Identifying the merits of bottom-up urban development: theory-based evaluation using a value map model

References

• Adams, D., & Tiesdell, S. (2010) Planners as market actors: Rethinking state–market relations in land and property, Planning Theory & Practice, 11(2), pp. 187–207. doi:10.1080/14649351003759631.
   Google Scholar
• Austin, J., Stevenson, H., & Wei-Skillern, J. (2012) Social and commercial entrepreneurship: Same, different, or both?, Revista De Administração, 47(3), pp. 370–384. doi:10.5700/rausp1055.
   Google Scholar
• Biedenbach, T., & Jacobsson, M. (2016) The open secret of values: The roles of values and axiology in project research, Project Management Journal, 47(3), pp. 139–155. doi:10.1177/875697281604700312.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boonstra, B. (2015) Planning Strategies in an Age of Active Citizenship: A Post-Structuralist Agenda for Self-Organization in Spatial Planning (Groningen: InPlanning).
   Google Scholar
• Boonstra, B., & Boelens, L. (2011) Self-organization in urban development: Towards a new perspective on spatial planning, Urban Research & Practice, 4(2), pp. 99–122. doi:10.1080/17535069.2011.579767.
   Google Scholar
• Buitelaar, E., Grommen, E., & Van der Krabben, E. (2017) The self-organizing city: An analysis of the institutionalization of organic urban development in the Netherlands, In: G. Squires, E. Heurkens, & R. Peiser (Eds) Routledge Companion to Real Estate Development, pp. 169–182 (London: Routledge).
   Google Scholar
• Carmona, M., De Magalhães, C., & Edwards, M. (2002) Stakeholder views on value and urban design, Journal of Urban Design, 7(2), pp. 145–169. doi:10.1080/1357480022000012212.
   Google Scholar
• Certo, S. T., & Miller, T. (2008) Social entrepreneurship: Key issues and concepts, Business Horizons, 51(4), pp. 267–271. doi:10.1016/j.bushor.2008.02.009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark, C., Rosenzweig, W., Long, D., & Olsen, S. (2004) Double bottom line project report: Assessing social impact in double bottom line ventures. Berkeley: Center for Responsible Business, University of California.
   Google Scholar
• Colomb, C. (2012) Pushing the urban frontier: Temporary uses of space, city marketing, and the creative city discourse in 2000s berlin, Journal of Urban Affairs, 34(2), pp. 131–152. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9906.2012.00607.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Courage, C. (2017) Arts in Place: The Arts, the Urban and Social Practice (London: Routledge).
   Google Scholar
• Courage, C., Borrup, T., Rosario Jackson, M., Legge, K., Mckeown, A., & Platt, L. (Eds) (2020) The Routledge Handbook of Placemaking (Abingdon, Oxon and New York: Routledge).
   Google Scholar
• Courage, C., & McKeown, A. (2019) Creative Placemaking: Research, Theory and Practice (Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge).
   Google Scholar
• Danenberg, R., & Haas, T. (2019) New trends in bottom-up urbanism and Governance—Reformulating ways for mutual engagement between municipalities and citizen-led urban initiatives, In: M. Arefi & C. Kickert (Eds) The Palgrave Handbook of Bottom-Up Urbanism, pp. 113–129 (Cham: Palgrave Macmillan).
   Google Scholar
• De Nijverheid. (n.d.) De Nijverheid. Available at http://www.denijverheid.org/
   Google Scholar
• Dembski, S. (2020) ‘Organic’ approaches to planning as densification strategy? the challenge of legal contextualisation in Buiksloterham, Amsterdam, The Town Planning Review, 91(3), pp. 283–303. doi:10.3828/tpr.2020.16.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finn, D. (2014) DIY urbanism: Implications for cities, Journal of Urbanism International Research on Placemaking and Urban Sustainability, 7(4), pp. 381–398. doi:10.1080/17549175.2014.891149.
   Google Scholar
• Flew, T. (2013) Introduction: Creative industries and cities, In: T. Flew (Ed) Creative Industries and Urban Development: Creative Cities in the 21st Century, pp. 1–14 (Abingdon, Oxon and New York: Routledge).
   Google Scholar
• Florida, R. (2002) The Rise of the Creative Class (New York: Basic Books).
   Google Scholar
• Gemeente Utrecht. (2012) Ontwikkelingsvisie Werkspoorkwartier - de transformatie van een bedrijventerrein (Utrecht: Gemeente Utrecht).
   Google Scholar
• Gemeente Utrecht. (2021) Omgevingsvisie Werkspoorkwartier. de transformatie van een werklandschap (Utrecht: Gemeente Utrecht). Available at https://www.werkspoorkwartier.nl/assets/Uploads/20210617-Omgevingsvisie-Werkspoorkwartier.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Gregory, J. (2016) Creative industries and urban regeneration – the Maboneng precinct, Johannesburg, Local Economy, 31(1–2), pp. 158–171. doi:10.1177/0269094215618597.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hart, S. L. (1971) Axiology - theory of values, Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 32(1), pp. 29–41. doi:10.2307/2105883.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He, J., & Gebhardt, H. (2014) Space of creative industries: A case study of spatial characteristics of creative clusters in Shanghai, European Planning Studies, 22(11), pp. 2351–2368. doi:10.1080/09654313.2013.837430.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hof van Cartesius. (n.d.) Hof van cartesius. Available at https://hofvancartesius.nl/.
   Google Scholar
• Horelli, L., Saad-Sulonen, J., Wallin, S., & Botero, A. (2015) When self-organization intersects with urban planning: Two cases from helsinki, Planning Practice & Research, 30(3), pp. 286–302. doi:10.1080/02697459.2015.1052941.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Igalla, M., Edelenbos, J., & van Meerkerk, I. (2019) Citizens in action, what do they accomplish? A systematic literature review of citizen initiatives, their main characteristics, outcomes, and factors, VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 30(5), pp. 1176–1194. doi:10.1007/s11266-019-00129-0.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iveson, K. (2013) Cities within the city: Do-it-yourself urbanism and the right to the city, International Journal of Urban & Regional Research, 37(3), pp. 941–956. doi:10.1111/1468-2427.12053.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jarvis, D., Lambie, H., & Berkeley, N. (2009) Creative industries and urban regeneration, Journal of Urban Regeneration & Renewal, 2(4), pp. 364–374.
   Google Scholar
• Kingdon, J. W. (2011) Agendas, Alternatives, and Public Policies, Updated second ed. (Boston: Little, Brown).
   Google Scholar
• Liket, K. C., Rey-Garcia, M., & Maas, K. E. (2014) Why aren’t evaluations working and what to do about it: A framework for negotiating meaningful evaluation in nonprofits, American Journal of Evaluation, 35(2), pp. 171–188. doi:10.1177/1098214013517736.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maas, K., & Grieco, C. (2017) Distinguishing game changers from boastful charlatans: Which social enterprises measure their impact?, Journal of Social Entrepreneurship, 8(1), pp. 110–128. doi:10.1080/19420676.2017.1304435.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Macmillan, S. (2006) Added value of good design, Building Research & Information, 34(3), pp. 257–271. doi:10.1080/09613210600590074.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Markusen, A., & Gadwa, A. (2010) Creative Placemaking (Washington, DC: National Endowment for the Arts).
   Google Scholar
• Martin, M., Deas, I., & Hincks, S. (2019) The role of temporary use in urban regeneration: Ordinary and extraordinary approaches in Bristol and Liverpool, Planning Practice & Research, 34(5), pp. 537–557. doi:10.1080/02697459.2019.1679429.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matoga, A. (2019) Governance of temporary use, Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Urban Design and Planning, 172(4), pp. 159–168. doi:10.1680/jurdp.18.00052.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayne, J. (2015) Useful theory of change models, Canadian Journal of Program Evaluation, 30(2), pp. 119–142. doi:10.3138/cjpe.230.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mens, J., van Bueren, E., Vrijhoef, R., & Heurkens, E. (2021) A typology of social entrepreneurs in bottom-up urban development, Cities, 110(103066), pp. 1–14. doi:10.1016/j.cities.2020.103066.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mulgan, G. (2010) Measuring social value, Stanford Social Innovation Review, 8(3), pp. 38–43.
   Google Scholar
• Mulgan, G., Breckon, J., Tarrega, M., Bakhshi, H., Davies, J., Khan, H., & Finnis, A. (2019) Public Value: How Can It Be Measured, Managed and Grown? (London: Nesta).
   Google Scholar
• Ormiston, J., & Seymour, R. (2011) Understanding value creation in social entrepreneurship: The importance of aligning mission, strategy and impact measurement, Journal of Social Entrepreneurship, 2(2), pp. 125–150. doi:10.1080/19420676.2011.606331.
   Google Scholar
• Palermo, P. C., & Ponzini, D. (2015) Place-Making and Urban Development: New Challenges for Contemporary Planning and Design (London: Routledge).
   Google Scholar
• Papachristou, I. A., & Rosas-Casals, M. (2015) The many urban languages or why there is always a gap between bottom-up initiatives and top-down processes, in: Resurbe II: International conference on urban resilience. Bogotá.
   Google Scholar
• Partanen, J. (2015) Indicators for self-organization potential in urban context, Environment and Planning: D, Society & Space, 42(5), pp. 951–971. doi:10.1068/b140064p.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Porter, M. E., & Kramer, M. R. (2011) The big idea: Creating shared value, Harvard Business Review, 89(1–2), pp. 62–77.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Porter, M. E., & Kramer, M. R. (2019) Creating shared value how to reinvent Capitalism—And unleash a wave of innovation and growth, In: G. Lenssen & N. Smith (Eds) Managing Sustainable Business, pp. 323–346 (Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands).
   Google Scholar
• Pradel-Miquel, M. (2021) Analysing the role of citizens in urban regeneration: Bottom-linked initiatives in Barcelona, Urban Research & Practice, 14(3), pp. 307–324. doi:10.1080/17535069.2020.1737725.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pratt, A. (2018) Gentrification, artists and the cultural economy, In: L. Lees & M. Phillips (Eds) Handbook of Gentrification Studies, pp. 346–362 (Cheltenham and Northampton: Edward Elgar Publishing).
   Google Scholar
• Programmabureau_M4H. (2021) Programmamonitor M4H 2020. Samenvatting (Rotterdam: Programmabureau M4H). Available at https://m4hrotterdam.nl/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/M4H_monitor_2020_Issuu.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Programmabureau Rotterdam Makers District. (2019) Ruimtelijk raamwerk Merwe-vierhavens Rotterdam - toekomst in de maak (Rotterdam: Programmabureau Rotterdam Makers District). Available at https://m4hrotterdam.nl/nieuws/vaststelling-ruimtelijk-raamwerk-m4h
   Google Scholar
• Rabbiosi, C. (2016) Urban regeneration ‘from the bottom up’ critique or co-optation? notes from Milan, Italy, City, 20(6), pp. 832–844. doi:10.1080/13604813.2016.1242240.
   Google Scholar
• Rauws, W., & de Roo, G. (2016) Adaptive planning: Generating conditions for urban adaptability. lessons from Dutch organic development strategies, Environment and Planning B-Planning & Design, 43(6), pp. 1052–1074. doi:10.1177/0265813516658886.
   Google Scholar
• Stam, K., & Peek, G. (2019) Gebiedsontwikkeling anders organiseren. De Voedseltuin, Rotterdam, In: G. Helleman, S. Majoor, V. Smit, & G. Walraven (Eds) Plekken van hoop en verandering: Samenwerkingsverbanden die lokaal verschil maken, pp. 115–122 (Utrecht: Academische Uitgeverij Eburon).
   Google Scholar
• Steen, K., & van Bueren, E. M. (2017) Urban Living Labs: A Living Lab Way of Working (Amsterdam: AMS Institute).
   Google Scholar
• Strydom, W., Puren, K., & Drewes, E. (2018) Exploring theoretical trends in placemaking: Towards new perspectives in spatial planning, Journal of Place Management and Development, 11(2), pp. 165–180. doi:10.1108/JPMD-11-2017-0113.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson, J. L. (2002) The world of the social entrepreneur, International Journal of Public Sector Management, 15(5), pp. 412–431. doi:10.1108/09513550210435746.
   Google Scholar
• Toolis, E. E. (2017) Theorizing critical placemaking as a tool for reclaiming public space, American Journal of Community Psychology, 59(1–2), pp. 184–199. doi:10.1002/ajcp.12118.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van den Berg, B., Vunderink, L., van Wieren, C., Nijland, A., Willems, B., & Perdeck, N. (2019) Ontmoet de makers van de keilewerf - de werf waar je alles kan (laten) maken (Rotterdam: Keilewerf BV).
   Google Scholar
• von Schönfeld, K. C., & Tan, W. (2021) Endurance and implementation in small-scale bottom-up initiatives: How social learning contributes to turning points and critical junctures, Cities, 117(103280), pp. 1–13. doi:10.1016/j.cities.2021.103280.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weerawardena, J., & Mort, G. S. (2006) Investigating social entrepreneurship: A multidimensional model, Journal of World Business, 41(1), pp. 21–35. doi:10.1016/j.jwb.2005.09.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiss, C. H. (1995) Nothing as practical as good theory: Exploring theory-based evaluation for comprehensive community initiatives for children and families, In: J. Connell, A. Kubisch, L. Schorr, & C. Weiss (Eds) New Approaches to Evaluating Community Initiatives: Concepts, Methods, and Contexts, pp. 65–92 (New York: The Aspen Institute).
   Google Scholar
• Weiss, C. H. (1997) Theory-based evaluation: Past, present, and future, New Directions for Evaluation, 76, pp. 41–55. doi:10.1002/ev.1086.
   Google Scholar
• Yin, R. K. (2014) Case Study Research Design and Methods (Los Angeles: Sage).
   Google Scholar
• Young, R. (2006) For what it is worth: Social value and the future of social entrepreneurship, Social Entrepreneurship: New Models of Sustainable Social Change, 18(3), pp. 56–73.
   Google Scholar