1,065
Views
52
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Regular Articles

Rumination and intentional forgetting of emotional material

&
Pages 1233-1246 | Received 15 Apr 2008, Published online: 27 Jul 2009

References

  • Anderson , M. C. and Spellman , B. A. 1995 . On the status of inhibitory mechanisms in cognition: Memory retrieval as a model case . Psychological Review , 102 : 68 – 100 .
  • Bjork , R. A. , Bjork , E. L. and Anderson , M. C. 1998 . “ Varieties in goal-directed forgetting ” . In Intentional forgetting: Interdisciplinary approaches , Edited by: Golding , J. M. and MacLeod , C. M. 103 – 137 . Mahwah, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc .
  • Charles , S. T. , Mather , M. and Carstensen , L. L. 2003 . Aging and emotional memory: The forgettable nature of negative images for older adults . Journal of Experimental Psychology , 132 ( 2 ) : 310 – 324 .
  • Cohen , J. 1988 . Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences , 2nd ed. , Hillsdale, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc .
  • Davis , R. N. and Nolen-Hoeksema , S. 2000 . Cognitive inflexibility among ruminators and nonruminators . Cognitive Therapy and Research , 24 : 699 – 711 .
  • Dozois , D. J. A. and Dobson , K. S. 2001 . A longitudinal investigation of information processing and cognitive organization in clinical depression: Stability of schematic interconnectedness . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 69 : 914 – 925 .
  • Goeleven , E. , De Raedt , R. , Baert , S. and Koster , E. H. W. 2006 . Deficient inhibition of emotional information in depression . Journal of Affective Disorders , 93 ( 1–3 ) : 149 – 157 .
  • Gotlib , I. H. and Cane , D. B. 1989 . “ Self-report assessment of depression and anxiety ” . In Anxiety and depression: Distinctive and overlapping features , Edited by: Kendall , P. C. and Watson , D. E. 131 – 169 . San Diego, CA : Academic Press .
  • Hertel , P. T. 1997 . On the contribution of deficient cognitive control to memory impairments in depression . Cognition and Emotion , 11 : 569 – 583 .
  • Hertel , P. T. and Gerstle , M. 2003 . Depression-related deficits in forgetting . Psychological Science , 14 : 573 – 578 .
  • Joormann , J. 2004 . Attentional bias in dysphoria: The role of inhibitory processes . Cognition and Emotion , 18 : 125 – 147 .
  • Joormann , J. 2005 . “ Inhibition, rumination, and mood regulation in depression ” . In Cognitive limitations in aging and psychopathology: Attention, working memory, and executive functions , Edited by: Engle , R. W. , Sedek , G. , von Hecker , U. and McIntosh , D. N. 275 – 312 . Cambridge, , UK : Cambridge University Press .
  • Joormann , J. 2006 . Differential effects of rumination and dysphoria on the inhibition of irrelevant emotional material: Evidence from a negative priming task . Cognitive Therapy and Research , 30 ( 2 ) : 149 – 160 .
  • Joormann , J. , Hertel , P. T. , Brozovich , F. and Gotlib , I. H. 2005 . Remembering the good, forgetting the bad: Intentional forgetting of emotional material in depression . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 114 ( 4 ) : 640 – 648 .
  • Joormann , J. and Siemer , M. 2004 . Memory accessibility, mood regulation, and dysphoria: Difficulties in repairing sad mood with happy memories? . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 113 ( 2 ) : 179 – 188 .
  • Just , N. and Alloy , L. B. 1997 . The response styles theory of depression: Tests and an extension of the theory . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 106 ( 2 ) : 221 – 229 .
  • Korfine , L. and Hooley , J. M. 2000 . Directed forgetting of emotional stimuli in borderline personality disorder . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 109 ( 2 ) : 214 – 221 .
  • Lau , M. A. , Christensen , B. K. , Hawley , L. L. , Gemar , M. S. and Segal , Z. V. 2007 . Inhibitory deficits for negative information in persons with major depressive disorder . Psychological Medicine , 37 : 1249 – 1259 .
  • Linville , P. 1996 . “ Attention inhibition: Does it underlie ruminative thought? ” . In Ruminative thoughts. Advances in social cognition , Edited by: Wyer , R. S. Vol. 9 , 121 – 133 . Mahwah, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc .
  • Lyubomirsky , S. , Caldwell , N. D. and Nolen-Hoeksema , S. 1998 . Effects of ruminative and distracting responses to depressed mood on retrieval of autobiographical memories . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 75 : 166 – 177 .
  • MacLeod , C. M. 1998 . “ Directed Forgetting ” . In Intentional forgetting: Interdisciplinary approaches , Edited by: Golding , J. M. and MacLeod , C. M. 1 – 57 . Mahwah, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc .
  • Myers , L. B. , Brewin , C. R. and Power , M. J. 1998 . Repressive coping and the directed forgetting of emotional material . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 107 ( 1 ) : 141 – 148 .
  • Nolan , S. A. , Roberts , J. E. and Gotlib , I. H. 1998 . Neuroticism and ruminative response style as predictors of change in depressive symptomatology . Cognitive Therapy and Research , 22 ( 5 ) : 445 – 455 .
  • Nolen-Hoeksema , S. 1991 . Responses to depression and their effects on the duration of depressive episodes . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 100 : 569 – 582 .
  • Nolen-Hoeksema , S. 2000 . The role of rumination in depressive disorders and mixed anxiety/depressive symptoms . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 109 : 504 – 511 .
  • Nolen-Hoeksema , S. and Morrow , J. 1991 . A prospective study of depression and posttraumatic stress symptoms after a natural disaster: The 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 61 : 115 – 121 .
  • Nolen-Hoeksema , S. , Morrow , J. and Fredrickson , B. L. 1993 . Response styles and the duration of episodes of depressed mood . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 102 ( 1 ) : 20 – 28 .
  • Nolen-Hoeksema , S. , Parker , L. E. and Larson , J. 1994 . Ruminative coping with depressed mood following loss . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 67 : 92 – 104 .
  • Nolen-Hoeksema , S. , Wisco , B. E. and Lyubomirsky , S. 2008 . Rethinking rumination . Perspectives on Psychological Science , 3 : 400 – 424 .
  • Power , M. J. , Dalgleish , T. , Claudio , V. , Tata , P. and Kentish , J. 2000 . The directed forgetting task: Application to emotionally valent material . Journal of Affective Disorders , 57 ( 1–3 ) : 147 – 157 .
  • Radloff , L. S. 1977 . The CES-D scale. A self-report depression scale for research in the general population . Journal of Applied Psychological Measurement , 1 : 385 – 401 .
  • Roberts , J. E. , Gilboa , E. and Gotlib , I. H. 1998 . Ruminative response style and vulnerability to episodes of dysphoria: Gender, neuroticism, and episode duration . Cognitive Therapy and Research , 22 : 401 – 423 .
  • Tipper , S. P. 2001 . Does negative priming reflect inhibitory mechanisms? A review and integration of conflicting views . The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology , 54A ( 2 ) : 321 – 343 .
  • Treynor , W. , Gonzalez , R. and Nolen-Hoeksema , S. 2003 . Rumination reconsidered: A psychometric analysis . Cognitive Therapy and Research , 27 : 247 – 259 .
  • Walker , W. R. , Skowronski , J. J. and Thompson , C. P. 2003 . Life is good—And memory helps to keep it that way . Review of General Psychology , 7 : 203 – 210 .
  • Watkins , E. and Brown , R. G. 2002 . Rumination and executive function in depression: An experimental study . Journal of Neurosurgery and Psychiatry , 72 : 400 – 402 .
  • Wentura , D. 1999 . Activation and inhibition of affective information: Evidence for negative priming in the evaluation task . Cognition and Emotion , 13 : 65 – 91 .
  • Wessel , I. and Merckelbach , H. 2006 . Forgetting “murder” is not harder than forgetting “circle”: Listwise-directed forgetting of emotional words . Cognition and Emotion , 20 ( 1 ) : 129 – 137 .
  • Whitmer , A. J. and Banich , M. T. 2007 . Inhibition versus switching deficits in different forms of rumination . Psychological Science , 18 ( 6 ) : 546 – 553 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.