Perceiving verbal and vocal emotions in a second language

REFERENCES

• Anderson , A. K. and Phelps , E. A. 2001 . Lesions of the human amygdala impair enhanced perception of emotionally salient events . Nature , 411 ( 6835 ) : 305 – 309 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anooshian , L. and Hertel , P. T. 1994 . Emotionality in free recall: Language specificity in bilingual memory . Cognition and Emotion , 8 : 503 – 514 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ayçiçeiǧi , A. and Harris , C. L. 2004 . Bilinguals’ recall and recognition of emotion words . Cognition and Emotion , 18 : 977 – 987 .
   Google Scholar
• Balota D. A. Yap M. J. Cortese M. J. Hutchison K. A. Kessler B. et al. The English Lexicon Project Behavior Research Methods 2007 39 445 – 459
   Google Scholar
• Bradley , M. M. , & Lang , P. J. 1999 . Affective Norms for English Words (ANEW): Stimuli, instruction manual and affective ratings (Technical report C-1) . Gainesville, FL : The Center for Research in Psychophysiology, University of Florida
   Google Scholar
• Chen , A. C. Gussenhoven T. Rietveld 2004 47 . Language-specificity in the perception of paralinguistic intonational meaning Language and Speech 311 – 349 .
   Google Scholar
• Cohen , B. H. 2001 . Explaining psychological statistics , New York, NY : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Darwin , C. 1872 . The expression of the emotions in man and animals , London, , UK : John Murray .
   Google Scholar
• DeSoto , M. C. , Fabiani , M. , Geary , D. C. and Gratton , G. 2001 . When in doubt, do it both ways: Brain evidence of the simultaneous activation of conflicting motor responses in a spatial Stroop task . Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience , 13 : 523 – 536 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eilola , T. M. , Havelka , J. and Sharma , D. 2007 . Emotional activation in the first and second language . Cognition and Emotion , 21 : 1064 – 1076 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Estes , Z. and Adelman , J. S. 2008 . Automatic vigilance for negative words in lexical decision and naming: Comment on Larsen, Mercer, and Balota (2006) . Emotion , 8 : 441 – 444 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Estes , Z. and Verges , M. 2008 . Freeze or flee? Negative stimuli elicit selective responding . Cognition , 108 : 557 – 565 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graham , C. R. , Hamblin , A. W. and Feldstein , S. 2001 . Recognition of emotion in English voices by speakers of Japanese, Spanish, and English . International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching , 39 : 19 – 37 .
   Google Scholar
• Grimshaw , G. M. 1998 . Integration and interference in the cerebral hemispheres: Relations with hemispheric specialization . Brain and Cognition , 36 : 108 – 127 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamamura , T. , Meijer , Z. , Heine , S. J. , Kamaya , K. and Hori , I. 2009 . Approach–avoidance motivation and information processing: A cross-cultural analysis . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 35 : 454 – 462 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris , C. L. 2004 . Bilingual speakers in the lab: Psychophysiological measures of emotional reactivity . Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development , 25 : 223 – 244 .
   Google Scholar
• Harris , C. L. , Gleason , J. B. and Ayçiçeiǧi , A. 2006 . “ When is a first language more emotional? Psychophysiological evidence from bilingual speakers ” . In Bilingual minds: Emotional experience, expression, and representation , Edited by: Pavlenko , A. Clevedon, , UK : Mulilingual Matters .
   Google Scholar
• Heine , S. J. , Kitayama , S. , Lehman , D. R. , Takata , T. , Ide , E. and Leung , C. 2001 . Divergent consequences of success and failure in Japan and North America: An investigation of self-improving motivations and malleable selves . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 81 : 599 – 615 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herbert , C. , Ethofer , T. , Anders , S. , Junghofer , M. , Wildgruber , D. Grodd , W. 2009 . Amygdala activation during reading of emotional adjectives: An advantage for pleasant content . Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience , 4 : 35 – 49 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hernandez , A. E. , Hofmann , J. and Kotz , S. A. 2007 . Age of acquisition modulates neural activity for both regular and irregular syntactic functions . NeuroImage , 36 : 912 – 923 .
   Google Scholar
• Ishii , K. , Reyes , J. A. and Kitayama , S. 2003 . Spontaneous attention to word content versus emotional tone: Differences among three cultures . Psychological Science , 14 : 39 – 46 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kitayama , S. and Ishii , K. 2002 . Word and voice: Spontaneous attention to emotional utterances in two languages . Cognition and Emotion , 16 : 29 – 59 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kucera , H. and W. Francis 1967 . Computational analysis of present-day American English Providence, RI : Brown University Press
   Google Scholar
• Larsen , R. J. , Mercer , K. A. and Balota , D. A. 2006 . Lexical characteristics of words used in emotional Stroop experiments . Emotion , 6 : 62 – 72 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lim , V. P. C. , Liow , S. J. R. , Lincoln , M. , Chan , Y. H. and Onslow , M. 2008 . Determining language dominance in English–Mandarin bilinguals: Development of a self-report classification tool for clinical use . Applied Psycholinguistics , 29 : 389 – 412 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lund , K. and Burgess , C. 1996 . Producing high-dimensional semantic spaces from lexical co-occurrence . Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers , 28 : 203 – 208 .
