Appraisal components and emotion traits: Examining the appraisal basis of trait curiosity

References

• Arbuckle , J. L. and Wothke , W. 1999 . AMOS 4.0 user's guide , Chicago, IL : Smallwaters .
   Google Scholar
• Arnold , M. B. (1960) . Emotion and personality: Vol. 1. Psychological aspects . New York : Columbia University .
   Google Scholar
• Atkinson , J. W. 1964 . An introduction to motivation , New York : Van Nostrand .
   Google Scholar
• Bergeman , C. S. , Chipuer , H. M. , Plomin , R. , Pedersen , N. L. , McClearn , G. E. Nesselroade , J. R. 1993 . Genetic and environmental effects on openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness: An adoption/twin study . Journal of Personality , 61 : 159 – 179 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berlyne , D. E. 1960 . Conflict, arousal, and curiosity , New York : McGraw-Hill .
   Google Scholar
• Berlyne , D. E. 1971 . Aesthetics and psychobiology , New York : Appleton-Century-Crofts .
   Google Scholar
• Berlyne , D. E. 1974 . “ The new experimental aesthetics ” . In Studies in the new experimental aesthetics , Edited by: Berlyne , D. E. 1 – 25 . Washington, DC : Hemisphere .
   Google Scholar
• Berlyne , D. E. and Peckham , S. 1966 . The semantic differential and other measures of reaction to visual complexity . Canadian Journal of Psychology , 20 : 125 – 135 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyle , G. J. 1983 . Critical review of state–trait curiosity test development . Motivation and Emotion , 7 : 377 – 397 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Byrne , B. M. 2001 . Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming , Mahwah, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Collins , R. P. , Litman , J. A. and Spielberger , C. D. 2003 . The measurement of perceptual curiosity . Personality and Individual Differences , 36 : 1127 – 1141 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cronbach , L. J. 1957 . The two disciplines of scientific psychology . American Psychologist , 12 : 671 – 684 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Day , H. I. 1971 . “ The measurement of specific curiosity ” . In Intrinsic motivation: A new direction in education , Edited by: Day , H. I. , Berlyne , D. E. and Hunt , D. E. 99 – 112 . Toronto, , Canada : Holt, Rinehart, & Winston .
   Google Scholar
• Ellsworth , P. C. 2003 . Confusion, concentration, and other emotions of interest: Commentary on Rozin and Cohen (2003) . Emotion , 3 : 81 – 85 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellsworth , P. C. and Scherer , K. R. 2003 . “ Appraisal processes in emotion ” . In Handbook of affective sciences , Edited by: Davidson , R. J. , Scherer , K. R. and Goldsmith , H. H. 572 – 595 . New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Ellsworth , P. C. and Smith , C. A. 1988 . Shades of joy: Patterns of appraisal differentiating positive emotions . Cognition and Emotion , 2 : 301 – 331 .
   Google Scholar
• Evans , D. R. and Day , H. I. 1971 . The factorial structure of responses to perceptual complexity . Psychonomic Science , 27 : 357 – 359 .
   Google Scholar
• Fredrickson , B. L. 1998 . What good are positive emotions? . Review of General Psychology , 2 : 300 – 319 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Goldberg , L. R. , Johnson , J. A. , Eber , H. W. , Hogan , R. , Ashton , M. C. Cloninger , C. R. 2006 . The international personality item pool and the future of public-domain personality assessment . Journal of Research in Personality , 40 : 84 – 96 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haviland-Jones , J. M. and Kahlbaugh , P. 2000 . “ Emotion and identity ” . In Handbook of emotions , 2nd edn , Edited by: Lewis , M. and Haviland-Jones , J. M. 293 – 305 . New York : Guilford Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hox , J. 2002 . Multilevel analysis: Techniques and applications , Mahwah, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Ingersoll , G. 1999 . City walks , Lawrence, KS : Broken Boulder Press .
   Google Scholar
• Izard , C. E. and Ackerman , B. P. 2000 . “ Motivational, organizational, and regulatory functions of discrete emotions ” . In Handbook of emotions , 2nd ed. , Edited by: Lewis , M. and Haviland-Jones , J. M. 253 – 264 . New York : Guilford Press .
   Google Scholar
• Kane , M. J. and Engle , R. W. 2003 . Working-memory capacity and the control of attention: The contributions of goal neglect, response competition, and task set to Stroop interference . Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , 132 : 47 – 70 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kashdan , T. B. 2004 . “ Curiosity ” . In Character strengths and virtues: A handbook and classification , Edited by: Peterson , C. and Seligman , M. E. P. 125 – 141 . New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Kashdan , T. B. and Roberts , J. E. 2004 . Trait and state curiosity in the genesis of intimacy: Differentiation from related constructs . Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology , 23 : 792 – 816 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kashdan , T. B. , Rose , P. and Fincham , F. D. 2004 . Curiosity and exploration: Facilitating positive subjective experiences and personal growth opportunities . Journal of Personality Assessment , 82 : 291 – 305 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kashdan , T. B. , & Steger , M. F. (2007) . Curiosity and pathways to well-being and meaning in life: Traits, states, and everyday behaviors . Manuscript submitted for review .
   Google Scholar
• Keltner , D. and Shiota , M. N. 2003 . New displays and new emotions: A commentary on Rozin and Cohen (2003) . Emotion , 3 : 86 – 91 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuppens , P. , Van Mechelen , I. , Smits , D. J. M. and De Boeck , P. 2003 . The appraisal basis of anger: Specificity, necessity, and sufficiency of components . Emotion , 3 : 254 – 269 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuppens , P. , Van Mechelen , I. , Smits , D. J. M. , De Boeck , P. , & Ceulemans , E. (2007) . Individual differences in patterns of appraisal and anger experience . Cognition and Emotion , 21 , 689 – 713 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langevin , R. L. 1976 . Construct validity of sensation seeking and curiosity measures of normal and psychotic subjects . Canadian Journal of Behavioral Science , 8 : 251 – 262 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lazarus , R. S. 1991 . Emotion and adaptation , New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Lewin , K. 1935 . A dynamic theory of personality , New York : McGraw-Hill .
   Google Scholar
• Lewis , M. D. 2001 . “ Personal pathways in the development of appraisal: A complex systems/stage theory perspective ” . In Appraisal processes in emotion: Theory, methods, research , Edited by: Scherer , K. R. , Schorr , A. and Johnstone , T. 205 – 220 . New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Litman , J. A. 2005 . Curiosity and the pleasures of learning: Wanting and liking new information . Cognition and Emotion , 19 : 793 – 814 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Litman , J. A. , Hutchins , T. L. and Russon , R. K. 2005 . Epistemic curiosity, feeling-of-knowing, and exploratory behaviour . Cognition and Emotion , 19 : 559 – 582 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Litman , J. A. and Jimerson , T. L. 2004 . The measurement of curiosity as a feeling of deprivation . Journal of Personality Assessment , 82 : 147 – 157 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Litman , J. A. and Silvia , P. J. 2006 . The latent structure of trait curiosity: Evidence for interest and deprivation curiosity dimensions . Journal of Personality Assessment , 86 : 318 – 328 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loehlin , J. C. 2004 . Latent variable models: An introduction to factor, path, and structural equation analysis , 4th edn , Mahwah, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Loewenstein , G. 1994 . The psychology of curiosity: A review and reinterpretation . Psychological Bulletin , 116 : 75 – 98 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luke , D. A. ( 2004 ). Multilevel modeling . ( Sage University Paper Series on Quantitative Applications in the Social Sciences, series no. 07–143 ). Newbury Park, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Magai , C. and Haviland-Jones , J. 2002 . The hidden genius of emotion: Lifespan transformations of personality , New York : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• McCrae , R. R. 1996 . Social consequences of experiential openness . Psychological Bulletin , 120 : 323 – 337 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCrae , R. R. (2007) . Aesthetic chills as a universal marker of openness to experience . Motivation and Emotion , 31 , 5 – 11 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Millis , K. 2001 . Making meaning brings pleasure: The influence of titles on aesthetic experience . Emotion , 1 : 320 – 329 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parkinson , B. 1995 . Ideas and realities of emotion , London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Peterson , C. , & Seligman , M. E. P. (2004) . Character strengths and virtues: A handbook and classification . New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Roseman , I. J. 2001 . “ A model of appraisal in the emotion system: Integrating theory, research, and applications ” . In Appraisal processes in emotion: Theory, methods, research , Edited by: Scherer , K. R. , Schorr , A. and Johnstone , T. 68 – 91 . New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Roseman , I. J. and Evdokas , A. 2004 . Appraisals cause experienced emotions: Experimental evidence . Cognition and Emotion , 18 : 1 – 28 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roseman , I. J. and Smith , C. A. 2001 . “ Appraisal theory: Overview, assumptions, varieties, controversies ” . In Appraisal processes in emotion: Theory, methods, research , Edited by: Scherer , K. R. , Schorr , A. and Johnstone , T. 3 – 19 . New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Russell , P. A. 2003 . Effort after meaning and the hedonic value of paintings . British Journal of Psychology , 94 : 99 – 110 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russell , P. A. and Milne , S. 1997 . Meaningfulness and the hedonic value of paintings: Effects of titles . Empirical Studies of the Arts , 15 : 61 – 73 .
   Google Scholar
• Sansone , C. and Smith , J. L. 2000 . “ Interest and self-regulation: The relation between having to and wanting to ” . In Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation , Edited by: Sansone , C. and Harackiewicz , J. M. 341 – 372 . San Diego, CA : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Scherer , K. R. 1997 . Profiles of emotion-antecedent appraisal: Testing theoretical predictions across cultures . Cognition and Emotion , 11 : 113 – 150 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scherer , K. R. 1999 . On the sequential nature of appraisal processes: Indirect evidence from a recognition task . Cognition and Emotion , 13 : 763 – 793 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scherer , K. R. 2001a . “ Appraisal considered as a process of multilevel sequential checking ” . In Appraisal processes in emotion: Theory, methods, research , Edited by: Scherer , K. R. , Schorr , A. and Johnstone , T. 92 – 120 . New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Scherer , K. R. 2001b . “ The nature and study of appraisal: A review of the issues ” . In Appraisal processes in emotion: Theory, methods, research , Edited by: Scherer , K. R. , Schorr , A. and Johnstone , T. 369 – 391 . New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Silvia , P. J. 2005a . Cognitive appraisals and interest in visual art: Exploring an appraisal theory of aesthetic emotions . Empirical Studies of the Arts , 23 : 119 – 133 .
   Google Scholar
• Silvia , P. J. ( 2005b ). Emotional responses to art: From collation and arousal to cognition and emotion . Review of General Psychology , 9 , 342 – 357 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silvia , P. J. 2005c . What is interesting? Exploring the appraisal structure of interest . Emotion , 5 : 89 – 102 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silvia , P. J. 2006a . Artistic training and interest in visual art: Applying the appraisal model of aesthetic emotions . Empirical Studies of the Arts , 24 : 139 – 161 .
   Google Scholar
• Silvia , P. J. 2006b . Exploring the psychology of interest , New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Silvia , P. J. 2007 . An introduction to multilevel modeling for research on the psychology of art and creativity . Empirical Studies of the Arts , 25 : 1 – 20 .
   Google Scholar
• Silvia , P. J. , & Warburton , J. B. ( 2006 ). Positive and negative affect: Bridging states and traits . In J. C. Thomas & D. L. Segal Comprehensive handbook of personality and psychopathology: Vol. 1. Personality and everyday functioning (pp. 268 – 284 ). New York : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Smith , C. A. and Ellsworth , P. C. 1985 . Patterns of cognitive appraisal in emotion . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 48 : 813 – 838 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , C. A. and Pope , L. K. 1992 . “ Appraisal and emotion: The interactional contributions of dispositional and situational factors ” . In Review of personality and social psychology , Edited by: Clark , M. S. Vol. 14 , 32 – 62 . Newbury Park, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Spielberger , C. D. , & Starr , L. M. ( 1994 ). Curiosity and exploratory behavior . In H. F. O'Neil Jr , & M. Drillings Motivation: Theory and research (pp. 221 – 243 ). Hillsdale, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Tomkins , S. S. 1962 . Affect, imagery, consciousness: Vol 1. The positive affects , New York : Springer .
   Google Scholar
• Tomkins , S. S. 1979 . Script theory: Differential magnification of affects . Nebraska Symposium on Motivation , 26 : 201 – 236 .
   Google Scholar
• Tong , E. M. W. , Bishop , G. D. , Enkelmann , H. C. , Why , Y. P. , Diong , S. M. Khader , M. 2005 . The use of ecological momentary assessment to test appraisal theories of emotion . Emotion , 5 : 508 – 512 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turner , S. A. Jr and Silvia , P. J. 2006 . Must interesting things be pleasant? A test of competing appraisal structures” . Emotion , 6 : 670 – 674 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Underwood , B. J. 1975 . Individual differences as a crucible for theory construction . American Psychologist , 30 : 128 – 134 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Reekum , C. M. and Scherer , K. R. 1997 . “ Levels of processing in emotion-antecedent appraisal ” . In Cognitive science perspectives on personality and emotion , Edited by: Matthews , G. 259 – 330 . Amsterdam : Elsevier .
   Google Scholar
• Vansteelandt , K. and Van Mechelen , I. 2006 . Individual differences in anger and sadness: In pursuit of active situational features and psychological processes . Journal of Personality , 74 : 871 – 909 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walker , E. L. 1981 . “ The quest for the inverted U ” . In Advances in intrinsic motivation and aesthetics , Edited by: Day , H. I. 39 – 70 . New York : Plenum .
   Google Scholar
• Watson , D. 2000 . Mood and temperament , New York : Guilford Press .
   Google Scholar
• Watson , D. and Clark , L. A. 1997 . “ Extraversion and its positive emotional core ” . In Handbook of personality psychology , Edited by: Hogan , R. , Johnson , J. and Briggs , S. 767 – 793 . San Diego, CA : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Zuckerman , M. 1994 . Behavioral expressions and biosocial bases of sensation seeking , New York : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar