Revisiting the relation between contingency awareness and attention: Evaluative conditioning relies on a contingency focus

REFERENCES

• Baeyens , F. , Eelen , P. and Van den Bergh , O. 1990 . Contingency awareness in evaluative conditioning: A case for unaware affective-evaluative learning . Cognition and Emotion , 4 : 3 – 18 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baeyens , F. , Hermans , D. and Eelen , P. 1993 . The role of CS–US contingency in human evaluative conditioning . Behaviour Research and Therapy , 31 : 731 – 737 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baron , R. M. and Kenny , D. A. 1986 . The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 51 : 1173 – 1182 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beckers , T. , De Viqo , P. and Baeyens , F. 2009 . Evaluative conditioning is insensitive to blocking . Psychologia Belgica , 49 ( 1 ) : 41 – 57 .
   Google Scholar
• Brainard , D. H. 1997 . The psychophysics toolbox . Spatial Vision , 10 : 443 – 446 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dawson , M. E. 1970 . Cognition and conditioning: Effects of masking the CS–UCS contingency on human GSR classical conditioning . Journal of Experimental Psychology , 85 : 389 – 396 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• De Houwer , J. 2007 . A conceptual and theoretical analysis of evaluative conditioning . The Spanish Journal of Psychology , 10 : 230 – 241 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Houwer , J. , Baeyens , F. and Eelen , P. 1994 . Verbal evaluative conditioning with undetected US presentations . Behaviour Research and Therapy , 32 : 629 – 633 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Houwer , J. , Baeyens , F. and Hendrickx , H. 1997 . Implicit learning of evaluative associations . Psychologia Belgica , 37 : 115 – 130 .
   Google Scholar
• Field , A. P. and Moore , A. C. 2005 . Dissociating the effects of attention and contingency awareness on evaluative conditioning effects in the visual paradigm . Cognition and Emotion , 19 : 217 – 243 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fulcher , E. P. and Hammerl , M. 2001 . When all is revealed: A dissociation between evaluative learning and contingency awareness . Consciousness and Cognition , 10 : 524 – 549 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gast , A. and Rothermund , K. 2011 . What you see is what will change: Evaluative conditioning effects depend on a focus on valence . Cognition and Emotion , 25 : 89 – 110 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hammerl , M. and Fulcher , E. P. 2005 . Reactance in affective-evaluative learning: Outside of conscious control? . Cognition and Emotion , 19 : 197 – 216 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hofmann , W. , De Houwer , J. , Perugini , M. , Baeyens , F. and Crombez , G. 2010 . Evaluative conditioning in humans: A meta-analysis . Psychological Bulletin , 136 : 390 – 421 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones , C. R. , Olson , M. A. and Fazio , R. H. 2010 . “ Evaluative conditioning: The “how” question ” . In Advances in experimental psychology , Edited by: Olson , J. M. and Zanna , M. P. Vol. 43 , 205 – 255 . San Diego , CA : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Levey , A. B. and Martin , I. 1975 . Classical conditioning of human evaluative responses . Behaviour Research and Therapy , 13 : 221 – 226 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lovibond , P. F. and Shanks , D. R. 2002 . The role of awareness in Pavlovian conditioning: Empirical evidence and theoretical implications . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes , 28 : 3 – 26 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell , C. J. , De Houwer , J. and Lovibond , P. F. 2009 . The propositional nature of human associative learning . Behavioral and Brain Sciences , 32 : 183 – 246 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pelli , D. G. 1997 . The VideoToolbox software for visual psychophysics: Transforming numbers into movies . Spatial Vision , 10 : 437 – 442 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pleyers , G. , Corneille , O. , Luminet , O. and Yzerbyt , V. 2007 . Aware and (dis)liking: Item-based analyses reveal that valence acquisition via evaluative conditioning emerges only when there is contingency awareness . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition , 33 : 130 – 144 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pleyers , G. , Corneille , O. , Yzerbyt , V. and Luminet , O. 2009 . Evaluative conditioning may incur attentional costs . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes , 35 : 279 – 285 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Purkis , H. M. and Lipp , O. V. 2010 . Stimulus competition in pre/post and online ratings in an evaluative learning design . Learning and Motivation , 41 : 84 – 94 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stahl , C. and Unkelbach , C. 2009 . Evaluative learning with single versus multiple unconditioned stimuli: The role of contingency awareness . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes , 35 : 286 – 291 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stahl , C. , Unkelbach , C. and Corneille , O. 2009 . On the respective contributions of awareness of US valence and US identity in attitude formation through evaluative conditioning . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 97 : 404 – 420 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walther , E. and Nagengast , B. 2006 . Evaluative conditioning and the awareness issue: Assessing contingency awareness with the four-picture recognition test . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes , 32 : 454 – 459 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar