806
Views
71
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Dissociating the effects of attention and contingency awareness on evaluative conditioning effects in the visual paradigm

&
Pages 217-243 | Published online: 24 Jun 2011

  • Baeyens, F, Crombez, G, Van den Bergh, O, and Eelen, P, (1988). Once in contact always in contact: Evaluative conditioning is resistant to extinction, Advances in Behaviour Research and Therapy 10 ((1988)), pp. 179–199.
  • Baeyens, F, and De Houwer, J, (1995). Evaluative conditioning is a qualitatively distinct form of classical conditioning: A reply to Davey (1994), Behaviour Research and Therapy 33 ((1995)), pp. 825–831.
  • Baeyens, F, Eelen, P, and Crombez, G, (1995). Pavlovian associations are forever: On classical conditioning and extinction, Journal of Psychophysiology 9 ((1995)), pp. 127–141.
  • Baeyens, F, Eelen, P, Crombez, G, and Van den Bergh, O, (1992). Human evaluative conditioning: Acquisition trials, presentation schedule, evaluative style and contingency awareness, Behaviour Research and Therapy 30 ((1992)), pp. 133–142.
  • Baeyens, F, Eelen, P, and Van den Bergh, O, (1990). Contingency awareness in evaluative conditioning: A case for unaware affective‐evaluative learning, Cognition and Emotion 4 ((1990)), pp. 3–18.
  • Baeyens, F, Eelen, P, Van den Bergh, O, and Crombez, G, (1989). Acquired affective evaluative value: Conservative but not unchangeable, Behaviour Research and Therapy 27 ((1989)), pp. 279–287.
  • Carrier, LM, and Pashler, H, (1995). Attentional limits in memory retrieval, Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning Memory and Cognition 21 ((1995)), pp. 1339–1348.
  • Davey, GCL, (1994). Is evaluative conditioning a qualitatively distinct from of classical conditioning?, Behaviour Research and Therapy 32 ((1994)), pp. 291–299.
  • Dawson, ME, (1970). Cognition and conditioning: Effects of masking the CS‐US contingency on human GSR classical conditioning, Journal of Experimental Psychology 85 ((1970)), pp. 389–396.
  • Dawson, ME, Catania, JJ, Schell, AM, and Grings, WW, (1979). Autonomic classicial conditioning as a function of awareness of stimulus contingencies, Biological Psychology 9 ((1979)), pp. 23–40.
  • Dawson, ME, and Reardon, DP, (1973). Construct validity of recall and recognition post‐conditioning measures of awareness, Journal of Experimental Psychology 98 ((1973)), pp. 308–315.
  • Dawson, ME, and Schell, AM, (1982). Electrodermal responses to attended and nonattended significant stimuli during dichotic listening, Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception and Performance 8 ((1982)), pp. 315–324.
  • De Houwer, J, Baeyens, F, Vansteenwegen, D, and Eelen, P, (2000). Evaluative conditioning in the picture‐picture paradigm with random assignment of conditioned stimuli to unconditioned stimuli, Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior Processes 26 ((2000)), pp. 237–242.
  • De Houwer, J, Thomas, S, and Baeyens, F, (2001). Associative learning of likes and dislikes: a review of 25 years of research on human evaluative conditioning, Psychological Bulletin 126 ((2001)), pp. 853–869.
  • Díaz, E, Ruiz, G, and Baeyens, F, (2005). Resistance to extinction of human evaluative conditioning using a between‐subjects design, Cognition and Emotion 19 ((2005)), pp. 245–268.
  • Fagot, C, and Pashler, H, (1994). Repetition blindness: Perception of memory failure?, Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception and Performance 21 ((1994)), pp. 275–292.
  • Field, AP, (1996). "An appropriate control condition for evaluative conditioning.". (1996), (Cognitive Science Research Paper No. 431.) Brighton, UK: University of Sussex, School of Cognitive and Computing Science.
  • Field, AP, (1997). "Re‐evaluating evaluative conditioning.". (1997), Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.
  • Field, AP, (2000). I like it, but I'm not sure why: Can evaluative conditioning occur without conscious awareness?, Consciousness and Cognition 9 ((2000)), pp. 13–36.
  • Field, AP, (2001a). When all is still concealed: Are we closer to understanding the mechanisms underlying evaluative conditioning?, Consciousness and Cognition 10 ((2001a)), pp. 559–566.
  • Field, AP, (2001b). Meta‐analysis of correlation coefficients: A Monte Carlo comparison of fixed‐and random‐effects methods, Psychological Methods 6 ((2001b)), pp. 161–180.
  • Field, AP, (2003, March). "I don't like it because it eats Brussels sprouts: Evaluative conditioning in children". (2003, March), Paper presented at the British Psychological Society Annual Conference, Bournemouth, UK. Unpublished manuscript.
  • Field, AP, and Davey, GCL, (1997). Conceptual conditioning: Evidence for an artifactual account of evaluative learning, Learning and Motivation 28 ((1997)), pp. 446–464.
  • Field, AP, and Davey, GCL, (1998). Evaluative conditioning: Arte‐fact or ‐fiction? A reply to Baeyens, De Houwer, Vansteenwegen and Eelen (1998), Learning and Motivation 29 ((1998)), pp. 475–491.
  • Field, AP, and Davey, GCL, (1999). Reevaluating evaluative conditioning: A nonassociative explanation of conditioning effects in the visual evaluative conditioning paradigm, Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior Processes 25 ((1999)), pp. 211–224.
  • Field, AP, and Field, PD, (2000). "EC Awareness Attention version 1.0 for Windows™". (2000), [Computer program]. Brighton, UK: Authors.
  • Field, AP, Lascelles, KRR, and Davey, GCL, (2003). "Evaluative conditioning: Missing presumed dead". (2003), Manuscript under review.
  • Fulcher, EP, and Cocks, RP, (1997). Dissociative storage systems in human evaluative conditioning, Behaviour Research and Therapy 35 ((1997)), pp. 1–10.
  • Hammerl, M, and Grabitz, H‐J, (1993). Human evaluative conditioning: Order of stimulus presentation, Integrative Physiological and Behavioral Science 28 ((1993)), pp. 191–194.
  • Hammerl, M, and Grabitz, H‐J, (2000). Affective‐evaluative learning in humans: A form of associative learning or only an artifact?, Learning and Motivation 31 ((2000)), pp. 345–363.
  • Hirst, W, Spelke, ES, Reaves, CC, Caharack, G, and Neisser, U, (1980). Dividing attention without alternation or automaticity, Journal of Experimental Psychology. General 109 ((1980)), pp. 98–117.
  • Kahneman, D, (1973). "Attention and effort". (1973), Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Kamin, LJ, (1969). "Predictability, surprise, attention and conditioning". In: Punishment and aversive behavior. (1969). p. (pp. 279–296), In B. A. Campbell & R. M. Church (Eds.), New York: Appleton‐Century‐Croft.
  • Katkin, ES, Wiens, S, and Öhman, A, (2001). Nonconscious fear conditioning, visceral perception, and the development of gut feelings, Psychological Science 12 ((2001)), pp. 366–370.
  • Kruschke, JK, (2001). Toward a unified model of attention in associative learning, Journal of Mathematical Psychology 45 ((2001)), pp. 812–863.
  • Kruschke, JK, and Blair, NJ, (2000). Blocking and backward blocking involve learned inattention, Psychonomic Bulletin and Review 7 ((2000)), pp. 636–645.
  • Lang, PJ, Bradley, MM, and Cuthbert, BN, (1997a). "International Affective Picture System (IAPS)". (1997a), [CD‐ROM]. Gainesville, FL: NIMH Center for Emotion and Attention (CSEA).
  • Lang, PJ, Bradley, MM, and Cuthbert, BN, (1997b). "International affective picture system (IAPS): Technical manual and affective ratings". (1997b), Gainesville, FL: NIMH Center for Emotion and Attention (CSEA).
  • Lovibond, PF, and Shanks, DR, (2002). The role of awareness in Pavlovian conditioning: Empirical evidence and theoretical implications, Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior Processes 28 ((2002)), pp. 3–26.
  • Lubow, RE, and Gerwitz, JC, (1995). Latent inhibition in humans: Data, theory and implications for schizophrenia, Psychological Bulletin 117 ((1995)), pp. 87–103.
  • Mackintosh, NJ, (1975). A theory of attention: Variations in the associability of stimuli with reinforcement, Psychological Review 82 ((1975)), pp. 276–298.
  • Nissen, MJ, and Bullemer, P, (1987). Attentional requirements of learning: Evidence from performance measures, Cognitive Psychology 19 ((1987)), pp. 1–32.
  • Pashler, H, (1990). Do response modality effects support multi‐processor models of divided attention?, Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception and Performance 16 ((1990)), pp. 826–842.
  • Reber, PJ, and Squire, LR, (1994). Parallel brain systems for learning with and without awareness, Learning and Memory 1 ((1994)), pp. 217–229.
  • Reber, PJ, and Squire, LR, (1998). Encapsulation of implicit and explicit memory in sequence learning, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 10 ((1998)), pp. 248–263.
  • Rescorla, RA, and Wagner, AR, (1972). "A theory of Pavlovian conditioning: Variations in the effectiveness of reinforcement and non‐reinforcement". In: Classical conditioning: II. Current research and theory. (1972). p. (pp. 64–99), In A. H. Blake & W. F. Prokasy (Eds.), New York: Appleton‐Century‐Croft.
  • Rozin, P, Wrzesniewski, A, and Byrnes, D, (1998). The elusiveness of evaluative conditioning, Learning and Motivation 29 ((1998)), pp. 397–415.
  • Shanks, DR, and Dickinson, A, (1990). Contingency awareness in evaluative conditioning: A comment on Baeyens, Eelen and van den Bergh, Cognition and Emotion 4 ((1990)), pp. 19–30.
  • Shanks, DR, and St John, MF, (1994). Characteristics of dissociable human learning systems, Behavioral and Brain Sciences 17 ((1994)), pp. 367–447.
  • Shanks, DR, and Channon, S, (2002). Effects of a secondary task on “implicit’ sequence learning: Learning or performance?, Psychological Research 66 ((2002)), pp. 99–109.
  • Stevens, A, Lascelles, K, Field, AP, Matthias, R, Siddens‐Corby, R, and Ives, R, (1999). "ECtests version 1.2 for Windows™". (1999), [Computer program]. Brighton, UK: University of Sussex.
  • Stevenson, RJ, Boakes, RA, and Wilson, JP, (2000). Resistance to extinction of conditioned odor perceptions: Evaluative conditioning is not unique, Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition 26 ((2000)), pp. 423–440.
  • Styles, EA, (1997). "The psychology of attention". (1997), Hove, UK: Psychology Press.
  • Zelniker, T, (1971). Perceptual attenuation of an irrelevant auditory verbal input as measured by an involuntary verbal response in a selective‐attention task, Journal of Experimental Psychology 87 ((1971)), pp. 52–56.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.