Peripheral feedback effects of facial expressions, bodily postures, and vocal expressions on emotional feelings

References

• Cornelius , R. R. 1996 . The science of emotion: Research and tradition in the psychology of emotion , Upper Saddle River, NJ : Prentice Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Damasio , A. R. 1999 . The feeling of what happens: Body and emotion in the making of consciousness , New York : Harcourt Brace .
   Google Scholar
• Darwin , C. 1998 . The expression of the emotions in man and animals , 3rd ed. , New York : Oxford University Press . Original work published 1872
   Google Scholar
• Duclos , S. E. and Laird , J. D. 2001 . The deliberate control of emotional experience through control of expressions . Cognition and Emotion , 15 : 27 – 56 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duclos , S. E. , Laird , J. D. , Schneider , E. , Sexter , M. , Stern , L. and Van Lighten , O. 1989 . Emotion-specific effects of facial expressions and postures on emotional experience . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 57 : 100 – 108 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duncan , J. W. and Laird , J. D. 1977 . Cross-modality consistencies in individual differences in self-attribution . Journal of Personality , 45 : 191 – 206 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feldman , R. S. 2002 . Understanding psychology , 6th ed. , Boston : McGraw-Hill .
   Google Scholar
• Flack , W. F. Jr. , Laird , J. D. and Cavallaro , L. A. 1999a . Emotional expression and feeling in schizophrenia: Effects of specific expressive behaviors on emotional experiences . Journal of Clinical Psychology , 55 : 1 – 20 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flack , W. F. Jr. , Laird , J. D. and Cavallaro , L. A. 1999b . Separate and combined effects of facial expressions and bodily postures on emotional feelings . European Journal of Social Psychology , 29 : 203 – 217 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hatfield , E. , Hsee , C. K. , Costello , J. , Weisman , M. S. and Denney , C. 1995 . The impact of vocal feedback on emotional experience and expression . Journal of Social Behavior and Personality , 10 : 293 – 312 .
   Google Scholar
• Hegel , G. W. F. 1971 . Hegel's philosophy of mind , Oxford, , UK : Clarendon . Original work published 1830
   Google Scholar
• James , W. 1981 . The principles of psychology , Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press . Original work published 1981
   Google Scholar
• Johnstone , T. and Scherer , K. R. 2000 . “ Vocal communication of emotion ” . In Handbook of emotions, , 2nd ed. , Edited by: Lewis , M. and Haviland-Jones , J. M. 220 – 235 . New York : Guilford Press .
   Google Scholar
• Kirk , R. E. 1982 . Experimental design: Procedures for the behavioral sciences , 2nd ed. , Belmont, CA : Brooks/Cole .
   Google Scholar
• Laird , J. D. 1984 . The real role of facial response in the experience of emotion: A reply to Tourangeau and Ellsworth, and others . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 47 : 909 – 917 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laird , J. D. , Alibozak , T. , Davainis , D. , Deignan , K. , Fontanella , K. , Hong , J. , Levy , B. and Pacheco , C. 1994 . Individual differences in the effects of spontaneous mimicry on emotional contagion . Motivation and Emotion , 18 : 231 – 246 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larsen , R. J. , Kasimatis , M. and Frey , K. 1993 . Facilitating the furrowed brow: An unobtrusive test of the facial feedback hypothesis applied to unpleasant affect . Cognition and Emotion , 6 : 321 – 338 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LeDoux , J. 1996 . The emotional brain: The mysterious underpinnings of emotional life , New York : Simon & Schuster .
   Google Scholar
• McIntosh , D. N. 1996 . Facial feedback hypothesis: Evidence, implications, and directions . Motivation and Emotion , 20 : 121 – 147 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Myers , D. G. 2004 . Psychology , 7th ed. , New York : Worth .
   Google Scholar
• Plutchik , R. 2000 . Emotions in the practice of psychotherapy: Clinical implications of affect theories , Washington, DC : American Psychological Association .
   Google Scholar
• Riskind , J. H. and Gotay , C. C. 1982 . Physical posture: Could it have regulatory or feedback effects on motivation and emotion? . Motivation and Emotion , 6 : 273 – 298 .
   Google Scholar
• Russell , J. A. and Bullock , M. 1985 . Multidimensional scaling of emotional facial expressions: Similarity from preschoolers to adults . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 48 : 1290 – 1298 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schnall , S. , Abrahamson , A. and Laird , J. D. 2002 . Premenstrual syndrome and misattribution: A self-perception, individual differences perspective . Basic and Applied Social Psychology , 24 : 215 – 228 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schnall , S. and Laird , J. D. 2003 . Keep smiling: Enduring effects of facial expressions and postures on emotional experience and memory . Cognition and Emotion , 17 : 787 – 797 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siegman , A. W. , Anderson , R. W. and Berger , T. 1990 . The angry voice: Its effects on the experience of anger and cardiovascular reactivity . Psychosomatic Medicine , 52 : 631 – 643 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siegman , A. W. and Boyle , S. 1993 . Voices of fear and anxiety and sadness and depression: The effects of speech rate and loudness on fear and anxiety and sadness and depression . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 102 : 430 – 437 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soussignan , R. 2002 . Duchenne smile, emotional experience, and autonomic reactivity: A test of the facial feedback hypothesis . Emotion , 2 : 52 – 74 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stepper , S. and Strack , F. 1993 . Proprioceptive determinants of emotional and nonemotional feelings . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 64 : 211 – 220 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strack , F. , Martin , L. L. and Stepper , S. 1988 . Inhibiting and facilitating conditions of facial expressions: A nonobtrusive test of the facial feedback hypothesis . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 64 : 211 – 220 .
   Google Scholar
• Tomkins , S. S. 1995 . “ Modifications in the theory—1978 ” . In Exploring affect: The selected writings of Silvan S. Tomkins , Edited by: Demos , E. V. 86 – 96 . Paris : Cambridge University Press . Original work published 1978
   Google Scholar
• Tomkins , S. S. and McCarter , R. 1995 . “ What and where are the primary affects? Some evidence for a theory ” . In Exploring affect: The selected writings of Silvan S. Tomkins , Edited by: Demos , E. V. 217 – 262 . Paris : Cambridge University Press . Original work published 1964
   Google Scholar
• Winton , W. M. 1986 . The role of facial response in self-reports of emotion: A critique of Laird . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 50 : 808 – 812 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar