805
Views
77
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Facilitated detection of angry faces: Initial orienting and processing efficiency

, &
Pages 785-811 | Received 05 Dec 2003, Published online: 03 Feb 2007

References

  • Bentin , S. , Sagiv , N. , Mecklinger , A. , Friederici , A. and von Cramon , I. D. 2002 . Priming visual face-processing mechanisms: Electrophysiological evidence . Psychological Science , 13 : 190 – 193 .
  • Bradley , B. , Mogg , K. , Falla , S. J. and Hamilton , L. R. 1998 . Attentional bias for threatening facial expressions in anxiety: Manipulation of stimulus duration . Cognition and Emotion , 12 : 737 – 753 .
  • Bradley , B. , Mogg , K. and Millar , N. H. 2000 . Covert and overt orienting of attention to emotional faces in anxiety . Cognition and Emotion , 14 : 789 – 808 .
  • Calvo , M. G. and Lang , P. J. 2005 . Parafoveal semantic processing of emotional visual scenes . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance , 31 : 502 – 519 .
  • Eastwood , J. , Smilek , D. and Merikle , P. M. 2001 . Differential attentional guidance by unattended faces expressing postive and negative emotion . Perception and Psychophysics , 64 : 1004 – 1013 .
  • Eastwood , J. , Smilek , D. and Merikle , P. M. 2003 . Negative facial expression captures attention and disrupts performance . Perception and Psychophysics , 65 : 352 – 358 .
  • Esteves , F. , Dimberg , U. and Öhman , A. 1994 . Automatically elicited fear: Conditioned skin conductance responses to masked facial expressions . Cognition and Emotion , 8 : 393 – 413 .
  • Eger , E. , Jedynak , A. , Iwaki , T. and Skrandies , W. 2003 . Rapid extraction of emotional expression: Evidence from evoked potential fields during brief presentation of face stimuli . Neuropsychologia , 41 : 808 – 817 .
  • Fenske , M. J. and Eastwood , J. D. 2003 . Modulation of focused attention by faces expressing emotion: Evidence from flanker tasks . Emotion , 3 : 361 – 377 .
  • Findlay , J. M. and Gilchrist , I. 2003 . Active vision: The psychology of looking and seeing , Oxford, , UK : Oxford University Press .
  • Fox , E. , Lester , V. , Russo , R. , Bowles , R. , Pichler , A. and Dutton , K. 2000 . Facial expressions of emotion: Are angry faces detected more efficiently? . Cognition and Emotion , 14 : 61 – 92 .
  • Fox , E. , Russo , R. , Bowles , R. and Dutton , K. 2001 . Do threatening stimuli draw or hold visual attention in subclinical anxiety? . Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , 130 : 681 – 700 .
  • Fox , E. , Russo , R. and Dutton , K. 2002 . Attentional bias for threat: Evidence for delayed disengagement from emotional faces . Cognition and Emotion , 16 : 355 – 379 .
  • Hansen , C. H. and Hansen , R. D. 1988 . Finding the face in the crowd: An anger superiority effect . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 54 : 917 – 924 .
  • Henderson , J. M. , Weeks , P. A. and Hollingworth , A. 1999 . The effects of semantic consistency on eye movements during complex scene viewing . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance , 25 : 210 – 228 .
  • Hoffman , J. E. 1998 . “ Visual attention and eye movements ” . In Attention , Edited by: Pashler , H. 119 – 153 . Hove, , UK : Psychology Press .
  • Lundqvist , D. , Esteves , F. and Öhman , A. 1999 . The face of wrath: Critical features for conveying facial threat . Cognition and Emotion , 13 : 691 – 711 .
  • Mogg , K. , Millar , N. H. and Bradley , B. 2000 . Biases in eye movements to threatening facial expressions in generalized anxiety disorder and depressive disorder . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 109 : 695 – 704 .
  • Nothdurft , H. C. 1993 . Faces and facial expressions do not pop out . Perception , 22 : 1287 – 1298 .
  • Nummenmaa , L. , Hyönä , J. , & Calvo , M. G. (2005) . Eye movement assessment of selective attentional capture by emotional pictures . Emotion .
  • Öhman , A. , Lundqvist , D. and Esteves , F. 2001 . The face in the crowd revisited: A threat advantage with schematic stimuli . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 80 : 381 – 396 .
  • Posner , M. I. and Peterson , S. E. 1990 . The attention system of the human brain . Annual Review of Neuroscience , 13 : 25 – 42 .
  • Purcell , D. G. , Stewart , A. L. and Skov , R. B. 1996 . It takes a confounded face to pop out of a crowd . Perception , 25 : 1091 – 1108 .
  • Rayner , K. 1998 . Eye movements in reading and information processing: 20 years of research . Psychological Bulletin , 124 : 372 – 422 .
  • Rohner , J. C. 2002 . The time course of visual threat processing: High-trait anxious individuals eventually avert their gaze from angry faces . Cognition and Emotion , 16 : 837 – 844 .
  • Schneider , W. , Eschman , A. and Zuccolotto , A. 2002 . E-Prime user's guide , Pittsburgh, PA : Psychology Software Tools .
  • Tipples , J. , Atkinson , A. P. and Young , A. W. 2002 . The eyebrow frown: A salient social signal . Emotion , 2 : 288 – 296 .
  • Vuilleumier , P. , Armony , J. L. , Driver , J. and Dolan , R. J. 2001 . Effects of attention and emotion on face processing in the human brain: An event-related fMRI study . Neuron , 30 : 829 – 841 .
  • White , M. 1995 . Preattentive analysis of facial expressions of emotion . Cognition and Emotion , 9 : 439 – 460 .
  • Wilson , E. and MacLeod , C. 2003 . Contrasting two accounts of anxiety-linked attentional bias: Selective attention to varying levels of stimulus threat intensity . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 112 : 212 – 218 .
  • Yamada , H. 1993 . Visual information for categorizing facial expressions of emotion . Applied Cognitive Psychology , 7 : 257 – 270 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.