The effectiveness of methylphenidate in improving cognition after brain injury in adults: a systematic review

References

• National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Head Injury: assessment and early management. Clinical guideline (CG176); 2017. Available from: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg176.
   Google Scholar
• Phillips JP, Devier DJ, Feeney DM.Rehabilitation pharmacology: bridging laboratory work to clinical application. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2003;18(4):342–56.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Preston J, O’Neal JH, Talaga MC. Handbook of clinical psychopharmacology for therapists. Oakland: New Harbinger Publications; 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Leonard BE, McCartan D, White J, DJ K.Methylphenidate: a review of its neuropharmacological, neuropsychological and adverse clinical effects. Hum Psychopharmacol Clin Exp. 2004;19(3):151–80.doi:10.1002/hup.579.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fujimoto ST, Longhi L, Saatman KE, McIntosh TK.Motor and cognitive function evaluation following experimental traumatic brain injury. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2004;28(4):365–78.doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2004.06.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jennett B, Snoek J, Bond MR, Brooks N.Disability after severe head injury: observations on the use of the Glasgow Outcome Scale. J Neurol Neurosurg & Psychiatry. 1981;44(4):285–93.doi:10.1136/jnnp.44.4.285.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee HB, Lyketsos CG, Rao V.Pharmacological management of the psychiatric aspects of traumatic brain injury. Int Rev Psychiatry. 2003;15(4):359–70.doi:10.1080/09540260310001606746.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levin HS, Jr HE G, Eisenberg HM, Ruff RM, Barth JT, Kreutzer J, Jr WM H, Portman S, Foulkes MA, Jane JA, et al.Neurobehavioral outcome 1 year after severe head injury: experience of the Traumatic Coma Data Bank. J Neurosurg. 1990;73(5):699–709.doi:10.3171/jns.1990.73.5.0699.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mazaux JM, Masson F, Levin HS, Alaoui P, Maurette P, Barat M.Long-term neuropsychological outcome and loss of social autonomy after traumatic brain injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1997;78(12):1316–20.doi:10.1016/s0003-9993(97)90303-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Millis SR, Rosenthal M, Novack TA, Sherer M, Nick TG, Kreutzer JS, Jr WM H, Ricker JH.Long-term neuropsychological outcome after traumatic brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2001;16(4):343–55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parente R, DeMott E, Johnson C, Jennings P, Silver R.Measuring and manipulating subjective organization after traumatic brain injury. Neurorehabilitation. 2011;29(2):117–24.doi:10.3233/NRE-2011-0685.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rao V, Lyketsos C.Neuropsychiatric sequelae of traumatic brain injury. Psychosomatics. 2000;41(2):95–103.doi:10.1176/appi.psy.41.2.95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salmond CH, Sahakian BJ.Cognitive outcome in traumatic brain injury survivors. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2005;11(2):111–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Willmott C, Ponsford J.Efficacy of methylphenidate in the rehabilitation of attention following traumatic brain injury: a randomised, crossover, double blind, placebo controlled inpatient trial. J Neurol Neurosurg & Psychiatry. 2009;80(5):552–57.doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.159632.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johansson B, Wentzel AP, Andréll P, Mannheimer C, Rönnbäck L.Methylphenidate reduces mental fatigue and improves processing speed in persons suffered a traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury. 2015;29(6):758–65.doi:10.3109/02699052.2015.1004747.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim YH, Ko MH, Na SY, Park SH, Kim KW.Effects of single-dose methylphenidate on cognitive performance in patients with traumatic brain injury: a double-blind placebo-controlled study. Clin Rehabil. 2006;20(1):24–30.doi:10.1191/0269215506cr927oa.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wheaton P, Mathias JL, Vink R.Impact of pharmacological treatments on cognitive and behavioral outcome in the postacute stages of adult traumatic brain injury: a meta-analysis. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2011;31(6):745–57.doi:10.1097/JCP.0b013e318235f4ac.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kraus MF.Neuropsychiatric sequelae of stroke and traumatic brain injury: the role of psychostimulants. Int J Psychiatry Med. 1995;25(1):39–51.doi:10.2190/BXRM-3M58-WBC5-A7EL.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whyte J, Vaccaro M, Grieb-Neff P, Hart T.Psychostimulant use in the rehabilitation of individuals with traumatic brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2002;17(4):284–99.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warden DL, Gordon B, McAllister TW, Silver JM, Barth JT, Bruns J, Drake A, Gentry T, Jagoda A, Katz DI, et al.Guidelines for the pharmacologic treatment of neurobehavioral sequelae of traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma. 2006;23(10):1468–501.doi:10.1089/neu.2006.23.1468.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang WT, Wang YF. Efficacy of methylphenidate for the treatment of mental sequelae after traumatic brain injury. Medicine. 2017;96:25.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aman MG, Vamos M, Werry JS.Effects of methylphenidate in normal adults with reference to drug action in hyperactivity. Aust N Z J J Psychiatry. 