Spatial Planning in Ghana: Exploring the Contradictions

References

• Adarkwa, K. K. (2011) Future of the Tree Towards Growth and Development of Kumasi (Kumasi: University Printing Press, KNUST).
   Google Scholar
• Afrane, S. & Ahiable, G. (2011) The informal economy and microfinance in Kumasi, in: K. K. Adarkwa (Ed) The Future of the Tree: Towards Growth and Development of Kumasi, pp. 111–127 (Kumasi: University Printing Press, KNUST).
   Google Scholar
• Albrechts, L. (2004) Strategic (spatial) planning reexamined, Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 31(5), pp. 743–758.10.1068/b3065
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alfasi, N. (2006) Planning policy? Between long-term planning and zoning amendments in the Israeli planning system, Environment and Planning A, 38(3), pp. 553–568.10.1068/a37335
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alfasi, N. & Portugali, J. (2007) Planning rules for a self-planned city, Planning Theory, 6(2), pp. 164–182.
   Google Scholar
• Allmendinger, P. (2009) Planning Theory (London: Palgrave, Mac Millan).10.1007/978-1-137-01360-6
   Google Scholar
• Amoako, C. & Cobbinah, P. B. (2011) Slum improvement in the Kumasi metropolis, Ghana – A review of approaches and results, Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa, 13(8), pp. 150–170.
   Google Scholar
• Amoako, C. & Koboe, D. (2011) Historical development, population growth and present structure of Kumasi, in: K. K. Adarkwa (Ed) Future of the Tree; Towards Growth and Development of Kumasi, pp. 35–54 (Kumasi: University printing press, KNUST).
   Google Scholar
• Amoateng, P., Cobbinah, P. B. & Owusu-Adade, K. (2013) Managing physical development in peri-urban areas of Kumasi, Ghana: A case of Abuakwa, Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering, 7(1), pp. 96–109.10.4090/juee.2013.v7n1.096109
   Google Scholar
• Andersen, J. E., Jenkins, P. & Nielsen, M. (2015) Who plans the African city? A case study of Maputo: part 1 – The structural context, IDPR, 37(3), pp. 329–350. doi:10.3828/idpr.2015.20.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andreasen, J., Andersen, J. A. & Inkoom, D. K. B. (2011) Land and revenue in a traditional town in Ghana: The case of the Nkwanta sub-division in Mpasatia, International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED), 23(2), pp. 539–561.
   Google Scholar
• Anokye, P. A., Afrane, S. K. & Oduro-Ofori, E. (2014) The informal apprenticeship system in Ghana: Post graduation job integration and its implications for the management of urban space, Journal of Environment and Earth Science, 4(18), pp. 84–93.
   Google Scholar
• Boamah, N. A., Gyimah, C. & Bediako Nelson, J. K. B. (2012) Challenges to the enforcement of development controls in the Wa municipality, Habitat International, 36(1), pp. 136–142.10.1016/j.habitatint.2011.06.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boapeah, S. (2001) The informal economy in Kumasi, in: K. K. Adarkwa & J. Post (Eds) The Fate of the Tree: Planning and Managing the Development of Kumasi, Ghana, pp. 59–77 (Accra: Woeli Publishing Services).
   Google Scholar
• Boonstra, B. (2015) Planning Strategies in an Age of Active Citizenship; A Post-Structuralist Agenda for Self-Organization in Spatial Planning (Groningen: InPlanning).
   Google Scholar
• Boonstra, B. & Boelens, L. (2011) Self-organization in urban development: Towards a new perspective on spatial planning, Urban Research & Practice, 4(2), pp. 99–122. doi:10.1080/17535069.2011.579767.
   Google Scholar
• Cobbinah, P. B. & Aboagye, H. N. (2017) A Ghanaian twist to urban sprawl. Land Use Policy, 61, pp. 231–241. doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2016.10.047.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cobbinah, P. B. & Amoako, C. (2012) Urban sprawl and the loss of peri-urban land in Kumasi, Ghana, International Journal of Social and Human Sciences, 2(6), pp. 388–397.
   Google Scholar
• Cobbinah, P. B. & Darkwah, R. M. (2016) Urban planning and politics in Ghana, GeoJournal, pp. 1–17. doi:10.1007/s10708-016-9750-y.
   Google Scholar
• Cobbinah, P. B. & Korah, P. I. (2015) Religion gnaws urban planning: The geography of places of worship in Kumasi, Ghana, International Journal of Urban Sustainable Development, pp. 1–17. doi:10.1080/19463138.2015.1074581.
   Google Scholar
• Cobbinah, P. B., Erdiaw-Kwasie, M. O. & Amoateng, P. (2015) Africa’s urbanisation: Implications for sustainable development, Cities, 47, pp. 62–72.10.1016/j.cities.2015.03.013
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Roo, G. (2010) Planning and complexity: An introduction, in: G. de Roo & E. A. Silver (Eds) A Planner’s Encounter with Complexity, pp. 1–18 (Franham: Ashgate).
   Google Scholar
• De Roo, G. (2016) Self-organization and spatial planning: Foundations, challenges, constraints and consequences, in G. de Roo &. L. Boelens (Eds) Spatial Planning in a Complex Unpredictable World of Change, pp. 54–96 (Groningen: InPlanning).
   Google Scholar
• De Roo, G. & Porter, G. (2007) Introducing Actor-Consulting as a Means to Address Fuzziness in Planning and Decision-Making’, in Fuzzy Planning (Farnham: Ashgate).
   Google Scholar
• Freiku, S. R. (2013, May 20). JICA Presents Report on Development Plan for Greater Kumasi. Ghanaian-Chronicle.com.
   Google Scholar
• Fuseini, I. & Kemp, J. (2015) A review of spatial planning in Ghana’s socio-economic development trajectory: A sustainable development perspective, Land Use Policy, 47, pp. 309–320. doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2015.04.02.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geddes, P. (1968) Cities in Evolution (London: Ernest Benn Ltd).
   Google Scholar
• Gerrits, L. (2012) Punching Clouds: An Introduction to the Complexity of Public Decision-Making (Litchfield Park, AZ: Emergent).
   Google Scholar
• Ghana Statistical Service (GSS) (2014) 2010 Population and Housing Census. District Analytical Report, Kumasi Metropolis (Accra: Ghana Statistical Service).
   Google Scholar
• Hartman, S. & De Roo, G. (2013) Towards managing nonlinear regional development trajectories, Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, 31(3), pp. 556–570.10.1068/c11203r
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Healey, P. (1996) The communicative turn in planning theory and its implications for spatial strategy formations, Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 23(2), pp. 217–234.10.1068/b230217
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heylighen, F. (2008) Complexity and self-organization, in: M. J. Bates & M. N. Maack (Eds) Encyclopedia of Library and Information Sciences, pp. 1–20 (London: Taylor and Francis).
   Google Scholar
• Hoch, C. (2014) Utopia, scenario and plan: A pragmatic integration, Planning Theory, 16(1), pp. 1–17. doi:10.1177/1473095213518641.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hopkins, L. D. (2001) Urban Development: The Logic of Making Plans. (Washington, DC: Island Press).
   Google Scholar
• Karley, N. K. (2009) Flooding and physical planning in urban areas in West Africa: Situational analysis of Accra, Ghana, Theoritical and Empirical Research in Urban Management, 4(3), pp. 25–41.
   Google Scholar
• Koboe, D. & Tipple, A. G. (1995) Kumasi city profile, Cities, 12(4), pp. 267–274.
   Google Scholar
• Korah, P. I., Cobbinah, P. B., Nunbogu, A. M. & Gyogluu, S. (2016) Spatial plans and urban development trajectory in Kumasi, Ghana, GeoJournal, pp. 1–22. doi:10.1007/s10708-016-9731-1.
   Google Scholar
• Kumasi Metropolitan Assembly (2014) Available at https://www.kma.ghanadistricts.gov.gh/?arrow=atd&_=6&sa=5490 (accessed 7 October 2014).
   Google Scholar
• MEST, TCPD & JICA (2012) A Study on Comprehensive Urban Development Plan for Greater Kumasi, Interim Report (Kumasi: Town & Country Planning Department).
   Google Scholar
• Mohd Noor, K. B. (2008) Case study: A strategic research methodology, American Journal of Applied Sciences, 5(11), pp. 1602–1604.
   Google Scholar
• Nunbogu, A. M. (2014) Self-organisation in informal settlements. A case study of the greater Accra metropolitan area, Ghana, Masters thesis, University of Groningen. Available at https://irs.ub.rug.nl/dbi/54215e0ff07dc.
   Google Scholar
• Nunbogu, A. M. & Korah, P. I. (2016) Self-organisation in urban spatial planning: Evidence from the Greater Accra Metropolitan Area, Ghana, Urban Research & Practice, pp. 1–19. doi: 10.1080/17535069.2016.1238502.
   Google Scholar
• Nwaka, G. (2005) Planning for sustainable cities in Africa, in U. Okechukwu & O. G. Afoaku (Eds) Sustainable Development in Africa. A Multifaceted Challenge, pp. 120–138 (Asmara, Eriteria: Africa World Press, Inc).
   Google Scholar
• Nyametso, J. K. (2010). Improvement of Squatter Settlements: The Link Between Tenure Security, Access to Housing, and Improved Living and Environmental Conditions. Available at https://www.otago.ourarchive.ac.nz (accessed 4 February 2014).
   Google Scholar
• Oduro, C. Y., Ocloo, K. & Peprah, C. (2014) Analyzing growth patterns of greater kumasi metropolitan area, using GIS and multiple regression techniques, Journal of Sustainable Development, 7(5), pp. 13–31.
   Google Scholar
• Owusu-Ansah, J. K. (2015) The influences of land use and sanitation infrastructure on flooding in Kumasi, Ghana, GeoJournal, 81(4), pp. 555–570. doi:10.1007/s10708-015-9636-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Portugali, J. (2006) Complexity theory as a link between space and place, Environment and Planning A, 38(4), pp. 647–664. doi:10.1068/a37260.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quarcoopome, S. S. (1993) A history of the urban development of Accra: 1877–1957, Research Review, 9(1–2), pp. 20–32.
   Google Scholar
• Rauws, W. & De Roo, G. (2016) Adaptive planning: Generating conditions for urban adaptability. Lessons from Dutch organic development strategies, Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, pp. 1–23. doi:10.1177/0265813516658886.
   Google Scholar
• Rauws, W. S., Cook, M. & Van Dijk, T. (2014) How to make development plans suitable for volatile contexts, Planning Practice & Research, 29(2), pp. 133–151.10.1080/02697459.2013.872902
   Google Scholar
• Rauws, W. S. & De Roo, G. (2011) Exploring transitions in the peri-urban area, Planning Theory & Practice, 12(2), pp. 269–284.10.1080/14649357.2011.581025
   Google Scholar
• Rotmans, J., Kemp, R. & van Asselt, M. (2001) More evolution than revolution: Transition management in public policy, Foresight, 3(1), pp. 15–31.10.1108/14636680110803003
   Google Scholar
• Roy, A. (2005) Urban informality: Toward an epistemology of planning, Journal of the American Planning Association, 71(2), pp. 147–158. doi:10.1080/01944360508976689.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarantakos, S. (1998) Social Research (London: McMillan).10.1007/978-1-349-14884-4
   Google Scholar
• Ubink, J. M. (2008) In The Land of the Chiefs: Customary Law, Land Conflicts, and the Role of the State in Peri-Urban Ghana (Leiden: Leiden University Press).10.5117/9789087280413
   Google Scholar
• Verbong, G. (2000). The Dutch Government and Energy Transitions: A Historical Perspective. Research Document for the Report Transitions& Transition Management, the Case for an Emission Free Energy Supply (Rotmans et al., 2000) (The Netherlands: TUE Eindhoven).
   Google Scholar
• Vidyarthi, S. (2015) One Idea, Many Plans: An American City Design Concept in Independent India (Abingdon: Routledge).
   Google Scholar
• Wadhawan, V. (2013). Understanding Natural Phenomena. Available at https://vinodwadhawan.blogspot.in/2012/07/38-complex-adaptive-systems.html (accessed 18 December 2014).
   Google Scholar
• Watson, V. (2009) Seeing from the South: Refocusing urban planning on the globe’s central urban issues, Urban Studies, 46(11), pp. 2259–2275.10.1177/0042098009342598
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolfram, S. (2002) A New Kind of Science (Champaign, IL: Wolfram Media).
   Google Scholar
• Yeboah, E. & Shaw, D. P. (2013). Customary land tenure practices in Ghana: Examining the relationship with land-use planning delivery. International Development Planning Review, 35(1), pp. 21–39. doi:10.3828/idpr.2013.3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yin, R. (1994) Case Study Research: Design and Methods (London: Sage Publications).
   Google Scholar
• Zhang, S., de Roo, G. & van Dijk, T. (2015) Urban land changes as the interaction between self-organization and institutions, Planning Practice & Research, 30(2), pp. 160–178. doi:10.1080/02697459.2015.1014226.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar