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- This paper was prepared for presentation at the conference, in Krakow from 4–10 June 1989, on ‘The Aim and Rationality of Science’. I am grateful to the organizers and sponsors of this conference for the opportunity to participate. May I thank my friends and colleagues Jerry Gaus, Stephanie Lawson, and Jeff Malpas for many years of patient conversation about these topics from which I have benefited, I don't doubt, a great deal more than they have? Thanks too to Peter Forrest and to John Watkins for comments, much needed and much appreciated, on an earlier version of this paper.