Is there a relationship between postural alignment and mobility for adults after acquired brain injury? A systematic review

References

• Williams G, Willmott C. Higher levels of mobility are associated with greater societal participation and better quality-of-life. Brain Inj. 2012;26(9):1065–71.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van de Port IG, Kwakkel G, Schepers VP, Lindeman E. Predicting mobility outcome one year after stroke: A prospective cohort study. J Rehabil Med. 2006;38(4):218–23.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AIHW. 2007. Disability in Australia: Acquired brain injury. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Available from http://www.aihw.gov.au/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=6442453666.
   Google Scholar
• Arango-Lasprilla JC, Ketchum JM, Cifu D, Hammond F, Castillo C, Nicholls E, Watanabe T, Lequerica A, Deng X. Predictors of extended rehabilitation length of stay after traumatic brain injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2010;91(10):1495–504.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Humphreys I, Wood RL, Phillips CJ, Macey S. The costs of traumatic brain injury: A literature review. Clinicoecon Outcomes Res. 2013;5:281–7.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dawson DR, Chipman M. The disablement experienced by traumatically brain-injured adults living in the community. Brain Inj. 1995;9(4):339–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tate RL, Broe GA, Cameron ID, Hodgkinson AE, Soo CA. Pre-injury, injury and early post-injury predictors of long-term functional and psychosocial recovery after severe traumatic brain injury. Brain Impairment. 2005;6(02):75–89.
   Google Scholar
• Douglas JM. Conceptualizing self and maintaining social connection following severe traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj. 2013;27(1):60–74.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ownsworth T, Haslam C. Impact of rehabilitation on self-concept following traumatic brain injury: An exploratory systematic review of intervention methodology and efficacy. Neuropsychol Rehabil. 2016;26(1):1–35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Velzen JM, van Bennekom CAM, Edelaar MJA, Sluiter JK, Frings-Dresen MHW. How many people return to work after acquired brain injury? A systematic review. Brain Inj. 2009;23(6):473–88.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood RL, Liossi C, Wood L. The impact of head injury neurobehavioural sequelae on personal relationships: Preliminary findings. Brain Inj. 2005;19(10):845–51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perry L, Middleton S. An investigation of family carers’ needs following stroke survivors’ discharge from acute hospital care in Australia. Disabil Rehabil. 2011;33(19–20):1890–900.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Heugten C, Visser-Meily A, Post M, Lindeman E. Care for carers of stroke patients: Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. J Rehabil Med. 2006;38(3):153–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perry J, Garrett M, Gronley JK, Mulroy SJ. Classification of walking handicap in the stroke population. Stroke. 1995;26(6):982–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iezzoni LI, McCarthy EP, Davis RB, Siebens H. Mobility difficulties are not only a problem of old age. J Gen Intern Med. 2001;16(4):235–43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green J, Forster A, Bogle S, Young J. Physiotherapy for patients with mobility problems more than 1 year after stroke: A randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2002;359(9302):199–203.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bohannon RW, Williams Andrews A, Smith MB. Rehabilitation goals of patients with hemiplegia. Int J Rehabil Res. 1988;11(2):181–84.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Craig LE, Wu O, Bernhardt J, Langhorne P. Predictors of poststroke mobility: Systematic review. Int J Stroke. 2011;6(4):321–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Killington MJ, Mackintosh SF, Ayres M. An isokinetic muscle strengthening program for adults with an acquired brain injury leads to meaningful improvements in physical function. Brain Inj. 2010;24(7–8):970–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ada L, Dorsch S, Canning CG. Strengthening interventions increase strength and improve activity after stroke: A systematic review. Aust J Physiother. 2006;52(4):241–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Killington MJ, Mackintosh SF, Ayres MB. Isokinetic strength training of lower limb muscles following acquired brain injury. Brain Inj. 2010;24(12):1399–407.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teixeira-Salmela LF, Nadeau S, McBride I, Olney SJ. Effects of muscle strengthening and physical conditioning training on temporal, kinematic and kinetic variables during gait in chronic stroke survivors. J Rehabil Med. 2001;33(2):53–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim CM, Eng JJ. The relationship of lower-extremity muscle torque to locomotor performance in people with stroke. Phys Ther. 2003;83(1):49–57.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams G, Galna B, Morris ME, Olver J. Spatiotemporal deficits and kinematic classification of gait following a traumatic brain injury: A systematic review. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2010;25(5):366–74.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams G, Schache A, Morris ME. Running abnormalities after traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj. 2013;27(4):434–43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hassett LM, Tate RL, Moseley AM, Gillett LE. Injury severity, age and pre-injury exercise history predict adherence to a home-based exercise programme in adults with traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj. 2011;25(7–8):698–706.