   Google Scholar
• Marian , V. , Blumenfeld , H. K. and Kaushanskaya , M. 2007 . The language experience and proficiency questionnaire (LEAP-Q): Assessing language profiles in bilinguals and multilinguals . Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research , 50 : 940 – 967 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masaki , H. , Takasawa , N. and Yamazaki , K. 2000 . An electrophysiological study of the locus of the interference effect in a stimulus–response compatibility paradigm . Psychophysiology , 37 : 464 – 472 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell , R. L. 2006 . How does the brain mediate interpretation of incongruent auditory emotions? The neural response to prosody in the presence of conflicting lexico-semantic cues . European Journal of Neuroscience , 24 : 3611 – 3618 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nusbaum , H. C. , Pisoni , D. B. , & Davis , C. K. 1984 . Sizing up the Hoosier mental lexicon: Measuring the familiarity of 20,000 words . In Research on Speech Perception Progress Report No. 10 Bloomington, IN : Speech Research Laboratory, Indiana University , pp. 357 – 376 .
   Google Scholar
• Öhman , A. , Flykt , A. and Esteves , F. 2001 . Emotion drives attention: Detecting the snake in the grass . Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , 130 : 466 – 478 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oishi , S. and Diener , E. 2003 . Culture and well-being: The cycle of action, evaluation, and decision . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 29 : 939 – 949 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pavlenko A. Emotion and emotion-laden words in the bilingual lexicon Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 2008 11 147 – 164
   Google Scholar
• Pell , M. D. 2005 . Prosody–face interactions in emotional processing as revealed by the facial affect decision task . Journal of Nonverbal Behavior , 29 : 193 – 215 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pell , M. D. , Monetta , L. , Paulmann , S. and Kotz , S. A. 2009 . Recognizing emotions in a foreign language . Journal of Nonverbal Behavior , 33 : 107 – 120 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pell , M. D. and Skorup , V. 2008 . Implicit processing of emotional prosody in a foreign versus native language . Speech Communication , 50 : 519 – 530 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perani , D. , Abutalebi , J. , Paulesu , E. , Brambati , S. , Scifo , P. Cappa , S. F. 2003 . The role of age of acquisition and language usage in early, high-proficient bilinguals: An fMRI study during verbal fluency . Human Brain Mapping , 19 : 170 – 182 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sander , D. , Grandjean , D. , Pourtois , G. , Schwartz , S. , Seghier , M. L. Scherer , K. R. 2005 . Emotion and attention interactions in social cognition: Brain regions involved in processing anger prosody . NeuroImage , 28 : 848 – 858 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scherer , K. R. , Banse , R. and Wallbott , H. G. 2001 . Emotion inferences from vocal expression correlate across languages and cultures . Journal of Cross-cultural Psychology , 32 : 76 – 92 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schirmer , A. , Alter , K. , Kotz , S. A. and Friederici , A. D. 2001 . Lateralization of prosody during language production: A lesion study . Brain and Language , 76 : 1 – 17 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schirmer , A. , Escoffier , N. , Zysset , S. , Koester , D. , Striano , T. and Friederici , A. D. 2008 . When vocal processing gets emotional: On the role of social orientation in relevance detection by the human amygdala . NeuroImage , 40 : 1402 – 1410 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schirmer , A. and Kotz , S. A. 2003 . ERP evidence for a gender specific Stroop effect in emotional speech . Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience , 15 : 1135 – 1148 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schirmer A. Kotz S. A. Friederici A. D. Sex differentiates the role of emotional prosody during word processing Cognitive Brain Research 2002 14 228 – 233
   Google Scholar
• Schirmer , A. , Lui , M. , Escoffier , N. , Maess , B. , Chan , M. and Penney , T. B. 2006 . Task and sex modulate the brain response to emotional incongruity in Asian listeners . Emotion , 6 : 406 – 417 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schirmer A. Striano T. Friederici A. D. Sex differences in the preattentive processing of vocal emotional expressions NeuroReport: For Rapid Communication of Neuroscience Research 2005 16 635 – 639
   Google Scholar
• Schirmer , A. , Zysset , S. , Kotz , S. A. and von Cramon , D. Y. 2004 . Gender differences in the activation of inferior frontal cortex during emotional speech perception . NeuroImage , 21 : 1114 – 1123 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shipley W. The Shipley Institute of Living Scale (Revised manual) 1986 Western Psychological Services , Los Angeles, CA .
   Google Scholar
• Solomon , D. and Ali , F. A. 1975 . Influence of verbal content and intonation on meaning attributions of first- and second-language speakers . The Journal of Social Psychology , 95 : 3 – 9 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sutton , T. M. , Altarriba , J. , Gianico , J. L. and Basnight-Brown , D. M. 2007 . The automatic access of emotion: Emotional Stroop effects in Spanish–English bilingual speakers . Cognition and Emotion , 21 : 1077 – 1090 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson , W. F. and Balkwill , L. L. 2006 . Decoding speech prosody in five languages . Semiotica , 158 : 407 – 424 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Lancker-Sidtis , D. 2003 . Auditory recognition of idioms by native and nonnative speakers of English: It takes one to know one . Applied Psycholinguistics , 24 : 45 – 57 .
   Google Scholar