718
Views
7
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

A review of high-grade imaging of diatoms and radiolarians in light microscopy optical- and software-based techniques

Pages 57-72 | Received 05 May 2010, Accepted 07 Dec 2010, Published online: 07 Jul 2011

References

  • Abramowitz , M. 2006 . “ Phase contrast microscopy ” . [online]. Available from: http://www.olympusmicro.com/primer/techniques/phasecontrast/phaseindex.html [Accessed 23 June 2011]
  • Astro-Optik Kohler . 2008 . “ AOKswiss online. Equipment in astronomy, filters for observations and astro-photography ” . [online]. Available from: http://www.aokswiss.ch (in German) [Accessed 23 June 2011]
  • Baader-Planetarium GmbH . 2010 . “ Color filters ” . [online]. Available from: http://www.baader-planetarium.de (in German and English) [Accessed 23 June 2011]
  • Brown , B. 2006 . “ Light pollution filters – a spectral examination of the most popular light pollution filters in astronomy ” . [online]. Available from: http://home.comcast.net/mcculloch-brown/astro/LPRFilters.html [Accessed 23 June 2011]
  • Carroll , S. 2008 . “ The use of filters ” . [online]. Available from: http://sciastro.net/portia/advice/filters.htm [Accessed 23 June 2011]
  • Caspari , C. 2010 . “ CCInfo, advices for available light photography in night scenes ” . [online]. Available from: http://www.fotolaborinfo.de/foto/nachtaufnahmen.htm (in German) [Accessed 23 June 2011]
  • Castro-Ramos , J. , Cordero-Davila , A. , Vazquez-Montiel , S. and Gale , D. 1998 . “ Exact design of aplanatic microscope objectives consisting of two conic mirrors ” . In Applied Optics Vol. 37 , 5193 – 5197 .
  • Custom Scientific Inc . 2008 . “ Astronomy filters ” . [online]. Available from: http://www.customscientific.com/astronomy.html and http://www.customscientific.com/research_astronomy.html [Accessed 23 June 2011]
  • Cyprionka , H. 2007 . “ Picolay – freeware for generating improved images from picture series ” . [online]. Available from: http://www.picolay.de [Accessed 23 June 2011]
  • Davin Optronics . 2007 . “ Reflecting microscope objectives ” . [online]. Available from: http://www.gmp.ch/index.php?main_page=product_info&manufacturers_id=32&products_id=215 [Accessed 23 June 2011]
  • Determann , H. and Lepusch , F. 1998 . The light microscope and its use , Wetzlar : Wild Leitz . (in German). 115 pp.
  • Dobbins , A. 2004 . What shall we do with ‘refraktor-blues’? . Astronomie Heute , 9 [online]. Available from: http://www.baader-planetarium.de/suw_artikel/download/filtertest_ahoi.pdf (in German) [Accessed 23 June 2011]
  • Dougherty , J. 2008 . “ As good as the eye can see (review of picturenaut) ” . [online]. Available from: http://www.bt.com.bn/en/life/2008/03/14/as_good_as_the_eye_can_see [Accessed 23 June 2011]
  • Ernst Leitz Wetzlar GmbH . 1969 . The imaging and illuminating optical elements in light microscopes , 110 Wetzlar : Propedeutic Print . (in German)
  • Garfinkle , R. 1999 . “ How the sky works, determining your field of view, observing tips, and how to navigate in the night sky ” . In Star-hopping, your visa to viewing the universe , Edited by: Garfinkle , R. 33 – 56 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
  • Gehne , H. 1952 . Mirror objectives for light microscopes . Physikalische Blätter , 8 : 453 – 460 . (in German)
  • Glückstadt , J. P.C. , Mogensen , R. and Eriksen , L. 2001 . The generalised phase contrast method and its applications . DOPS-NYT , 1 : 49 – 54 .
  • Gross , S. and Hartl , B. 2008 . “ Enhancements of visible dynamic ranges using DRI-Tool ” . [online]. Available from: http://traumflieger.de/desktop/DRI/dri_tool.php (in German) [Accessed 23 June 2011]
  • Hart , J. 2003 . “ 3D microscopy and high-magnification macro-photography: digital reconstruction and depth-of-field expansion ” . [online]. University of Colorado. Available from: http://www.crystalcanyons.net/pages/TechNotes/3DMicroMacro.shtm [Accessed 23 June 2011]
  • HDR Soft . 2010 . “ Photomatix ” . [online]. Available from: http://www.hdrsoft.com [Accessed 23 June 2011]
  • Hedley , A. 2007 . “ Combine Z 5. My software to combine pictures to increase depth of focus ” . [online]. Available from: http://www.hadleyweb.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/index.htm [Accessed 23 June 2011]
  • Heliconsoft . 2007 . “ Helicon focus ” . [online]. Available from: http://www.heliconfocus.com/heliconfocus.html [Accessed 23 June 2011]
  • Jäger , H.-P. 2008 . “ Tables for astronomy, table 9b: spectral lines in emission nebula ” . [online]. Available from: http://www.lexikon-der-astronomie.de/Tabellen/Tabellen.html (in German) [Accessed 23 June 2011]
  • Jenoptik Jena GmbH . 1967 . Mirror objectives and mirror condensers for microscopic examinations in ultraviolet, visible and ultrared light spectra, technical description , Jena : VEB Carl Zeiss Jena . (in German). 2 pp.
  • Knöfel , A. 2008 . “ Transmission in filters, relevant emission lines in nature, astronomy and light pollution ” . [online]. Available from: http://www.astroamateur.de/filter (in German) [Accessed 23 June 2011]
  • Kornreich , D. 2006 . “ How does light pollution affect astronomers? ” . [online]. Astronomy Department, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY. Available from: http://curious.astro.cornell.edu/question.php?number=194 [Accessed 23 June 2011]
  • Kuang , J. 2007 . A refined image appearance model for HDR image rendering . Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation , 18 : 406 – 414 .
  • Larson , G. W. 1997 . A visibility matching tone reproduction operator for high dynamic range scenes . IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics , 3 : 291 – 306 .
  • Lumiconfilters . 2008 . “ Best optical filters ” . [online]. Available from: http://www.lumiconfilters.com [Accessed 23 June 2011]
  • Mann , S. 1988 . Method and apparatus for producing digital images having extended dynamic ranges US Patent Application 5828793. 18 pp
  • Mann , S. and Picard , R. W. On being ‘undigital’ with digital cameras: extending dynamic range by combining differently exposed pictures. In: . Proceedings of the IS & T's 48 th Annual Conference: Imaging on the information superhighway . pp. 442 – 448 . Washington, DC : The Society for Imaging Science and Technology .
  • Mehl , M. 2008 . “ Picturenaut, HDRI-generator, tone mapping ” . [online]. Available from: http://www.hdrlabs.com/picturenaut/index.html (in German) [Accessed 23 June 2011]
  • Murphy , D. 2001 . “ Phase contrast microscopy ” . In Fundamentals of Light Microscopy and Electronic Imaging 97 – 112 .
  • Murphy , D. W. 2006 . “ Phase contrast microscopy ” . [online]. Available from: http://www.microscopyu.com/articles/phasecontrast/phasemicroscopy.html [Accessed 23 June 2011]
  • MyAstroShop, Austria . 2008 . “ Eyepiece filters and how they improve viewing ” . [online]. Available from: http://www.myastroshop.com.au/guides/filters.asp [Accessed 23 June 2011]
  • Nobel Foundation . 2010 . “ The phase contrast microscope ” . [online]. Available from: http://nobelprize.org/physics/educational/microscopes/phase/index.html [Accessed 23 June 2011]
  • Okonek , B. 2008 . “ EasyHDR, always properly exposed images by exposure blending and tone mapping ” . [online]. Available from: http://www.easyhdr.com/index.php [Accessed 23 June 2011]
  • Piper , J. 2007a . Luminance contrast – a new visible light technique for examining transparent specimens . Microscopy Today , 15 : 26 – 34 .
  • Piper , J. 2007b . “ Software-based three dimensional reconstructions and enhancements of focal depth in microphotographic images ” . In Modern research and educational topics in microscopy , Edited by: Méndez-Vilas , A. and Diaz , J. Vol. 2 , 900 – 905 . Badajoz, , Spain : Formatex Research Center .
  • Piper , J. 2007c . Use of astronomic filters in light microscopy and photomicrography . Microscopy Today , 15 : 30 – 35 .
  • Piper , J. 2008a . Multicolor contrast effects by monochromatic astro filters – utilization in light microscopy and photomicrography . Microscopy Today , 16 : 20 – 26 .
  • Piper , J. 2008b . Use of software to enhance depth of field and improve focus in photomicrography . Microscopy and Analysis , 113 : 15 – 19 .
  • Piper , J. 2008c . Wide field and deep focus imaging in photomicrography – optical and software-based techniques . Microscopy Today , 16 : 32 – 37 .
  • Piper , J. 2009a . Image processing for the optimization of dynamic range in photomicrography . Microscopy and Analysis , 117 : 23
  • Piper , J. 2009b . Improved techniques for imaging of three-dimensional transparent specimens in advanced darkfield and interference contrast modes . Microscopy Today , 17 : 20 – 28 .
  • Piper , J. 2009c . Luminance contrast, a new illumination technique in light microscopy: optical basics, practical evaluations, further developments . International Journal for Light and Electron Optics/Optik , 120 : 963 – 975 .
  • Piper , J. 2010a . Mirror lenses in light microscopy – theoretical considerations and practical implications . Microscopy Research and Technique , 73 : 681 – 693 .
  • Piper , J. 2010b . “ Software-based stacking techniques to enhance depth of field and dynamic range in digital photomicrography ” . In Springer protocols, Methods in molecular biology 611, histology protocols , Edited by: Hewitson , T. D. and Darby , I. A. 193 – 210 . Totowa : Humana Press .
  • Piper , J. 2010c . Ultra-high contrast amplifying in bright-field images . Microscopy Today , 18 : 10 – 16 .
  • Piper , J. 2010d . Condenser aperture reduction phase contrast – a new technique for improved imaging in light microscopy . Journal of Advanced Microscopy Research , 5 : 1 – 10 .
  • Piper , J. 2011 . “ Image processing for the optimization of dynamic range and ultra-high contrast amplification in photomicrography ” . In Modern research and educational topics in microscopy , Edited by: Méndez-Vilas , A. and Diaz , J. Vol. 3 , 1436 – 1444 . Badajoz : Formatex Research Center .
  • Reinhard , E. 2005 . High dynamic range imaging: acquisition, display, and image-based lighting , 520 Westport : Morgan Kaufmann .
  • Robertson , D. 1970 . “ The phase contrast microscope ” . In The world beneath the microscope , Edited by: Robertson , D. 26 – 30 . London : Weidenfeld and Nicolson .
  • Sasso , F. 2010 . “ How to create HDR-photos – HDR/Photomatix tutorial ” . [online]. Available from: http://abduzeedo.com/how-create-hdr-photos-hdrphotomatix-tutorial [Accessed 23 June 2011]
  • Schlick Ch . 1995 . “ Quantization techniques for the visualization of high dynamic range pictures ” . In Photorealistic rendering techniques , Edited by: Sakas , G. 7 – 20 . New York : Springer .
  • Schömann , A. 2010 . “ Full dynamic range tool ” . [online]. Available from: http://www.fdrtools.com/fdrtools_basic_e.php [Accessed 23 June 2011]
  • Staghter , E. and Staghter , H. 1992 . “ Imaging of phase objects ” . In Light and electron microscopy , Edited by: Slaghter , E. and Slaghter , A. 149 – 167 . Cambridge : Cambridge Universtiy Press .
  • Spilker , H. 2007 . “ HDR-photography – more reality than in reality ” . In Spiegel Online Networld [online]. Available from: http://www.spiegel.de/netzwelt/tech/0,1518,457359,00.html (in German) [Accessed 23 June 2011]
  • Varden , T. 2006 . “ Filters ” . [online]. Available from: http://www.astro-tom.com/technical_data/filters.htm [Accessed 23 June 2011]
  • Weisheit , B. 2003 . Perfection for a 100 Euros surcharge color correction filters for Fraunhofer-refractor-telescopes in parallel tests . Sterne und Weltraum , 8 : 78 – 83 . (in German)
  • Wienstein , S. 2007 . “ Use of the Baader K-line-filter in solar observations ” . [online]. Available from: http://svenwienstein.de/HTML/baader_k-linie.html (in German) [Accessed 23 June 2011]
  • Wikipedia . 2008a . “ High dynamic range rendering ” . [online]. Available from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_dynamic_range_rendering [Accessed 23 June 2011]
  • Wikipedia . 2008b . “ High dynamic range imaging ” . [online]. Available from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Dynamic_Range [Accessed 23 June 2011]
  • Zernike , F. 1942a . Phase-contrast, a new method for microscopic observation of transparent objects. Part I . Physica , 9 : 686 – 698 .
  • Zernike , F. 1942b . Phase-contrast, a new method for microscopic observation of transparent objects. Part II . Physica , 9 : 974 – 986 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.