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Basford JR, Chou LS, Kaufman KR, Brey RH, Walker A, Malec JF, Moessner AM, Brown AW. An assessment of gait and balance deficits after traumatic brain injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2003;84(3):343–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garland SJ, Ivanova TD, Mochizuki G. Recovery of standing balance and health-related quality of life after mild or moderately severe stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2007;88(2):218–27.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howe JA, Inness EL, Venturini A, Williams JI, Verrier MC. The Community Balance and Mobility Scale-a balance measure for individuals with traumatic brain injury. Clin Rehabil. 2006;20(10):885–95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cantin JF, McFadyen BJ, Doyon J, Swaine B, Dumas D, Vallee M. Can measures of cognitive function predict locomotor behaviour in complex environments following a traumatic brain injury? Brain Inj. 2007;21(3):327–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson D, Thornton H, Turner-Stokes L. Can young severely disabled stroke patients regain the ability to walk independently more than three months post stroke? Clin Rehabil. 2000;14(5):538–47.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perry SB, Marchetti GF, Wagner S, Wilton W. Predicting caregiver assistance required for sit-to-stand following rehabilitation for acute stroke. J Neurol Phys Ther. 2006;30(1):2–11.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Inness EL, Howe JA, Niechwiej-Szwedo E, Jaglal SB, McIlroy WE, Verrier MC. Measuring balance and mobility after traumatic brain injury: Validation of the community balance and mobility scale (CB&M). Physiother Can. 2011;63(2):199–208.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ng SS. Contribution of subjective balance confidence on functional mobility in subjects with chronic stroke. Disabil Rehabil. 2011;33(23–24):2291–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dodd KJ, Morris ME. Lateral pelvic displacement during gait: Abnormalities after stroke and changes during the first month of rehabilitation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2003;84(8):1200–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams GP, Schache AG. Evaluation of a conceptual framework for retraining high-level mobility following traumatic brain injury: Two case reports. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2010;25(3):164–72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tyson SF. Trunk kinematics in hemiplegic gait and the effect of walking aids. Clin Rehabil. 1999;13(4):295–300.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams GP, Schache AG, Morris ME. Mobility after traumatic brain injury: Relationships with ankle joint power generation and motor skill level. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2013;28(5):371–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams G, Morris ME, Schache A, McCrory PR. People Preferentially Increase Hip Joint Power Generation to Walk Faster Following Traumatic Brain Injury. Neurorehabil. Neural Repair. 2010;24(6):550–58.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chung CY, Park MS, Lee SH, Kong SJ, Lee KM. Kinematic aspects of trunk motion and gender effect in normal adults. J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2010;7:9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sartor C, Alderink G, Greenwald H, Elders L. Critical kinematic events occurring in the trunk during walking. Human Movement Sci. 1999;18(5):669–79.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cromwell RL, Aadland-Monahan TK, Nelson AT, Stern-Sylvestre SM, Seder B. Sagittal plane analysis of head, neck, and trunk kinematics and electromyographic activity during locomotion. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2001;31(5):255–62.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krebs DE, Wong D, Jevsevar D, Riley PO, Hodge WA. Trunk kinematics during locomotor activities. Phys Ther. 1992;72(7):505–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romkes J, Peeters W, Oosterom AM, Molenaar S, Bakels I, Brunner R. Evaluating upper body movements during gait in healthy children and children with diplegic cerebral palsy. J Pediatr Orthop B. 2007;16(3):175–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams G, Morris ME, Schache A, McCrory PR. Incidence of gait abnormalities after traumatic brain injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2009;90(4):587–93.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verheyden G, Ruesen C, Gorissen M, Brumby V, Moran R, Burnett M, Ashburn A. Postural alignment is altered in people with chronic stroke and related to motor and functional performance. J Neurol Phys Ther. 2014;38(4):239–45.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor D, Ashburn A, Ward C. Asymmetrical trunk posture, unilateral neglect and motor performance following stroke. Clin Rehabil. 1994;8(1):48–52.
   Google Scholar
• Dickstein R, Sheffi S, Ben Haim Z, Shabtai E, Markovici E. Activation of flexor and extensor trunk muscles in hemiparesis. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2000;79(3):228–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dickstein R, Shefi S, Marcovitz E, Villa Y. Anticipatory postural adjustment in selected trunk muscles in post stroke hemiparetic patients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2004;85(2):261–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dickstein R, Shefi S, Marcovitz E, Villa Y. Electromyographic activity of voluntarily activated trunk flexor and extensor muscles in post-stroke hemiparetic subjects. Clin Neurophysiol. 2004;115(4):790–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bohannon RW, Cassidy D, Walsh S. Trunk muscle strength is impaired multidirectionally after stroke. Clin Rehabil. 1995;9(1):47–51.
   Google Scholar
• Karatas M, Cetin N, Bayramoglu M, Dilek A. Trunk muscle strength in relation to balance and functional disability in unihemispheric stroke patients. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2004;83(2):81–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanaka S, Hachisuka K, Ogata H. Muscle strength of trunk flexion-extension in post-stroke hemiplegic patients. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 1998;77(4):288–90.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. Ann Intern Med. 2009;151(4):264–9, w64.
   Google Scholar
• Tyson S. A systematic review of methods to measure posture. Phys Ther Rev. 2003;8(1):45.
   Google Scholar
• Duclos C, Nadeau S, Lecours J. Lateral trunk displacement and stability during sit-to-stand transfer in relation to foot placement in patients with hemiparesis. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2008;22(6):715–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kairy D. New insight into postural adjustments during locomotion post stroke [thesis]. McGill University, Montreal, QC; 2002.
   Google Scholar
• Lecours J, Nadeau S, Gravel D, Teixera-Salmela L. Interactions between foot placement, trunk frontal position, weight-bearing and knee moment asymmetry at seat-off during rising from a chair in healthy controls and persons with hemiparesis. J Rehabil Med. 2008;40(3):200–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lamontagne A, De Serres SJ, Fung J, Paquet N. Stroke affects the coordination and stabilization of head, thorax and pelvis during voluntary horizontal head motions performed in walking. Clin Neurophysiol. 2005;116(1):101–11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lamontagne A, Fung J. Gaze and postural reorientation in the control of locomotor steering after stroke. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2009;23(3):256–66.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mah CD, Hulliger M, O’Callaghan IS, Lee RG. Quantitative kinematics of gait patterns during the recovery period after stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 1999;8(5):312–29.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sousa CO, Barela JA, Prado-Medeiros CL, Salvini TF, Barela AM. Gait training with partial body weight support during overground walking for individuals with chronic stroke: A pilot study. J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2011;8:48.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kao PC, Dingwell JB, Higginson JS, Binder-Macleod S. Dynamic instability during post-stroke hemiparetic walking. Gait Posture. 2014;40(3):457–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Bujanda E, Nadeau S, Bourbonnais D. Pelvic and shoulder movements in the frontal plane during treadmill walking in adults with stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2004;13(2):58–69.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• De Bujanda E, Nadeau S, Bourbonnais D, Dickstein R. Associations between lower limb impairments, locomotor capacities and kinematic variables in the frontal plane during walking in adults with chronic stroke. J Rehabil Med. 2003;35(6):259–64.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Egan LD. The analysis of gait kinematics of participants in the subacute phase of stroke with and without a front-wheeled rolling walker [dissertation]. Florida Gulf Coast University, Ann Arbor, MI; 2015. 25 p.
   Google Scholar
• Hacmon RR, Krasovsky T, Lamontagne A, Levin MF. Deficits in intersegmental trunk coordination during walking are related to clinical balance and gait function in chronic stroke. J Neurol Phys Ther. 2012;36(4):173–81.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brouwer B, Parvataneni K, Olney SJ. A comparison of gait biomechanics and metabolic requirements of overground and treadmill walking in people with stroke. Clin Biomechanics. 2009;24(9):729–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris-Love ML, Forrester LW, Macko RF, Silver KHC, Smith GV. Hemiparetic gait parameters in overground versus treadmill walking. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2001;15(2):105–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tyson S, Connell L. The psychometric properties and clinical utility of measures of walking and mobility in neurological conditions: A systematic review. Clin Rehabil. 2009;23(11):1018–33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winter DA. Human balance and posture control during standing and walking. Gait Posture. 1995;3(4):193–214.
   Google Scholar
• Sorinola IO, Powis I, White CM. Does additional exercise improve trunk function recovery in stroke patients? A meta-analysis. NeuroRehabilitation. 2014;35(2):205–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cabanas-Valdes R, Cuchi GU, Bagur-Calafat C. Trunk training exercises approaches for improving trunk performance and functional sitting balance in patients with stroke: A systematic review. NeuroRehabilitation. 2013;33(4):575–92.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Sèze M, Wiart L, Bon-Saint-Côme A, Debelleix X, de Sèze M, Joseph P-A, Mazaux J-M, Barat M. Rehabilitation of postural disturbances of hemiplegic patients by using trunk control retraining during exploratory exercises. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2001;82(6):793–800.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mazza C, Stanhope SJ, Taviani A, Cappozzo A. Biomechanic modeling of sit-to-stand to upright posture for mobility assessment of persons with chronic stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2006;87(5):635–41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferrarello F, Bianchi VA, Baccini M, Rubbieri G, Mossello E, Cavallini MC, Marchionni N, Di Bari M. Tools for observational gait analysis in patients with stroke: A systematic review. Phys Ther. 2013;93(12):1673–85.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lord SE, Halligan PW, Wade DT. Visual gait analysis: The development of a clinical assessment and scale. Clin Rehabil. 1998;12(2):107–19.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daly JJ, Nethery J, McCabe JP, Brenner I, Rogers J, Gansen J, Butler K, Burdsall R, Roenigk K, Holcomb J. Development and testing of the gait assessment and intervention tool (G.A.I.T.): A measure of coordinated gait components. J Neurosci Methods. 2009;178(2):334–9.