1984;18(1):86–88.doi:10.3109/00048678409161040.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elliott R, Sahakian BJ, Matthews K, Bannerjea A, Rimmer J, Robbins TW.Effects of methylphenidate on spatial working memory and planning in healthy young adults. Psychopharmacology. 1997;131(2):196–206.doi:10.1007/s002130050284.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mehta MA, Owen AM, Sahakian BJ, Mavaddat N, Pickard JD, Robbins TW.Methylphenidate enhances working memory by modulating discrete frontal and parietal lobe regions in the human brain. J Neurosci. 2000;20(6):RC65.doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.20-06-j0004.2000.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogers RD, Blackshaw AJ, Middleton HC, Matthews K, Hawtin K, Crowley C, Hopwood A, Wallace C, Deakin JF, Sahakian BJ, et al.Tryptophan depletion impairs stimulus-reward learning while methylphenidate disrupts attentional control in healthy young adults: implications for the monoaminergic basis of impulsive behaviour. Psychopharmacology. 1999;146(4):482–91.doi:10.1007/pl00005494.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gualtieri CT.Pharmacotherapy and the neurobehavioural sequelae of traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury. 1988;2(2):101–29.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shue KL, Douglas VI.Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and the frontal lobe syndrome. Brain Cogn. 1992;20(1):104–24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whyte J.Neurologic disorders of attention and arousal: assessment and treatment. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1992;73(11):1094–103.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kempton S, Vance A, Maruff P, Luk E, Costin J, Pantelis C.Executive function and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: stimulant medication and better executive function performance in children. Psychol Med. 1999;29(3):527–38.doi:10.1017/s0033291799008338.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turner DC, Blackwell AD, Dowson JH, McLean A, Sahakian BJ.Neurocognitive effects of methylphenidate in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Psychopharmacology. 2005;178(2–3):286–95.doi:10.1007/s00213-004-1993-5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeiner P, Bryhn G, Bjercke C, Truyen K, Strand G.Response to methylphenidate in boys with attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder. Acta Paediatr. 1999;88(3):298–303.doi:10.1080/08035259950170060.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malone MA, Kershner JR, Swanson JM.Hemispheric processing and methylphenidate effects in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Child Neurol. 1994;9(2):181–89.doi:10.1177/088307389400900216.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wroblewski BA, Gtenn MB.Pharmacological treatment of arousal and cognitive deficits. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 1994;9(3):19–42.doi:10.1097/00001199-199409000-00004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Challman TD, Lipsky JJ.Methylphenidate: its pharmacology and uses. In Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 2000;75(7):711–21.doi:10.4065/75.7.711.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maher CG, Sherrington C, Herbert RD, Moseley AM, Elkins M.Reliability of the PEDro scale for rating quality of randomized controlled trials. Phys Ther. 2003;83(8):713–21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brandt C, Sole G, Krause MW, Nel M.An evidence-based review on the validity of the Kaltenborn rule as applied to the glenohumeral joint. Man Ther. 2007;12(1):3–11.doi:10.1016/j.math.2006.02.011.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Morton NA.The PEDro scale is a valid measure of the methodological quality of clinical trials: a demographic study. Aust J Physiother. 2009;55(2):129–33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foley NC, Bhogal SK, Teasell RW, Bureau Y, Speechley MR.Estimates of quality and reliability with the physiotherapy evidence-based database scale to assess the methodology of randomized controlled trials of pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions. Phys Ther. 2006;86(6):817–24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Macedo LG, Elkins MR, Maher CG, Moseley AM, Herbert RD, Sherrington C.There was evidence of convergent and construct validity of Physiotherapy Evidence Database quality scale for physiotherapy trials. J Clin Epidemiol. 2010;63(8):920–25.doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.10.005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shiwa SR, Costa LO, Costa LD, Moseley A, Hespanhol Junior LC, Venâncio R, Ruggero C, Sato TD, Lopes AD.Reproducibility of the Portuguese version of the PEDro Scale. Cad Saude Publica. 2011;27(10):2063–68.doi:10.1590/s0102-311x2011001000019.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Peppen RP, Kwakkel G, Wood-Dauphinee S, Hendriks HJ, Van der Wees PJ, Dekker J.The impact of physical therapy on functional outcomes after stroke: what’s the evidence? Clin Rehabil. 2004;18(8):833–62.doi:10.1191/0269215504cr843oa.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Peppen RP, Kortsmit M, Lindeman E, Kwakkel G. Effects of visual feedback therapy on postural control in bilateral standing after stroke: a systematic review. J Rehabil Med. 2006;38:3–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elkins MR, Moseley AM, Sherrington C, Herbert RD, Maher CG. Growth in the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) and use of the PEDro scale. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2013;47(4):188-189.
   Google Scholar
• Straus SE, Richardson WS, Glasziou P, Haynes RB. Evidencebased medicine: how to practice and teach EBM. 3rd ed. Toronto: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Kim J, Whyte J, Patel S, Europa E, Wang J, Coslett HB, Detre JA.Methylphenidate modulates sustained attention and cortical activation in survivors of traumatic brain injury: a perfusion fMRI study. Psychopharmacology. 2012;222(1):47–57.doi:10.1007/s00213-011-2622-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plenger PM, Dixon CE, Castillo RM, Frankowski RF, Yablon SA, Levin HS.Subacute methylphenidate treatment for moderate to moderately severe traumatic brain injury: a preliminary double-blind placebo-controlled study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1996;77(6):536–40.doi:10.1016/s0003-9993(96)90291-9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whyte J, Hart T, Schuster K, Fleming M, Polansky M, Coslett HB.Effects of methylphenidate on attentional function after traumatic brain injury: A randomized, placebo-controlled tria1. Am J Phy Med Rehabil. 1997;76(6):440–50.doi:10.1097/00002060-199711000-00002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whyte J, Hart T, Vaccaro M, Grieb-Neff P, Risser A, Polansky M, Coslett HB.Effects of methylphenidate on attention deficits after traumatic brain injury: a multidimensional, randomized, controlled trial. Am J Phy Med Rehabil. 2004;83(6):401–20.doi:10.1097/01.PHM.0000128789.75375.D3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Adawi S, Calvanio R, Dorvlo A, Costa RE, Mello JJ, Huynh CC, Shah MK, Chae H, Burke DT. The effect of methylphenidate on attention in acquired brain injury as recorded by useful field of view. J Appl Res. 2005;5:61–72.
   Google Scholar
• Kaelin DL, Cifu DX, Matthies B.Methylphenidate effect on attention deficit in the acutely brain-injured adult. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1996;77(1):6–9.doi:10.1016/s0003-9993(96)90211-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johansson B, Wentzel AP, Andréll P, Rönnbäck L, Mannheimer C.Long‐term treatment with methylphenidate for fatigue after traumatic brain injury. Acta Neurol Scand. 2017;135(1):100–07.doi:10.1111/ane.12587.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans RW, Gualtieri CT, Patterson DR. Treatment of chronic closed head injury with psychostimulant drugs: A controlled case study and an appropriate evaluation procedure. J Nerv Mental Dis. 1987. doi:10.1097/00005053-198702000-00007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnsten AF, Robbins TW. Neurochemical modulation of prefrontal cortical function in humans and animals. Principles of Frontal Lobe Function. 2002;27:51–84.
   Google Scholar
• Manktelow AE, Menon DK, Sahakian BJ, Stamatakis EA. Working memory after traumatic brain injury: the neural basis of improved performance with methylphenidate. Front Behav Neurosci. 2017;11:58.doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00246.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moein H, Khalili HA, Keramatian K.Effect of methylphenidate on ICU and hospital length of stay in patients with severe and moderate traumatic brain injury. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2006;108(6):539–42.doi:10.1016/j.clineuro.2005.09.003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stuss DT.Traumatic brain injury: relation to executive dysfunction and the frontal lobes. Curr Opin Neurol. 2011;24(6):584–89.doi:10.1097/WCO.0b013e32834c7eb9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walker WC, Bell KR, Watanabe TK.Use of methylphenidate during inpatient rehabilitation after traumatic brain injury. PM&R. 2012;4(10):778–82.doi:10.1016/j.pmrj.2012.09.584.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alban JP, Hopson MM, Ly V, Whyte J.Effect of methylphenidate on vital signs and adverse effects in adults with traumatic brain injury. Am J Phy Med Rehabil. 2004;83(2):131–37.doi:10.1097/01.phm.0000112308.68586.1d.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ritalin [package insert]. Physicians’ Desk Reference, edition 45. Oradell: Medical Economics. 1991;865-866.
   Google Scholar
• Zimmermann LL, Martin RM, Girgis F.Treatment options for posttraumatic epilepsy. Curr Opin Neurol. 2017;30(6):580–86.doi:10.1097/WCO.0000000000000505.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wroblewski BA, Leary JM, Phelan AM, Whyte J, Manning K.Methylphenidate and seizure frequency in brain injured patients with seizure disorders. J Clin Psychiatry. 1992;53(3):86–89.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Åhman S, Saveman BI, Styrke J, Björnstig U, Stålnacke BM.Long-term follow-up of patients with mild traumatic brain injury: A mixed-methods study. J Rehabil Med. 2013;45(8):758–64.doi:10.2340/16501977-1182.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tilley AJ. An introduction to psychological research and statistics. Sarasota: Pineapple Press; 1996.
   Google Scholar
• Tenovuo O.Pharmacological enhancement of cognitive and behavioral deficits after traumatic brain injury. Curr Opin Neurol. 2006;19(6):528–33.doi:10.1097/WCO.0b013e328010944f.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grade C, Redford B, Chrostowski J, Toussaint L, Blackwell B.Methylphenidate in early poststroke recovery: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1998;79(9):1047–50.doi:10.1016/s0003-9993(98)90169-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyers CA, Weitzner MA, Valentine AD, Levin VA.Methylphenidate therapy improves cognition, mood, and function of brain tumor patients. J Clin Oncol. 1998;16(7):2522–27.doi:10.1200/JCO.1998.16.7.2522.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Speech TJ, Rao SM, Osmon DC, Sperry LT.A double-blind controlled study of methylphenidate treatment in closed head injury. Brain Injury. 1993;7(4):333–38.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McDonald BC, Flashman LA, Arciniegas DB, Ferguson RJ, Xing L, Harezlak J, Sprehn GC, Hammond FM, Maerlender AC, Kruck CL, et al.Methylphenidate and memory and attention adaptation training for persistent cognitive symptoms after traumatic brain injury: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2017;42(9):1766.doi:10.1038/npp.2016.261.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bryant RA, O’donnell ML, Creamer M, McFarlane AC, Clark CR, Silove D.The psychiatric sequelae of traumatic injury. Am J Psychiatry. 2010;167(3):312–20.doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.09050617.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fleminger S.Long-term psychiatric disorders after traumatic brain injury. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2008;25(S42):123–30.doi:10.1017/S0265021507001329.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hesdorffer DC, Rauch SL, Tamminga CA.Long-termpsychiatric outcomes following traumatic brain injury: a review of the literature. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2009;24(6):452–59.doi:10.1097/HTR.0b013e3181c133fd.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whelan-Goodinson R, Ponsford J, Johnston L, Grant F.Psychiatric disorders following traumatic brain injury: their nature and frequency. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2009;24(5):324–32.doi:10.1097/HTR.0b013e3181a712aa.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagner AK, Kline AE, Ren D, Willard LA, Wenger MK, Zafonte RD, Dixon CE.Gender associations with chronic methylphenidate treatment and behavioral performance following experimental traumatic brain injury. Behav Brain Res. 2007;181(2):200–09.doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2007.04.006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Napolitano E, Elovic EP, Qureshi AI.Pharmacological stimulant treatment of neurocognitive and functional deficits after traumatic and non-traumatic brain injury. Med Sci Monitor. 2005;11(6):RA212–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hufford BJ, Williams MK, Malec JF, Cravotta D.Use of behavioural contracting to increase adherence with rehabilitation treatments on an inpatient brain injury unit: A case report. Brain Injury. 2012;26(13–14):1743–49.doi:10.3109/02699052.2012.698791.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cortese S, D’Acunto G, Konofal E, Masi G, Vitiello B.New formulations of methylphenidate for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and tolerability. CNS Drugs. 2017;31(2):149–60.doi:10.1007/s40263-017-0409-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gau SS, Shen HY, Chou MC, Tang CS, Chiu YN, Gau CS.Determinants of adherence to methylphenidate and the impact of poor adherence on maternal and family measures. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2006;16(3):286–97.doi:10.1089/cap.2006.16.286.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olfson M, Marcus SC, Zhang HF, Wan GJ.Continuity in methylphenidate treatment of adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Man Care Pharm. 2007;13(7):570–77.doi:10.18553/jmcp.2007.13.7.570.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gajria K, Lu M, Sikirica V, Greven P, Zhong Y, Qin P, Xie J. Adherence, persistence, and medication discontinuation in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder–a systematic literature review. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2014;10:1543.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lage M, Hwang P. Effect of methylphenidate formulation for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder on patterns and outcomes of treatment. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2004 Dec 1;14(4):575–81. doi: 10.1089/cap.2004.14.575.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marcus SC, Wan GJ, Kemner JE, Olfson M. Continuity of methylphenidate treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2005 Jun 1;159(6):572–78. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.159.6.572.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McDonald HP, Garg AX, Haynes RB. Interventions to enhance patient adherence to medication prescriptions: scientific review. Jama. 2002 Dec 11;288(22):2868–79. doi: 10.1001/jama.288.22.2868.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dimatteo MR, Giordani PJ, Lepper HS, Croghan TW. Patient adherence and medical treatment outcomes a meta-analysis. Med Care. 2002;794–811. doi:10.1097/00005650-200209000-00009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Writer BW, Schillerstrom JE.Psychopharmacological treatment for cognitive impairment in survivors of traumatic brain injury: a critical review. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2009;21(4):362–70.doi:10.1176/jnp.2009.21.4.362.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar