References
- Agger, A., & Sørensen, E. (2018) Managing collaborative innovation in public bureaucracies, Planning Theory, 17(1), pp. 53–73. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1473095216672500.
- Allmendinger, P., Haughton, G., & Shephard, E. (2016) Where is planning to be found? Material practices and the multiple spaces of planning, Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, 34, pp. 38–51. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0263774X15614178.
- Andreeva, G., Ansell, J., & Harrison, T. (2014) Governance and accountability of public risk, Financial Accountability & Management, 30(3), pp. 342–361. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/faam.12036.
- Ansell, C., & Gash, A. (2008) Collaborative governance in theory and practice, Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 18(4), pp. 543–571. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mum032.
- Berglund-Snodgrass, L. (2017) Conceptualizing knowledge in spatial planning and displacement of “the political”, disP- the Planning Review, 53(4), pp. 33–41. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/02513625.2017.1414487.
- Berglund-Snodgrass, L., & Mukhtar-Landgren, D. (2020) Conceptualizing testbed planning: Urban planning in the intersection between experimental and public sector logics, Urban Planning, 5(1), pp. 96–106. doi:https://doi.org/10.17645/up.v5i1.2528.
- Bhatta, G. (2003) “Don’t just do something, stand there!” Revisiting the issue of risks in innovation in the public sector, The Innovation Journal: The Public Sector Innovation Journal, 8(2), pp. 1–12.
- Blok, A. (2018) The politics of urban climate risks: Theoretical and empirical lessons from Ulrich Beck’s methodological cosmopolitanism, Journal of Risk Research, 21(1), pp. 41–55. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2017.1359203.
- Bozeman, B., & Kingsley, G. (1998) Risk culture in public and private organizations, Public Administration Review, 58(2), pp. 109–118. doi:https://doi.org/10.2307/976358.
- Brown, L. (2010) Balancing risk and innovation to improve social work practice, British Journal of Social Work, 40, pp. 1211–1228. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcq013.
- Brown, L., & Osborne, S. P. (2013) Risk and innovation, Public Management Review, 15(2), pp. 186–208. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2012.707681.
- Bulkely, H., & Castán Broto, V. (2013) Government by experiment? Global cities and the governing of climate change, Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 38, pp. 361–375. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-5661.2012.00535.x.
- Carr, C., & Hesse, M. (2020) When Alphabet Inc. Plans Toronto’s waterfront: New post-political modes of urban governance, Urban Planning, 5(1), pp. 69–83. doi:https://doi.org/10.17645/up.v5i1.2519.
- Cowley, R., & Caprotti, F. (2019) Smart city as anti- planning in the UK, Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 37(3), pp. 428–448. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0263775818787506.
- Evans, J. (2016) Trials and tribulations: Problematizing the city through/as urban experimentation, Geography Compass, 10(10), pp. 429–443. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/gec3.12280.
- Flemig, S., Osborne, S. P., & Kinder, T. (2016) Risky business—reconceptualizing risk and innovation in public services, Public Money & Management, 36(6), pp. 425–432. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/09540962.2016.1206751.
- Fredricsson, C., & Smas, L. (2015) Tensions in Nordic urban planning, Nordregio News, 2015(2). Available at http://norden.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A1187155&dswid=-3966
- Frenken, K., van Waes, A., Pelzer, P., Smink, M., & van Est, R. (2019) Safeguarding public interests in the platform economy, Policy and Internet, 12(3), pp. 400–425. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/poi3.217.
- Fuenfschilling, L., Frantzeskaki, N., & Coenen, L. (2019) Urban experimentation & sustainability transitions, European Planning Studies, 27(2), pp. 219–228. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2018.1532977.
- Galdon-Clavell, G. (2013) (Not so) smart cities?: The drivers, impact and risks of surveillance-enabled smart environments, Science and Public Policy, 40(6), pp. 717–723. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/scipol/sct070.
- Garcia-Granero, A., Llopis, O., Fernandez-Mesa, A., & Alegre, J. A. (2015) Unraveling the link between managerial risk-taking and innovation: The mediating role of a risk-taking climate, Journal of Business Research, 68, pp. 1094–1104. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2014.10.012.
- Gunder, M. (2008) Ideologies of certainty in a risky reality: Beyond the hauntology of planning, Planning Theory, 7(2), pp. 186–206. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1473095208090434.
- Gunnarsson-Östling, U. (2021) Housing design and mobility convenience—The case of Sweden, Sustainability, 13(2), pp. 474. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/su13020474.
- Hakkarainen, L., & Hyysalo, S. (2016) The evolution of intermediary activities: Broadening the concept of facilitation in living labs, Technology Innovation Management Review, 6(1), pp. 45–58. doi:https://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/960.
- Healey, P. (1997) Collaborative Planning: Shaping Places in Fragmented Societies (Basingstoke: MacMillan Press).
- Ismagilova, E., Hughes, L., Rana, N. P., & Dwivedi, Y. K. (2020) Security, privacy and risks within smart cities: Literature review and development of a smart city interaction framework, Information Systems Frontiers. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-020-10044-1.
- Karvonen, A., Evans, J., & van Heur, B. (2014) The politics of urban experiments: Radical change or business as usual? in: S. Marvin & M. Hodson (Eds) After Sustainable Cities, pp. 104–115 (London: Routledge).
- Kitchin, R., & Dodge, M. (2017) The (In)security of smart cities: Vulnerabilities, risks, mitigation, and prevention, Journal of Urban Technology, 26(2), pp. 47–65. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/10630732.2017.1408002.
- Loughlin, J. (2000) Introduction: The transformation of the democratic state in Western Europe, in: J. Loughlin (Ed) Subnational Democracy in the European Union: Challenges and Opportunities, pp. 1–33 (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
- Marvin, S., Bulkley, H., Mai, L., McCormick, K., & Voytenko Palgan, Y. (2018) Introduction, in: S. Marvin, H. Bulkley, L. Mai, K. McCormick, & Y. Voytenko Palgan (Eds) Urban Living Labs. Experimenting with City Futures, pp. 1–17 (London: Routledge).
- McLean, A., Bulkely, H., & Crang, M. (2016) Negotiating the urban smart grid, Urban Studies, 53(15), pp. 3246–3263. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098015612984.
- Melia, S., Barton, H., & Parkhurst, G. (2012) Potential for carfree development in the UK, Urban Design and Planning, 166(2), pp. 136–145. doi:https://doi.org/10.1680/udap.10.00048.
- Morgan, K., & Webb, B. (2020) Googling the city: In search of the public interest on Toronto’s ‘Smart’ waterfront, Urban Planning, 5(1), pp. 84–95. doi:https://doi.org/10.17645/up.v5i1.2520.
- Osborne, S., Brandsen, T., Mele, V., Nemec, J., van Genugten, M., & Flemig, S. (2020) Risking innovation. Understanding risk and public service innovation—evidence from a four nation study, Public Money & Management, 40(1), pp. 52–62. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/09540962.2019.1621051.
- Raven, R., Sengers, F., Spaeth, P., Xie, L., Cheshmehzangi, A., & de Jong, M. (2019) Urban experimentation and institutional arrangements, European Planning Studies, 27(2), pp. 258–281. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2017.1393047.
- Renn, O. (2008) Risk Governance. Coping with Uncertainty in a Complex World (Milton Park & New York: Earthscan from Routledge).
- Savini, F. (2017) Planning, uncertainty and risk: The neoliberal logics of Amsterdam urbanism, Environment and Planning A, 49(4), pp. 857–875. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518X16684520.
- Sørensen, M. P. (2018) Ulrich Beck: Exploring and contesting risk, Journal of Risk Research, 21(1), pp. 6–16. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2017.1359204.
- Taeihagh, A., & Lim, H. S. M. (2019) Governing autonomous vehicles: Emerging responses for safety, liability, privacy, cybersecurity, and industry risks, Transport Reviews, 39(1), pp. 103–128. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/01441647.2018.1494640.
- Tasan-Kok, T., van den Hurk, M., Özogul, S., & Bittencourt, S. (2019) Changing public accountability mechanisms in the governance of Dutch urban regeneration, European Planning Studies, 27(6), pp. 1107–1128. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2019.1598017.
- Timeus, K., & Gascó, M. (2018) Increasing innovation capacity in city governments: Do innovation labs make a difference? Journal of Urban Affairs, 40(16), pp. 1–17. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/07352166.2018.1431049.
- Van Zoonen, L. (2016) Privacy concerns in smart cities, Government Information Quarterly, 33(3), pp. 472–480. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2016.06.004.
- Vigar, G., Cowie, P., & Healey, P. (2020) Innovation in planning: Creating and securing public value, European Planning Studies, 28(3), pp. 521–540. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2019.1639400.
- Vitunskaite, M., He, Y., Brandstetter, T., & Janicke, H. (2019) Smart cities and cyber security: Are we there yet? A comparative study on the role of standards, third party risk management and security ownership, Computers and Security, 83, pp. 313–331. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2019.02.009.
- von Wirth, T., Fuenfschilling, L., Frantzekaki, N., & Coenen, L. (2019) Impacts of urban living labs on sustainability transitions: Mechanisms and strategies for systemic change through experimentation, European Planning Studies, 27(2), pp. 229–257. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2018.1504895.
- Wallsten, A., Henriksson, M., & Isaksson, K. (2021) The role of local public authorities in steering towards smart and sustainable mobility: Findings from the Stockholm metropolitan area, Planning Practice & Research. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/02697459.2021.1874638.
- Yin, R. (2014) Case Study Research: Design and Methods (London: Sage).
- Zakhour, S., & Metzger, J. (2018) From a “planning led regime” to a “development led regime” (and back again?). The role of municipal planning in the urban governance of Stockholm, disP- the Planning Review, 54(4), pp. 46–58. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/02513625.2018.1562797.
- Zandvoort, M., Van der Vlist, M., Klijn, F., & Van den Brink, A. (2018) Navigating amid uncertainty in spatial planning, Planning Theory, 17(1), pp. 96–116. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1473095216684530.