   Google Scholar
• Hughes KA, Bell F. Visual assessment of hemiplegic gait following stroke: Pilot study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1994;75(10):1100–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodkin R, Diller L. Reliability among physical therapists in diagnosis and treatment of gait deviations in hemiplegics. Perceptual Motor Skills. 1973;37(3):727–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pizzi A, Carlucci G, Falsini C, Lunghi F, Verdesca S, Grippo A. Gait in hemiplegia: Evaluation of clinical features with the Wisconsin Gait Scale. J Rehabil Med. 2007;39(2):170–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hillier S, Comans T, Sutton M, Amsters D, Kendall M. Development of a participatory process to address fragmented application of outcome measurement for rehabilitation in community settings. Disabil Rehabil. 2010;32(6):511–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salbach NM, Guilcher SJ, Jaglal SB. Physical therapists’ perceptions and use of standardized assessments of walking ability post-stroke. J Rehabil Med. 2011;43(6):543–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooke EV, Tallis RC, Clark A, Pomeroy VM. Efficacy of functional strength training on restoration of lower-limb motor function early after stroke: Phase I randomized controlled trial. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2010;24(1):88–96.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pollock A, Baer G, Pomeroy V, Langhorne P. Physiotherapy treatment approaches for the recovery of postural control and lower limb function following stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007(1):Cd001920.
   Google Scholar
• McGinley JL, Baker R, Wolfe R, Morris ME. The reliability of three-dimensional kinematic gait measurements: A systematic review. Gait Posture. 2009;29(3):360–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams G, Morris ME, Schache A, McCrory P. Observational gait analysis in traumatic brain injury: Accuracy of clinical judgment. Gait Posture. 2009;29(3):454–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fortin C, Feldman DE, Cheriet F, Labelle H. Clinical methods for quantifying body segment posture: A literature review. Disabil Rehabil. 2011;33(5):367–83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iyengar YR, Vijayakumar K, Abraham JM, Misri ZK, Suresh BV, Unnikrishnan B. Relationship between postural alignment in sitting by photogrammetry and seated postural control in post-stroke subjects. NeuroRehabilitation. 2014;35(2):181–90.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collin C, Wade D. Assessing motor impairment after stroke: A pilot reliability study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1990;53(7):576–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fujiwara T, Liu M, Tsuji T, Sonoda S, Mizuno K, Akaboshi K, Hase K, Masakado Y, Chino N. Development of a new measure to assess trunk impairment after stroke (trunk impairment scale): Its psychometric properties. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2004;83(9):681–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montecchi MG, Muratori A, Lombardi F, Morrone E, Brianti R. Trunk Recovery Scale: A new tool to measure posture control in patients with severe acquired brain injury. A study of the psychometric properties. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2013;49(3):341–51.
   Google Scholar
• Verheyden G, Nieuwboer A, Mertin J, Preger R, Kiekens C, De Weerdt W. The Trunk Impairment Scale: A new tool to measure motor impairment of the trunk after stroke. Clin Rehabil. 2004;18(3):326–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benaim C, Pérennou DA, Villy J, Rousseaux M, Pelissier JY. Validation of a standardized assessment of postural control in stroke patients: The postural assessment scale for stroke patients (PASS). Stroke. 1999;30(9):1862–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hillier SL, Sharpe MH, Metzer J. Outcomes 5 years post-traumatic brain injury (with further reference to neurophysical impairment and disability). Brain Inj. 1997;11(9):661–75.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lubetzky-Vilnai A, Kartin D. The effect of balance training on balance performance in individuals poststroke: A systematic review. J Neurol Phys Ther. 2010;34(3):127–37.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lynch EA, Luker JA, Cadilhac DA, Hillier SL. Rehabilitation assessments for patients with stroke in Australian hospitals do not always reflect the patients’ rehabilitation requirements. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2015;96(5):782–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams G, Clark R, Schache A, Fini NA, Moore L, Morris ME, McCrory PR. Training conditions influence walking kinematics and self-selected walking speed in patients with neurological impairments. J Neurotrauma. 2011;28(2):281–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar