754
Views
53
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original

The protective effect of the ketogenic diet on traumatic brain injury-induced cell death in juvenile rats

, , , , &
Pages 459-465 | Received 05 Sep 2008, Accepted 29 Jan 2009, Published online: 03 Jul 2009

References

  • Kraus JF, Rock A, Hemyari P. Brain injuries among infants, children, adolescents and young adults. American Journal of Diseases of Children 1990; 144: 684–691
  • Asarnow RF, Satz P, Light R, Zaucha K, Lewis R, McCleary C. The UCLA study of mild closed head injury in children and adolescents. Traumatic head injury in children, SH Broman, ME Michel. Oxford University Press, New York 1995; 117–146
  • Fay GC, Jaffe KM, Polissar NL, Liao S, Rivara JB, Martin KM. Outcome of pediatric traumatic brain injury at three years: a cohort study. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1994; 75: 733–741
  • Jaffe KM, Fay GC, Polissar NL, Martin KM, Shurtleff HA, Rivara JM, Winn HR. Severity of pediatric traumatic brain injury and neurobehavioral recovery at one year: A cohort study. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1993; 74: 587–595
  • Kaya SS, Mahmood A, Li Y, Yavuz E, Goksel M, Chopp M. Apoptosis and expression of p53 response proteins and cyclin D1 after cortical impact in rat brain. Brain Research 1999; 818: 23–33
  • Keane RW, Kraydieh S, Lotocki G, Alonso OF, Aldana P, Dietrich WD. Apoptotic and antiapoptotic mechanisms after traumatic brain injury. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism 2001; 21: 1189–1198
  • Vlodavsky E, Palzur E, Feinsod M, Soustiel JF. Evaluation of the apoptosis-related proteins of the Bcl-2 family in the traumatic penumbra area of the rat model of cerebral contusion, treated by hyperbaric oxygen therapy: A quantitative immunohistochemical study. Acta Neuropathologica 2005; 110: 120–126
  • Yang J, Liu X, Bhalla K, Kim CN, Ibrado AM, Cai J, Peng TI, Jones DP, Wang X. Prevention of apoptosis by Bcl-2 release of cytochrome c from mitochondria blocked. Science 1997; 275: 1129–1132
  • Kroemer G. The proto-oncogene bcl-2 and its role in regulating apoptosis. Nature Medicine 1997; 3: 614–620
  • Yang E, Korsmeyer SJ. Molecular thanatopsis: A discourse on the bcl2 family and cell death. Blood 1996; 88: 386–401
  • Eun SH, Kang HC, Kim DW, Kim HD. Ketogenic diet for treatment of infantile spasms. Brain and Development 2006; 28: 566–571
  • Keene DL. A systematic review of the use of the ketogenic diet in childhood epilepsy. Pediatric Neurology 2006; 35: 1–5
  • Kossoff EH, McGrogan JR, Bluml RM, Pillas DJ, Rubenstein JE, Vining EP. A modified Atkins diet is effective for the treatment of intractable pediatric epilepsy. Epilepsia 2006; 47: 421–424
  • Papandreou D, Pavlou E, Kalimeri E, Mavromichalis I. The ketogenic diet in children with epilepsy. The British Journal of Nutrition 2006; 95: 5–13
  • Dahlquist G, Persson B. The rat of cerebral utilization of glucose, ketone bodies, and oxygen: A comparative in vivo study of infant and adult rats. Pediatric Research 1976; 10: 910–917
  • Hawkins RA, Biebuyck JF. Ketone bodies are selectively used by individual brain regions. Science 1979; 205: 325–327
  • Prins ML. Cerebral metabolic adaptation and ketone metabolism after brain injury. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism 2008; 28: 1–16
  • Maalouf M, Sullivan PG, Davis L, Kim DY, Rho JM. Ketones inhibit mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species production following glutamate excitotoxicity by increasing NADH oxidation. Neuroscience 2007; 145: 256–264
  • Noh HS, Kim YS, Lee HP, Chung KM, Kim DW, Kang SS, Cho GJ, Choi WS. The protective effect of a ketogenic diet on kainic acid-induced hippocampal cell death in the male ICR mice. Epilepsy Research 2003; 53: 119–128
  • Masuda R, Monahan JW, Kashiwaya Y. D-beta-hydroxybutyrate is neuroprotective against hypoxia in serum-free hippocampal primary cultures. Journal of Neuroscience Research 2005; 80: 501–509
  • Suzuki M, Suzuki M, Sato K, Dohi S, Sato T, Matsuura A, Hiraide A. Effect of beta-hydroxybutyrate, a cerebral function improving agent, on cerebral hypoxia, anoxia and ischemia in mice and rats. The Japanese Journal of Pharmacology 2001; 87: 143–150
  • Prins ML, Fujima LS, Hovda DA. Age-dependent reduction of cortical contusion volume by ketones after traumatic brain injury. Journal of Neuroscience Research 2005; 82: 413–420
  • Rho JM, Kim DW, Robbins CA, Andersond GD, Schwartzkroin PA. Age-dependent differences in flurothyl seizure sensitivity in mice treated with a ketogenic diet. Epilepsy Research 1999; 37: 233–240
  • Yan W, Wang HD, Hu ZG, Wang QF, Yin HX. Activation of Nrf2-ARE pathway in brain after traumatic brain injury. Neuroscience Letters 2008; 431: 150–154
  • Duvdevani R, Roof RL, Fulop Z, Hoffman SW, Stein DG. Blood-brain barrier breakdown and edema formation following frontal cortical contusion: Does hormonal status play a role?. Journal of Neurotrauma 1995; 12: 65–75
  • Unterberg AW, Stover J, Kress B, Kiening KL. Edema and brain trauma. Neuroscience 2004; 129: 1021–1029
  • Thomas S, Prins ML, Samii M, Hovda DA. Cerebral metabolic response to traumatic brain injury sustained early in development: A 2-deoxy-D-glucose autoradiographic study. Journal of Neurotrauma 2000; 17: 649–665
  • Yoshino A, Hovda DA, Kawamata T, Katayama Y, Becker DP. Dynamic changes in local cerebral glucose utilization following cerebral concussion in rats: Evidence of a hyper- and subsequent hypometabolic state. Brain Research 1991; 561: 106–119
  • Veech RL, Chance B, Kashiwaya Y, Lardy HA, Cahill GF, Jr. Ketone bodies, potential therapeutic uses. IUBMB Life 2001; 51: 241–247
  • Gasior M, Rogawski MA, Hartman AL. Neuroprotective and disease-modifying effects of the ketogenic diet. Behavioural Pharmacology 2006; 17: 431–439
  • Maalouf M, Rho JM, Mattson MP. The neuroprotective properties of calorie restriction, the ketogenic diet, and ketone bodies. Brain Research Reviews 2009; 59: 293–315
  • Prins ML. Induction of monocarboxylate transporter 2 expression and ketone transport following traumatic brain injury in juvenile and adult rats. Developmental Neuroscience 2006; 28: 447–456
  • Prins ML, Lee SM, Fujima LS, Hovda DA. Increased cerebral uptake and oxidation of exogenous betaHB improves ATP following traumatic brain injury in adult rats. Journal of Neurochemistry 2004; 90: 666–672
  • Sharpe JC, Arnoult D, Youle RJ. Control of mitochondrial permeability by Bcl-2 family members. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 2004; 1644: 107–113
  • Annis MG, Soucie EL, Dlogosz PJ, Cruz-Acado JA, Penn LZ, Leber B, Andrews DW. Bax forms multispanning momomers that oligomerize to permeabilize membranes during apoptosis. The EMBO Journal 2005; 24: 2096–2103
  • Jurgensmeier JM, Xie Z, Derveraux Q, Ellerby L, Bredesen D, Reed JC. Bax directly induces release of cytochrome c from isolated mitochondria. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 1998; 95: 4997–5002
  • White FA, Keller-Peck CR, Knudson CM, Korsmeyer SJ, Snider WD. Widespread elimination of naturally occurring neuronal death in Bax-deficient mice. Journal of Neuroscience 1998; 18: 1428–1439
  • Dlugosz PJ, Billen LP, Annis MG, Zhu W, Zhang Z, Lin J, Leber B, Andrews DW. Bcl-2 changes conformation to inhibit Bax oligomerization. The EMBO Journal 2006; 25: 2287–2296
  • Linnik MD, Zahos R, Geschwind MD, Federoff HJ. Expression of bcl-2 from a defective herpes simplex virus-1 vector limits neuronal death in focal cerebral ischemia. Stroke 1995; 26: 1670–1674
  • Martinou JC, Dubois-Dauphin M, Staple JK, Rodriguez I, Frankowski H, Missotten M, Albertini P, Talabot D, Catsicas S, Pietral C. Overexpression of bcl-2 in transgenic mice protects neurons from naturally occurring cell death and experimental ischemia. Neuron 1994; 13: 1017–1030
  • Raghupathi R, Fernandez SC, Murai H, Trusko SP, Scott RW, Nishioka WK, McIntosh TK. Bcl-2 overexpression attenuates cortical cell loss after traumatic brain injury in transgenic mice. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism 1998; 18: 1259–1269
  • Hochman A, Sternin H, Gorodin S, Korsmeyer S, Ziv I, Melamed E, Offen D. Enhanced oxidative stress and altered antioxidants in brains of Bcl-2-deficient mice. Journal of Neurochemistry 1998; 71: 741–748
  • Matzilevich DA, Rall JM, Moore AN, Grill RJ, Dash PK. High-density microarray analysis of hippocampal gene expression following experimental brain injury. Journal of Neuroscience Research 2002; 67: 646–663
  • Raghupathi R, Strauss KI, Zhang C, Krajewski S, Reed JC, McIntosh TK. Temporal alterations in cellular Bax:Bcl-2 ratio following traumatic brain injury in the rat. Journal of Neurotrauma 2003; 20: 421–435
  • Yao XL, Liu J, Lee E, Ling GS, McCabe JT. Progesterone differentially regulates pro- and anti-apoptotic gene expression in cerebral cortex following traumatic brain injury in rats. Journal of Neurotrauma 2005; 22: 656–668
  • Liou AK, Clark RS, Henshall DC, Yin XM, Chen J. To die or not to die for neurons in ischemia, traumatic brain injury and epilepsy: A review on the stress-activated signaling pathways and apoptotic pathways. Progress in Neurobiology 2003; 69: 103–142
  • Yakovlev AG, Knoblach SM, Fan L, Fox GB, Goodnight R, Faden AI. Activation of CPP32-like caspases contributes to neuronal apoptosis and neurological dysfunction after traumatic brain injury. Journal of Neuroscience 1997; 17: 7415–7424
  • Cheng B, Yang X, Hou Z, Lin X, Meng H, Li Z, Liu S. D-beta-hydroxybutyrate inhibits the apoptosis of PC12 cells induced by 6-OHDA in relation to up-regulating the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax mRNA. Autonomic Neuroscience 2007; 134: 38–44

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.