References
- Adolphs , R. , Tranel , D. and Damasio , A. R. 2003 . Dissociable neural systems for recognizing emotions . Brain and Cognition , 52 ( 1 ) : 61 – 69 .
- Aguado , L. , Garcia-Gutierrez , A. , Castaneda , E. and Saugar , C. 2007 . Effects of prime task on affective priming by facial expressions of emotion . Spanish Journal of Psychology , 10 ( 2 ) : 209 – 217 .
- Anderson , N. H. 1968 . Likableness ratings of 555 personality-trait words . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 9 ( 3 ) : 272 – 279 .
- Batty , M. and Taylor , M. J. 2003 . Early processing of the six basic facial emotional expressions . Cognitive Brain Research , 17 ( 3 ) : 613 – 620 .
- Boraston , Z. , Blakemore , S.-J. , Chilvers , R. and Skuse , D. 2007 . Impaired sadness recognition is linked to social interaction deficit in autism . Neuropsychologia , 45 ( 7 ) : 1501 – 1510 .
- Bradley , M. M. , & Lang , P. J. 1999 International Affective Digitized Sounds (IADS): Instruction manual and affective ratings technical report B-2 . The Centre for Research in Psychophysiology, University of Florida .
- Buck , R. 1994 . Social and emotional functions in facial expression and communication: The readout hypothesis . Biological Psychology , 38 ( 2–3 ) : 95 – 115 .
- Buck , R. , Miller , R. E. and Caul , W. F. 1974 . Sex, personality, and physiological variables in the communication of affect via facial expression . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 30 ( 4 ) : 587 – 596 .
- Calder , A. J. , Keane , J. , Manly , T. , Sprengelmeyer , R. , Scott , S. Nimmo-Smith , I. 2003 . Facial expression recognition across the adult life span . Neuropsychologia , 41 ( 2 ) : 195 – 202 .
- Calder , A. J. and Young , A. W. 2005 . Understanding the recognition of facial identity and facial expression . Nature Reviews Neuroscience , 6 ( 8 ) : 641 – 651 .
- Davis , P. J. and Gibson , M. G. 2000 . Recognition of posed and genuine facial expressions of emotion in paranoid and nonparanoid schizophrenia . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 109 ( 3 ) : 445 – 450 .
- Dimberg , U. and Oehman , A. 1996 . Behold the wrath: Psychophysiological responses to facial stimuli . Motivation and Emotion , 20 ( 2 ) : 149 – 182 .
- Ekman , P. 2001 . Telling lies: Clues to deceit in the marketplace, politics, and marriage , New York : W. W. Norton & Co .
- Ekman , P. and Friesen , W. V. 1982 . Felt, false, and miserable smiles . Journal of Nonverbal Behavior , 6 ( 4 ) : 238 – 258 .
- Ekman , P. , Friesen , W. V. and Hager , J. C. 2002 . Facial Action Coding System [CD-Rom] , Salt Lake City, UT : Nexus .
- Ekman , P. , Friesen , W. V. , O'Sullivan , M. 1997 Smiles when lying . In P. R. Ekman E. L. Rosenberg What the face reveals: Basic and applied studies of spontaneous expression using the Facial Action Coding System (FACS) Series in affective science , 201 216 . Oxford, , UK : Oxford University Press .
- Ekman , P. , Hager , J. C. and Friesen , W. V. 1981 . The symmetry of emotional and deliberate facial actions . Psychophysiology , 18 ( 2 ) : 101 – 106 .
- Ekman , P. and Rosenberg , E. L. 2005 . What the face reveals: Basic and applied studies of spontaneous expression using the Facial Action Coding System (FACS) , Oxford, , UK : Oxford University Press .
- Ekman , P. , Sorenson , E. R. and Friesen , W. V. 1969 . Pan-cultural elements in facial displays of emotion . Science , 164 ( 3875 ) : 86 – 88 .
- Fazio , R. H. and Olson , M. A. 2003 . Implicit measures in social cognition research: Their meaning and use . Annual Review of Psychology , 54 : 297 – 327 .
- Frank , M. G. , Ekman , P. and Friesen , W. V. 1993 . Behavioral markers and recognizability of the smile of enjoyment . Journal of Personality & Social Psychology , 64 ( 1 ) : 83 – 93 .
- Frank , M. G. , Ekman , P. , & Friesen , W. V. 1997 Behavioral markers and recognizability of the smile of enjoyment P. Ekman & E. L. Rosenberg What the face reveals: Basic and applied studies of spontaneous expression using the Facial Action Coding System (FACS) Series in affective science 217 242 Oxford, , UK : Oxford University Press .
- Frank , M. G. , Neil , J. S. and Paul , B. B. 2001 . “ Facial expressions ” . In International encyclopedia of the social & behavioral sciences , Edited by: Smelser , N. and Baltes , P. 5230 – 5234 . Oxford, , UK : Pergamon .
- Frijda , N. H. and Mesquita , B. 1994 . The social roles and functions of emotions , Washington, DC : American Psychological Association .
- Gosselin , P. , Beaupre , M. and Boissonneault , A. 2002 . Perception of genuine and masking smiles in children and adults: Sensitivity to traces of anger . Journal of Genetic Psychology , 163 ( 1 ) : 58 – 71 .
- Gosselin , P. and Kirouac , G. 1995 . Decoding facial emotional prototypes . Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology , 49 ( 3 ) : 313 – 329 .
- Gosselin , P. , Kirouac , G. and Dore , F. Y. 1995 . Components and recognition of facial expression in the communication of emotion by actors . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 68 ( 1 ) : 83 – 96 .
- Hargrave , R. , Maddock , R. J. and Stone , V. 2002 . Impaired recognition of facial expressions of emotion in Alzheimer's disease . Journal of Neuropsychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences , 14 ( 1 ) : 64 – 71 .
- Hecht , M. A. and LaFrance , M. 1998 . License or obligation to smile: The effect of power and sex on amount and type of smiling . Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin , 24 ( 12 ) : 1332 – 1342 .
- Hess , U. , Kappas , A. , McHugo , G. J. , Kleck , R. E. and Lanzetta , J. T. 1989 . An analysis of the encoding and decoding of spontaneous and posed smiles: The use of facial electromyography . Journal of Nonverbal Behavior , 13 ( 2 ) : 121 – 137 .
- Hess , U. and Kleck , R. E. 1990 . Differentiating emotion elicited and deliberate emotional facial expressions . European Journal of Social Psychology , 20 ( 5 ) : 369 – 385 .
- Johnston , L. , Miles , L. , & Macrae , C. in press Why are you smiling at me? Social functions of enjoyment and non-enjoyment smiles . British Journal of Social Psychology .
- Keltner , D. and Haidt , J. 2001 . “ Social functions of emotions ” . In Emotions: Current issues and future directions. Emotions and social behavior , Edited by: Mayne , T. J. and Bonanno , G. A. 192 – 213 . New York : Guilford Press .
- Kohler , C. G. , Turner , T. H. , Gur , R. E. and Gur , R. C. 2004a . Recognition of facial emotions in neuropsychiatric disorders . CNS Spectrum , 9 ( 4 ) : 267 – 274 .
- Kohler , C. G. , Turner , T. , Stolar , N. M. , Bilker , W. B. , Brensinger , C. M. Gur , R. E. 2004b . Differences in facial expressions of four universal emotions . Psychiatry Research , 128 ( 3 ) : 235 – 244 .
- Kring , A. M. and Gordon , A. H. 1998 . Sex differences in emotion: Expression, experience, and physiology . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 74 ( 3 ) : 686 – 703 .
- Lang , P. J. , Bradley , M. M. , & Cuthbert , B. N. 2001 International Affective Picture System (IAPS): Instruction manual and affective ratings technical report A-5 , The Centre for Research in Psychophysiology, University of Florida .
- Loughead , J. , Gur , R. C. , Elliott , M. and Gur , R. E. 2008 . Neural circuitry for accurate identification of facial emotions . Brain Research , 1194 : 37 – 44 .
- Lundqvist , L.-O. and Dimberg , U. 1995 . Facial expressions are contagious . Journal of Psychophysiology , 9 ( 3 ) : 203 – 211 .
- Miles , L. 2005 Smiles, affordances and social interaction . Doctoral Thesis, University of Canterbury, NZ .
- Miles , L. and Johnston , L. 2007 . Detecting happiness: Perceiver sensitivity to enjoyment and non-enjoyment smiles . Journal of Nonverbal Behavior , 31 ( 4 ) : 259 – 275 .
- Motley , M. T. and Camden , C. T. 1988 . Facial expression of emotion: A comparison of posed expressions versus spontaneous expressions in an interpersonal communication setting . Western Journal of Speech Communication , 52 ( 1 ) : 1 – 22 .
- Peace , V. , Miles , L. and Johnston , L. 2006 . It doesn't matter what you wear: The impact of posed and genuine expressions of happiness on product evaluation . Social Cognition , 24 ( 2 ) : 137 – 168 .
- Pollak , S. D. , Messner , M. , Kistler , D. J. and Cohn , J. F. 2009 . Development of perceptual expertise in emotion recognition . Cognition , 110 ( 2 ) : 242 – 247 .
- Rosen , H. J. , Wilson , M. R. , Schauer , G. F. , Allison , S. , Gorno-Tempini , M. L. Pace-Savitsky , C. 2006 . Neuroanatomical correlates of impaired recognition of emotion in dementia . Neuropsychologia , 44 ( 3 ) : 365 – 373 .
- Ruffman , T. , Henry , J. D. , Livingstone , V. and Phillips , L. H. 2008 . A meta-analytic review of emotion recognition and aging: Implications for neuropsychological models of aging . Neuroscience and Biobehavior Reviews , 32 ( 4 ) : 863 – 881 .
- Seeman , T. E. , Lusignolo , T. M. , Albert , M. and Berkman , L. 2001 . Social relationships, social support, and patterns of cognitive aging in healthy, high-functioning older adults: MacArthur studies of successful aging . Health Psychology , 20 ( 4 ) : 243 – 255 .
- Snodgrass , J. G. and Corwin , J. 1988 . Pragmatics of measuring recognition memory: Applications to dementia and amnesia . Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , 117 ( 1 ) : 34 – 50 .
- Stenberg , G. , Wiking , S. and Dahl , M. 1998 . Judging words at face value: Interference in a word processing task reveals automatic processing of affective facial expressions . Cognition and Emotion , 12 ( 6 ) : 755 – 782 .
- Sullivan , S. and Ruffman , T. 2004 . Emotion recognition deficits in the elderly . International Journal of Neuroscience , 114 ( 3 ) : 403 – 432 .
- Surakka , V. and Hietanen , J. K. 1998 . Facial and emotional reactions to Duchenne and non-Duchenne smiles . International Journal of Psychophysiology , 29 ( 1 ) : 23 – 33 .
- Suzuki , A. , Hoshino , T. and Shigemasu , K. 2006 . Measuring individual differences in sensitivities to basic emotions in faces . Cognition , 99 ( 3 ) : 327 – 353 .
- Suzuki , K. and Naitoh , K. 2003 . Useful information for face perception is described with FACS . Journal of Nonverbal Behavior , 27 ( 1 ) : 43 – 55 .
- Tanaka , J. W. , Kiefer , M. and Bukach , C. M. 2004 . A holistic account of the own-race effect in face recognition: Evidence from a cross-cultural study . Cognition , 93 ( 1 ) : B1 – 9 .
- Vuilleumier , P. and Pourtois , G. 2007 . Distributed and interactive brain mechanisms during emotion face perception: Evidence from functional neuroimaging . Neuropsychologia , 45 ( 1 ) : 174 – 194 .
- Walton , P. 2004 . The Lexical Decision Computer Task (Version 1.7.23) , Christchurch, , New Zealand : Dexterware .
- Williams , L. M. , Senior , C. , David , A. S. , Loughland , C. M. and Gordon , E. 2001 . In search of the “Duchenne Smile”: Evidence from eye movements . Journal of Psychophysiology , 15 ( 2 ) : 122 – 127 .
- Zuckerman , M. , Lipets , M. S. , Koivumaki , J. H. and Rosenthal , R. 1975 . Encoding and decoding nonverbal cues of emotion . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 32 ( 6 ) : 1068 – 1076 .