Disappointment for others

References

• Aron , A. , Norman , C. C. , Aron , E. N. , McKenna , C. and Heyman , R. E. 2000 . Couples’ shared participation in novel and arousing activities and experienced relationship quality . Journal of Personality & Social Psychology , 78 : 273 – 284 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barquissau , M. , Schmader , T. , & Lickel , B. (2005) . Growing pains: Parents’ experience of vicarious shame and guilt . Poster presented at the 2005 annual meeting of the Society of Personality and Social Psychologists, New Orleans, LA .
   Google Scholar
• Batson , D. C. , Chang , J. , Orr , R. and Rowland , J. 2002 . Empathy, attitudes, and action: Can feeling for a member of a stigmatized group motivate one to help the group? . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 28 : 1656 – 1666 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carroll , P. J. , Sweeny , K. and Shepperd , J. A. 2006 . Forsaking optimism . Review of General Psychology , 10 : 53 – 76 .
   Google Scholar
• Cialdini , R. B. and de Nicholas , M. E. 1989 . Self-presentation by association . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 57 : 626 – 631 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frijda , N. 2001 . “ The self in emotions ” . In Identity and emotion: Development through self-organization , Edited by: Bosma , H. R. and Kunnen , E. S. 39 – 63 . New York : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Johns , M. , Schmader , T. , & Lickel , B. ( 2005 ). Ashamed to be an American? The role of identification in predicting vicarious shame for anti-Arab prejudice after 9/11 . Self and Identity , 4 , 331 – 348 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karney , B. R. and Bradbury , T. N. 2000 . Attributions in marriage: State or trait? A growth curve analysis . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 78 : 295 – 309 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lickel , B. , Schmader , T. , Curtis , M. , Scarnier , M. and Ames , D. 2005 . Vicarious shame and guilt . Group Processes & Intergroup Relations , 8 : 145 – 157 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shepperd , J. A. and McNulty , J. K. 2002 . The affective consequences of expected and unexpected outcomes . Psychological Science , 13 : 85 – 88 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shepperd , J. A. , Ouellette , J. A. and Fernandez , J. K. 1996 . Abandoning unrealistic optimism: Performance estimates and the temporal proximity of self-relevant feedback . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 70 : 844 – 855 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sweeny , K. , Carroll , P. J. and Shepperd , J. A. 2006 . Is optimism always the best? Preparedness and future outlooks . Current Directions in Psychological Science , 15 : 302 – 306 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Dijk , W. W. and van der Pligt , J. 1997 . The impact of probability and magnitude of outcome on disappointment and elation . Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes , 69 : 277 – 284 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Dijk , W. W. , Zeelenberg , M. and van der Pligt , J. 1999 . Not having what you want versus having what you don't want: The impact of type of negative outcome on the experience of disappointment and related emotions . Cognition and Emotion , 13 : 129 – 148 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeelenberg , M. , van Dijk , W. W. , Manstead , A. S. R. and van der Pligt , J. 2000 . On bad decisions and disconfirmed expectancies: The psychology of regret and disappointment . Cognition and Emotion , 14 : 521 – 541 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar