TERATOLOGY IN EUNOTIA TAXA IN THE GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS NATIONAL PARK AND DESCRIPTION OF EUNOTIA MACROGLOSSA SP. NOV.

REFERENCES

• ALLES , E. , NÖRPEL-SCHEMPP , M. and LANGE-BERTALOT , H. 1991 . Taxonomy and ecology of characteristic Eunotia species in headwaters with low electric conductivity . Nova Hedwigia , 53 : 171 – 213 .
   Google Scholar
• BACON , J. R. and MAAS , R. P. 1979 . Contamination of Great Smoky Mountains Trout Streams by Exposed Anakeesta Formations . Journal of Environmental Quality , 8 ( 4 ) : 538 – 543 .
   Google Scholar
• CANTONATI , M. , BERTUZZI , E. , CORRADINI , G. , MARCHETTO , A. and TOLOTTI , M. Achnanthes acidoclinata Lange-Bert and associated species as indicators of very low alkalinity high mountain freshwater environments . 17th International Diatom Symposium . pp. 20 Ottawa, , Canada Book of abstracts
   Google Scholar
• CANTONATI , M. , GERECKE , R. and BERTUZZI , E. 2006 . Springs of the Alps—sensitive ecosystems to environmental change: from biodiversity assessments to long-term studies . Hydrobiologia , 562 : 59 – 96 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CARPENTER , K. D. and WAITE , I. R. 2000 . Relations of habitat-specific algal assemblages to land use and water chemistry in the Willamette Basin, Oregon . Environmental Monitoring and Assessment , 64 ( 1 ) : 247 – 257 .
   Google Scholar
• CATTANEO , A. , COUILLARD , Y. , WUNSAM , S. and COURCELLES , M. 2004 . Diatom taxonomic and morphological changes as indicators of metal pollution and recovery in Lac Dufault (Québec, Canada) . Journal of Paleolimnology , 32 : 163 – 175 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CLEMENTS , W. H. , BROOKS , M. L. , KASHIAN , D. R. and ZUELLIG , R. E. 2008 . Changes in dissolved organic material determine exposure of stream benthic communities . Global Change Biology , 14 ( 9 ) : 2201 – 2214 .
   Google Scholar
• DEBENEST , T. , SILVESTRE , J. , COSTE , M. , DELMAS , F. and PINELLI , E. 2008 . Herbicide effects on freshwater benthic diatoms: Induction of nucleus alterations and silica cell wall abnormalities . Aquatic Toxicology , 88 : 88 – 94 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeNICOLA , D. M. 2000 . A review of diatoms found in highly acidic environments . Hydrobiologia , 433 ( 1-3 ) : 111 – 122 .
   Google Scholar
• DIXIT , S. S. , SMOL , J. P. , KINGSTON , J. C. and CHARLES , D. F. 1992 . Diatoms—Powerful indicators of environmental change . Environmental Science and Technology , 26 ( 1 ) : 22 – 33 .
   Google Scholar
• DOKA , S. E. , McNICOL , D. K. , MALLORY , M. L. , WONG , I. , MINNS , C. K. and YAN , N. D. 2003 . Assessing potential for recovery of biotic richness and indicator species due to changes in acidic deposition and lake pH in five areas of southeastern Canada . Environmental Monitoring and Assessment , 88 : 53 – 101 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FLUM , T. and NODVIN , S. C. 1995 . Factors affecting streamwater chemistry in the Great Smoky Mountains, U.S.A . Water, Air and Soil Pollution , 85 : 1707 – 1712 .
   Google Scholar
• GENSEMER , R. W. 1990 . Role of aluminum and growth rate on changes in cell size and silica content of silica-limited populations of Asterionella ralfsii var. americana (Bacillariophyceae) . Journal of Phycology , 26 : 250 – 258 .
   Google Scholar
• GENSEMER , R. W. and PLAYLE , R. C. 1999 . The bioavailability and toxicity of aluminum in aquatic environments . Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology , 29 ( 4 ) : 315 – 450 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GRIFFITH , M. B. , HILL , B. H. , HERLIHY , A. T. and KAUFMANN , P. R. 2002 . Multivariate analysis of periphyton assemblages in relation to environmental gradients in Colorado rocky mountain streams . Journal of Phycology , 38 : 83 – 95 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HAMMARSTROM , J. M. , SEAL , R. R. II , MEIER , A. L. and JACKSON , J. C. 2003 . Weathering of sulfidic shale and copper mine waste: secondary minerals and metal cycling in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Tennessee, and North Carolina, USA . Environmental Geology , 45 : 35 – 57 .
   Google Scholar
• HIRST , H. , JÜTTNER , I. and ORMEROD , S. J. 2002 . Comparing the responses of diatoms and macro-invertebrates to metals in upland streams of Wales and Cornwall . Freshwater Biology , 47 : 1752 – 1765 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JOHANSEN , J. R. , LOWE , R. L. , CARTY , S. , FUČIKOVÁ , K. , OLSEN , C. E. , FITZPATRICK , M. H. , RESS , J. R. and FUREY , P. C. 2007 . New algal species records for the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, U.S.A., with an annotated checklist of all reported algal species for the park . Southeastern Naturalist, Special Issue , 1 : 99 – 134 .
   Google Scholar
• JOHNSON , D. W. and LINDBERG , S. E. 1992 . Atmospheric Deposition and Forest Nutrient Cycling: A Synthesis of Integrated Forest Study. , 707 New York, NY : Springer-Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• KRAMMER , K. and LANGE-BERTALOT , H. 1991 . “ Bacillariophyceae 3. Teil. Centrales, Fragilariaceae, Eunotiaceae ” . In Süsswasserflora von Mitteleuropa , Edited by: Ettl , H. , Gerloff , J. , Heynig , H. and Mollenhauer , D. Vol. Band 2/3 , 1 – 576 . Stuttgart : Gustav Fischer Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• KRAMMER , K. and LANGE-BERTALOT , H. 2000 . “ Bacillariophyceae 5. English and French translation of the keys ” . In Süßwasserflora von Mitteleuropa , Edited by: Büdel , B. , Gärtner , G. , Krienitz , L. and Lokhorst , G. M. Vol. 2/5 , 311 Heidelberg-Berlin : Spektrum Akademischer Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• LANGE-BERTALOT , H. , CAVACINI , P. , TAGLIAVENTI , N. and ALFINITO , S. 2003 . “ Diatoms of Sardinia. Rare and 76 New Species in Rock Pools and Other Ephemeral Waters ” . In Iconographia Diatomologica , Vol. 12 , 438 Königstein, , Germany : Koeltz Scientific Books .
   Google Scholar
• LANGE-BERTALOT , H. and METZELTIN , D. 1996 . “ Indicators of Oligotrophy ” . In Iconographia Diatomologica , Edited by: Lange-Bertalot , H. Vol. 2 , 390 Koenigstein, , Germany : Koeltz Scientific Books .
   Google Scholar
• LOWE , R. L. and PAN , Y. 1996 . “ Benthic algal communities as biological monitors ” . In Algal Ecology: Freshwater Benthic Ecosystems , Edited by: Stevenson , R. J. , Bothwell , M. and Lowe , R. L. Vol. 1 , 705 – 739 . New York, NY. : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• LYNCH , J. A. , BOWERSOX , V. C. and GRIMM , J. W. 2000 . Changes in sulfate deposition in eastern USA following implementation of Phase I of Title IV of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 . Atmospheric Environment , 34 ( 11 ) : 1665 – 1680 .
   Google Scholar
• McFARLAND , B. H. , HILL , B. H. and WILLINGHAM , W. T. 1997 . Abnormal Fragilaria spp. (Bacillariophyceae) in streams impacted by mine drainage . Journal of Freshwater Ecology , 12 ( 1 ) : 141 – 149 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKNIGHT , D. M. , KIMBALL , B. A. and BENCALA , K. E. 1988 . Iron photoreduction and oxidation in an acidic mountain stream . Science , 240 : 637 – 640 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• METZELTIN , D. and LANGE-BERTALOT , H. 1998 . “ Tropical diatoms of South America ” . In Iconographia Diatomologica--Annotated Diatom Micrographs , Edited by: Lange-Bertatalot , H. Vol. 5 , 695 Königstein, , Germany : Koeltz Scientific Books .
   Google Scholar
• MORIN , S. , DUONG , T. T. , HERLORY , E. , FEURTET-MAZEL , A and COSTE , M. 2008a . Cadmium toxicity and bioaccumulation in freshwater biofilms . Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology , 54 : 173 – 186 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MORIN , S. , DUONG , T. T. , DABRIN , A. , COYNEL , A. , HERLORY , O. , BAUDRIMONT , M. , DELMAS , F. , GURRIEU , G. , SCHÄFER , J. , WINTERTON , P. , BLANC , G. and COSTE , M. 2008b . Long-term survey of heavy-metal pollution, biofilm contamination and diatom community structure in the Riou Mort watershed, South-West France . Environmental Pollution , 151 : 532 – 542 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NATIONAL PARK SERVICE . 2005 . Briefing statement: Air Quality at the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. , National Park Service . Air Resources Division. 5 April, 2005
   Google Scholar
• NODVIN , S. C. , VAN MIEGROET , H. V. , LINDBERG , S. E. , NICHOLAS , N. S. and JOHNSON , D. W. 1995 . Acidic deposition, ecosystem processes, and nitrogen saturation in a high elevation Southern Appalachian Watershed . Water, Air and Soil Pollution , 85 : 1647 – 1652 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PLANAS , D. 1996 . “ Acidification effects ” . In Algal Ecology: Freshwater Benthic Ecosystems , Edited by: Stevenson , R. J. , Bothwell , M. and Lowe , R. L. Vol. 1 , 499 – 530 . New York, NY : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• POSTEK , M. T. , HOWARD , K. S. , JOHNSON , A. H. and McMICHAEL , K. L. 1980 . Scanning electron microscopy. A student's handbook. , 305 Burlington, VT : Ladd Research Industries Inc. .
   Google Scholar
• ROBINSON , R. B. , BARNETT , T. W. , HARWELL , G. R. , MOORE , S. E. , KULP , M. and SCHWARTZ , J. S. 2008 . pH and acid anion time trends in different elevation ranges in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park . Journal of Environmental Engineering , 134 ( 9 ) : 800 – 808 .
   Google Scholar
• ROUND , F. E. , CRAWFORD , R. M. and MANN , D. G. 1990 . The Diatoms. Biology and morphology of the genera. , 747 Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• SCHMITT-JANSEN , M. and ALTENBURGER , R. 2005 . Toxic effects of isoproturon on periphyton communities—a microcosm study . Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. , 62 ( 3 ) : 539 – 545 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SEAL , R. R. II. , SCHULTZ , A. P. , HAFFNER , D. P. and MEIER , A. L. 1999 . Water quality and inorganic chemistry of Icewater Spring and Mount Le Conte Spring, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Tennessee and North Carolina. USGS Open-File Report 99–375
   Google Scholar
• SHUBZDA , J. , LINDBERG , S. E. , GARTEN , C. T. and NODVIN , S. C. 1995 . Elevational trends in the fluxes of sulphur and nitrogen in throughfall in the Southern Appalachian mountains: some surprising results . Water, Air and Soil Pollution , 85 : 2265 – 2270 .
   Google Scholar
• SMITH , T. and MANOYLOV , K. 2007 . Diatom deformities from an acid mine drainage site at Friendship Hills national historical site, Pennsylvania . Journal of Freshwater Ecology , 22 ( 3 ) : 521 – 527 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SOUTHWORTH , S. , CHIRICO , P. G. and PUTBRESE , T. 2005 . Digital Geologic Map of Parts of the Cades Cove and Calderwood Quadrangles, Tennessee and North Carolina, Great Smoky Mountains National Park. USGS Open File Report 99–175
   Google Scholar
• STEVENSON , R. J. and PAN , Y. 1999 . “ Assessing environmental conditions in rivers and streams with diatoms ” . In The Diatoms: Applications for the Environmental and Earth Sciences , Edited by: Stoermer , E. F. and Smol , J. P. 11 – 40 . Cambridge, , U.K : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• USEPA [U.S. Environmental Protection Agency] . 2002 . National Recommended Water Quality Criteria Office of Water. , Washington, D.C, , USA : U.S. Environmental Protection Agency . (2002). EPA-822-R-02–047
   Google Scholar