References
- Armon‐Lotem, S., & Meir, N. (2016). Diagnostic accuracy of repetition tasks for the identification of specific language impairment (SLI) in bilingual children: Evidence from Russian and Hebrew. International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, 51(6), 715–731. https://doi.org/10.1111/1460-6984.12242
- Arosio, F., Branchini, C., Barbieri, L., & Guasti, M. T. (2014). Failure to produce direct object clitic pronouns as a clinical marker of SLI in school-aged Italian speaking children. Clinical linguistics & phonetics, 28(9), 639–663.
- Belacchi, C., SCALISI T, G., Cannoni, E., & Cornoldi, C. (2008). CPM. Coloured Progressive Matrices. Standarizzazione italiana. MANUALE (pp. 1–71). Giunti Organizzazioni Speciale.
- Belletti, A., & Hamann, C. (2004). On the L2/bilingual acquisition of French by two young children with different source languages. In P. Prévost & J. Paradis (Eds.), The acquisition of french in different contexts: Focus on functional categories (pp. 147–176). John Benjamins.
- Boerma, T., Chiat, S., Leseman, P., Timmermeister, M., Wijnen, F., & Blom, E. (2015). A quasi-universal nonword repetition task as a diagnostic tool for bilingual children learning Dutch as a second language. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 58(6), 1747–1760.
- Bonifacci, P., & Tobia, V. (2016). Crossing barriers: Profiles of reading and comprehension skills in early and late bilinguals, poor comprehenders, reading impaired, and typically developing children. Learning and Individual Differences, 47, 17–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2015.12.013
- Bortolini, U., Arfé, B., Caselli, C. M., Degasperi, L., Deevy, P., & Leonard, L. B. (2006). Clinical markers for specific language impairment in Italian: The contribution of clitics and NWR. International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, 41(6), 695–712. https://doi.org/10.1080/13682820600570831
- Chiat, S. (2015). Nonword repetition. In S. Armon-Lotem, J. de Jong, & N. Meir (Eds.), Assessing multilingual children: Disentangling bilingualism from language impairment (pp. 123–148). Multilingual Matters.
- Chondrogianni, V. (2008) The acquisition of determiners and clitic pronouns by child and adult L2 learners of Greek [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. University of Cambridge.
- Chondrogianni, V., Marinis, T., Edwards, S., & Blom, E. (2015). Production and on-line comprehension of definite articles and clitic pronouns by Greek sequential bilingual children and monolingual children with specific language impairment. Applied Psycholinguistics, 36(5), 1155–1191. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0142716414000101
- Cornoldi, C., Miato, L., Molin, A., & Poli, S. (2009). PRCR-2. Prove di prerequisito per la diagnosi delle difficoltá di lettura e scrittura. Giunti Organizzazioni Speciali.
- de Bree, E., Rispens, J., & Gerrits, E. (2007). NWR in Dutch children with (a risk of) dyslexia and SLI. Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics, 21(11–12), 935–944. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699200701576892
- Dispaldro, M., Leonard, L. B., & Deevy, P. (2013). Real-word and nonword repetition in Italian-speaking children with specific language impairment: A study of diagnostic accuracy. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 56(1), 323–336. https://doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2012/11-0304)
- Dollaghan, C., & Campbell, T. F. (1998). Nonword repetition and child language impairment. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 41(5), 1136–1146. https://doi.org/10.1044/jslhr.4105.1136
- Dollaghan, C. A., & Horner, E. A. (2011). Bilingual language assessment: A meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 54(4), 1077–1088. https://doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2010/10-0093)
- Dos Santos, C., & Ferré, S. (2018). A nonword repetition task to assess bilingual children’s phonology. Language Acquisition, 25 (1), 58–71. Dollaghan, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1080/10489223.2016.1243692.
- Edwards, J., & Lahey, M. (1998). Nonword repetitions of children with specific language impairment: Exploration of some explanations for their inaccuracies. Applied Psycholinguistics, 19(2), 278–309. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0142716400010079
- Fredman, S. (2006). Transformation or dilution: Fundamental rights in the EU social space. European Law Journal, 12(1), 41–60. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0386.2006.00306.x
- Gathercole, S. E., Willis, C., Baddeley, H., & Emslie, A. D. (1994). The children’s test of nonword repetition: A test of phonological working memory. Memory, 2(2), 103–127. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658219408258940
- Girbau, D., & Schwartz, R. G. (2008). Phonological working memory in Spanish-English bilingual children with and without specific language impairment. Journal of Communication Disorders, 41(2), 124–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomdis.2007.07.001
- Graf Estes, K., Evans, J., & Else-Quest, N. (2007). Differences in nonword repetition performance of children with and without specific language impairment: A meta-analysis. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 50(1), 177–195. https://doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2007/015)
- Grüter, T. (2005). Comprehension and production of French object clitics by child second language learners and children with specific language impairment. Applied Psycholinguistics, 26(3), 363–391. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0142716405050216
- Guasti, M. T., Palma, S., Genovese, E., Stagi, P., Saladini, G., & Arosio, F. (2016). The production of direct object clitics in pre-school and primary school-aged children with specific language impairments. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics, 30(9), 663–678. https://doi.org/10.3109/02699206.2016.1173100
- Gutiérrez-Clellen, V. F., & Simon-Cereijido, G. (2010). Using nonword repetition tasks for the identification of language impairment in Spanish-English-speaking children: Does the language of assessment matter? Learning Disabilities Research & Practice, 25(1), 48–58. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5826.2009.00300.x
- Håkansson, G. (2001). Tense morphology and verb-second in Swedish L1 children, L2 children and children with SLI. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 4(1), 85–99. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728901000141
- Hoff, E., Laursen, B., & Bridges, K. (2012). Measurement and model building in studying the influence of socioeconomic status on child development. In M. Lewis & L. Mayes (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of environment in human development (pp. 590–606). Cambridge University Press.
- Hulley, S. B., Cummings, S. R., Browner, W. S., Grady, D. G., & Newman, T. B. (2011). Designing clinical research. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
- Kohnert, K., Windsor, J., & Kim, D. (2006). Do language-based processing tasks separate children with Language Impairment from typical bilinguals? Learning Disabilities Research and Practice, 21(1), 19–29. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5826.2006.00204.x
- Konishi, H., Kanero, J., Freeman, M. R., Golinkoff, R. M., & Hirsh-Pasek, K. (2014). Six principles of language development: Implications for second language learners. Developmental Neuropsychology, 39(5), 404–420. https://doi.org/10.1080/87565641.2014.931961
- Kovelman, I., Baker, S. A., & Petitto, L. A. (2008). Age of first bilingual language exposure as a new window into bilingual reading development. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 11(2), 203–223. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728908003386
- Messer, M. H., Leseman, P. P. M., Boom, J., & Mayo, A. Y. (2010). Phonotactic probability effect in nonword recall and its relationship with vocabulary in monolingual and bilingual preschoolers. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 105(4), 306–323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2009.12.006
- Paradis, J., Emmerzael, K., & Sorenson Duncan, T. (2010). Assessment of english language learners: Using parent report on first language development. Journal of Communication Disorders, 43(6), 474–497. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomdis.2010.01.002
- Paradis, J., Genesee, F., & Crago, M. (2011). Dual language development and disorders: A handbook on bilingualism and second language learning (2nd ed.). Brookes.
- Peña, E. D., Gillam, R. B., Malek, M., Ruiz-Felter, R., Resendiz, M., Fiestas, C., & Sabel, T. (2006). Dynamic assessment of school-age children’s narrative ability: An experimental investigation of classification accuracy. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research.
- R Core Team. (2017). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Found. Stat. Comput. Vienna. http://www. R-project.org/.,pageRFoundationforStatisticalComputing
- Sackett, D. L., Hayes, R. B., Guyatt, G. H., & Tugwell, P. (1991). Clinical epidemiology — A basic science for clinical medicine (2nd ed.). Little, Brown, Churchill Livingstone.
- Sackett, D. L., & Haynes, R. B. (2002). Evidence base of clinical diagnosis: The architecture of diagnostic research. BMJ, 324(7336), 539–541. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.324.7336.539
- Sahlén, B., Reuterskiold-Wagner, C., Nettelbladt, U., & Radeborg, K. (1999). Nonword repetition in children with language impairment - pitfalls and possibilities. International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders, 34(3), 337–352. https://doi.org/10.1080/136828299247441
- Sharp, K. M., & Gathercole, V. C. M. (2013). Can a novel word repetition task be a language-neutral assessment tool? Evidence from Welsh-English bilingual children. Child Language Teaching and Therapy, 29(1), 77–89. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265659012465208
- Summers, C., Bohman, T. M., Gillam, R. B., Pen A, E. D., & Bedore, L. M. (2010). Bilingual performance on nonword repetition in Spanish and English. International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders, 45(4), 480–493. https://doi.org/10.3109/13682820903198058
- Thordardottir, E. (2008). Language-specific effects of task demands on the manifestation of specific language impairment: A comparison of English and Icelandic. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research.
- Thordardottir, E., & Brandeker, M. (2013). The effect of bilingual exposure versus language impairment on nonword repetition and sentence imitation scores. Journal of Communication Disorders, 46(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomdis.2012.08.002
- Tuller, L., Delage, H., Monjauze, C., Piller, A.-G., & Barthez, M.-A. (2011). Clitic pronoun production as a measure of atypical language development in French. Lingua, 121(3), 423–441. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2010.10.008
- Vender, M., Garraffa, M., Sorace, A., & Guasti, M. T. (2016). How early L2 children perform on Italian clinical markers of SLI: A study of clitic production and nonword repetition. Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics, 30(2), 150–169. https://doi.org/10.3109/02699206.2015.1120346
- Windsor, J., Kohnert, K., Lobitz, K. F., & Pham, G. T. (2010). Cross-language nonword repetition by bilingual and monolingual children. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 19(4), 298–310. https://doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360(2010/09-0064)
- Zweig, M. H., & Campbell, G. (1993). Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) plots: A fundamental evaluation tool in clinical medicine. Clinical Chemistry, 39(4), 561–577. https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/39.4.561