Roy , O. 1994 . The Failure of Political Islam , Edited by: Volk , C. 89 – 107 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
- Gellner , E. 1970 . ‘A pendulum swing theory of Islam,’ . The Philosophical Forum , 2 ( 2 ) : 234 – 244 .
- Binder , L. 1988 . Islamic Liberalism: A Critique of Development Ideologies , 81 Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
- Lewis , B. 1976 . ‘The return of Islam,’ . Commentary , 61 ( 1 ) : 39 – 49 .
- Burgat , F. 1993 . The Islamic Movement in North Africa , Austin : Center of Middle Eastern Studies, University of Texas .
- Bagder , A. A. 1994 . “ ‘Contemporary Islamic movements in the Arab World’ ” . In Islam, Globalization and Postmodernity , Edited by: Ahmed , S. A. London : Routledge .
- Gellner , E. 1992 . Postmodernism, Reason & Religion , London : Routledge .
- Perlmutter , A. 1992 . ‘Wishful thinking about Islam fundamentalism,’ . The Washington Post , 22 January
- Al‐Azmeh , A. 1993 . Islams and Modernities , London : Verso .
- Marty , M. E. and Appleby , R. S. 1992 . The Glory and the Power: The Fundamentalist Challenge to the Modern World , 129 – 210 . Boston : Beacon Press .
- Kepel , G. 1984 . Muslim Extremism in Egypt: The Prophet and Pharaoh , Berkeley : University of California Press .
- Hourani , A. 1991 . Islam in European Thought , New York : Cambridge University Press .