720
Views
109
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

The sensory modality assessment and rehabilitation technique (SMART): a valid and reliable assessment for vegetative state and minimally conscious state patients

&
Pages 1255-1269 | Received 24 May 2003, Accepted 29 Apr 2004, Published online: 03 Jul 2009

References

  • MULTI-SOCIETY TASK FORCE: Medical aspects of the persistent vegetative state. Part 1. New England Journal of Medicine, 330: 1499–508, 1994.
  • AMERICAN CONGRESS OF REHABILITATION MEDICINE: Recommendations for use of uniform nomenclature pertinent to persons with severe alterations in consciousness. Archives of Physical Medicine Rehabilitation, 76: 205–209, 1995.
  • ANDREWS, K.: International working party on the management of the vegetative state. A summary report. Brain Injury, 10: 799–806, 1996.
  • GIACINO, J., ASHWAL, S., CHuns, N. et al.: The minimally conscious state-definition and diag-nostic criteria. Neurology, 58: 349–353, 2002.
  • CRANFORD, R.: Misdiagnosing the persistent vegetative state. British Medical Journal, 313: 5–6, 1996.
  • CHuns, N. L., MERCER, W. N. and CHILD, H. W.: Accuracy of diagnosis of persistent vegetative state. Neurology, 43: 1465–1467, 1993.
  • ANDREWS, K., MURPHY, L., MUNDAY, R. et al.: Misdiagnosis of the vegetative state: retrospective study in a rehabilitation unit. British Medical Journal, 131: 13–16, 1996.
  • TREscx, D., Sims, F., DUTHI E. et al.: Clinical characteristics of patients in the persistent vegetative state. Archives of Internal Medicine, 151: 930–932, 1991.
  • HoRN, S., SHIEL, A., MCLELLAN, L. et al.: A review of behavioural assessment for monitoring recovery in and after coma with pilot data on a new scale of visual awareness. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 3: 121–137, 1993.
  • GILL-THWAITES, H.: The Sensory Modality Assessment and Rehabilitation Technique-a tool for the assessment and treatment of patients with severe brain injury in a vegetative state. Brain Injury, 11: 723–734, 1997.
  • GILL-THWAITES, H. and MUNDAY, R.: The sensory modality assessment and rehabilitation technique (SMART): a comprehensive and integrated assessment and treatment protocol of the vegetative state and minimally responsive patient. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 9: 305–320, 1999.
  • RAPPAPORT, M., DOUGHERTY, A. M. and KELTING, D. L.: Evaluation of coma and vegetative state. Archives of Physical Medicine Rehabilitation, 73: 628–634, 1992.
  • GIACINO, J. T., KEZMARSKY, M. A., DELUCA, J. et al.: Monitoring rate of recovery to predict outcome in minimally responsive patient. Archives of Physical Medicine Rehabilitation, 72: 897–901, 1991.
  • RADER, M. A. and Ems, D. W.: The Sensory Stimulation Assessment Measure (SSANI): a tool for early evaluation of severely brain injured patients. Brain Injury, 8: 309–321, 1994.
  • CANED°, A., GRIX, M. and NICOLETTI, J.: An analysis of assessment instruments for the minimally responsive patient (MRP): clinical observations. Brain Injury, 16: 453–461, 2002.
  • SHIEL, A., HORN, S. A. and WILSON, B. A.: The Wessex Head Injury Matrix (WHIM) main scale: a preliminary report on a scale to assess and monitor patient recovery after severe brain injury. Clinical Rehabilitation, 14: 408–416, 2000.
  • TEASDALE, G. and JENNETT, B.: Assessment for coma and impaired consciousness. A practical scale. Lancet, 2: 81–84, 1974.
  • FREEMAN, E. A.: The Catastrophe of coma: A way back (New Zealand: David Bateman, Australia) 1987.
  • FREEMAN, E. A.: New methodology. The coma exit chart, assessing the patient in prolonged coma state and in vegetative state. Brain Injury, 10: 615–624, 1996.
  • MALKMUS, D., BOOTH, B. and KODIMER, C.: Rehabilitation of the head injured adult: Comprehensive cognitive management (Downey, CA: Professional Staff Association of Rancho Los Amigos Hospital), 1980.
  • ANSELL, B. J. and KEENAN, J. E.: The Western neuro sensory stimulation profile: a tool for assessing slow to recover head injured patients. Archives of Physical Medicine Rehabilitation, 70: 104–108, 1989.
  • BLAND, J. M. and ALTMAN, D. G.: Measurement error. British Medical Journal, 313: 744, 1996.
  • ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS: The permanent vegetative state. Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of London, 30: 119–121, 1996.
  • GROSSWASSER, Z., COHEN, M. and COSTETT, H.: Rehabilitation outcome after anoxic brain damage. Archives of Physical Medicine Rehabilitation, 70: 186–188, 1989.
  • MULTI-SOCIETY TASK FORCE: Medical aspects of the persistent vegetative state (part two of two parts). New England Journal of Medicine, 330: 1572–1579, 1994.
  • BRITISH SOCIETY OF REHABILITATION: Rehabilitation after traumatic brain injury. A working party report of the British Society of Rehabilitation Medicine (BRSM) (London: Royal College of Physicians), 1998.
  • WILSON, F. C., HARPER, J., WATSON, T. et al.: Vegetative state and minimally responsive patients—regional survey, long-term case outcome and service recommendations. Neuro-Rehabilitation, 17: 231–236, 2002.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.