794
Views
3
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
REGULAR ARTICLES

The role of childhood and adulthood trauma and appraisal of self-discrepancy in overgeneral memory retrieval

&
Pages 979-994 | Received 02 May 2012, Accepted 25 Nov 2012, Published online: 16 Jan 2013

REFERENCES

  • Aglan , A. , Williams , J. M. G. , Pickles , A. , & Hill , J. 2010 . Overgeneral autobiographical memory in women: Association with childhood abuse and history of depression in a community sample . British Journal of Clinical Psychology , 49 , 359 – 372 . doi: 10.1348/014466509x467413
  • Agresti , A. and Finlay , B. 2009 . Statistical methods for the social science , 4th ed , Upper Saddle River , New Jersey (USA) : Pearson Prentice Hall .
  • Anderson , P. 2002 . Assessment and development of executive function (EF) during childhood . Child Neuropsychology , 8 2 , 71 – 82 . doi: 10.1076/chin.8.2.71.8724
  • Anderson , R. J. , Goddard , L. , & Powell , J. H. 2010 . Reduced specificity of autobiographical memory as a moderator of the relationship between daily hassles and depression . Cognition and Emotion , 24 4 , 702 – 709 . doi: 10.1080/02699930802598029
  • Beck , A. T. 1979 . Cognitive therapy of depression , New York , NY : Guilford Press .
  • Billings , A. G. and Moos , R. H. 1981 . The role of coping responses and social resources in attenuating the stress of life events . Journal of Behavioral Medicine , 4 ( 2 ) : 139 – 157 . doi: 10.1007/BF00844267
  • Bower , G. H. 1981 . Mood and memory . American Psychologist , 36 ( 2 ) : 129 – 148 . doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.36.2.129
  • Bradley , M. M. , & Lang , P. J. 1999 . Affective Norms for English Words (ANEW): Instruction manual and affective ratings (Technical Report C-1) . Gainesville , FL : University of Florida .
  • Brewin , C. R. 2006 . Understanding cognitive behaviour therapy: A retrieval competition account . Behaviour Research and Therapy , 44 6 , 765 – 784 . doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2006.02.005
  • Brewin , C. R. and Vallance , H. 1997 . Self-discrepancies in young adults and childhood violence . Journal of Interpersonal Violence , 12 ( 4 ) : 600 – 606 . doi: 10.1177/088626097012004008
  • Brown , T. A. , Chorpita , B. F. , Korotitsch , W. , & Barlow , D. H. 1997 . Psychometric properties of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) in clinical samples . Behaviour Research and Therapy , 35 1 , 79 – 89 . doi: 10.1016/s0005-7967(96)00068-x
  • Bryant , R. A. , Sutherland , K. , & Guthrie , R. M. 2007 . Impaired specific autobiographical memory as a risk factor for posttraumatic stress after trauma . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 116 4 , 837 – 841 . doi: 10.1037/0021-843x.116.4.837
  • Carver , C. S. , Lawrence , J. W. and Scheier , M. F. 1999 . Self-discrepancies and affect: Incorporating the role of feared selves . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 25 ( 7 ) : 783 – 792 . doi: 10.1177/0146167299025007002
  • Classen , C. , Field , N. P. , Atkinson , A. and Spiegel , D. 1998 . Representations of self in women sexually abused in childhood . Child Abuse & Neglect , 22 ( 10 ) : 997 – 1004 . doi: 10.1016/S0145-2134(98)00076-3
  • Conway , M. A. 2005 . Memory and the self . Journal of Memory and Language , 53 4 , 594 – 628 . doi: 10.1016/j.jml.2005.08.005
  • Conway , M. A. , & Pleydell-Pearce , C. W. 2000 . The construction of autobiographical memories in the self-memory system . Psychological Review , 107 2 , 261 – 288 . doi: 10.1037//0033-295x.107.2.261
  • Cook , F. , Ciorciari , J. , Varker , T. , & Devilly , G. J. 2009 . Changes in long term neural connectivity following psychological trauma . Clinical Neurophysiology , 120 2 , 309 – 314 . doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2008.11.021
  • Crane , C. , Barnhofer , T. , Visser , C. , Nightingale , H. , & Williams , J. M. G. 2007 . The effects of analytical and experiential rumination on autobiographical memory specificity in individuals with a history of major depression . Behaviour Research and Therapy , 45 12 , 3077 – 3087 . doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2007.05.009
  • Crane , C. , Barnhofer , T. , & Williams , J. M. 2007 . Cue self-relevance affects autobiographical memory specificity in individuals with a history of major depression . Memory , 15 3 , 312 – 323 . doi: 10.1080/09658210701256530
  • Crowne , D. P. and Marlowe , D. 1960 . A new scale of social desirability independent of psychopathology . Journal of Consulting Psychology , 24 ( 4 ) : 349 – 354 . doi: 10.1037/h0047358
  • Foa , E. B. , Cashman , L. , Jaycox , L. and Perry , K. 1997 . The validation of a self-report measure of posttraumatic stress disorder: The Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale . Psychological Assessment , 9 ( 4 ) : 445 – 451 . doi: 10.1037/1040-3590.9.4.445
  • Foa , E. B. , Riggs , D. S. , Dancu , C. V. and Rothbaum , B. O. 1993 . Reliability and validity of a brief instrument for assessing post-traumatic stress disorder . Journal of Traumatic Stress , 6 : 459 – 473 . doi: 10.1002/jts.2490060405
  • Francis , J. J. , Boldero , J. M. , & Sambell , N. L. 2006 . Self-lines: A new, psychometrically sound, “user-friendly” idiographic technique for assessing self-discrepancies . Cognitive Therapy and Research , 30 1 , 69 – 84 . doi: 10.1007/s10608-006-9009-x
  • Hardin , E. E. , & Lakin , J. L. 2009 . The integrated self-discrepancy index: A reliable and valid measure of self-discrepancies . Journal of Personality Assessment , 91 3 , 245 – 253 . doi: 10.1080/00223890902794291
  • Harvey , P. O. , Le Bastard , G. , Pochon , J. B. , Levy , R. , Allilaire , J. F. , Dubois , B. and Fossati , P. 2004 . Executive functions and updating of the contents of working memory in unipolar depression . Journal of Psychiatric Research , 38 ( 6 ) : 567 – 576 . doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2004.03.003
  • Hauer , B. J. A. , Wessel , I. , Geraerts , E. , Merckelbach , H. , & Dalgleish , T. 2008 . Autobiographical memory specificity after manipulating retrieval cues in adults reporting childhood sexual abuse . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 117 2 , 444 – 453 . doi: 10.1037/0021-843x.117.2.444
  • Henderson , D. , Hargreaves , I. , Gregory , S. and Williams , J. M. G. 2002 . Autobiographical memory and emotion in a non-clinical sample of women with and without a reported history of childhood sexual abuse . British Journal of Clinical Psychology , 41 : 129 – 141 . doi: 10.1348/014466502163921
  • Higgins , E. T. 1987 . Self-discrepancy—A theory relating self and affect . Psychological Review , 94 ( 3 ) : 319 – 340 . doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.94.3.319
  • Horowitz , M. J. 1997 . Stress response syndromes , 3rd ed , Northvale , NJ : Aronson .
  • Janoff-Bulman , R. 1992 . Shattered assumptions: Towards a new psychology of trauma , New York , NY : Free Press .
  • Kessler , R. C. , Davis , C. G. , & Kendler , K. S. 1997 . Childhood adversity and adult psychiatric disorder in the US National Comorbidity Survey [Article] . Psychological Medicine , 27 5 , 1101 – 1119 . doi: 10.1017/s0033291797005588
  • Kessler , R. C. , Sonnega , A. , Bromet , E. , Hughes , M. and Nelson , C. B. 1995 . Posttraumatic stress disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey . Archives of General Psychiatry , 52 ( 12 ) : 1048 – 1060 . doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1995.03950240066012
  • Kuyken , W. and Dalgleish , T. 1995 . Autobiographical memory and depression . British Journal of Clinical Psychology , 34 : 89 – 92 . doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8260.1995.tb01441.x
  • Lazarus , R. S. and Folkman , S. 1984 . Stress, appraisal, and coping , New York , NY : Springer .
  • Lovibond , P. F. and Lovibond , S. H. 1995 . The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories . Behaviour Research and Therapy , 33 : 335 – 343 . doi: 10.1016/0005-7967(94)00075-U
  • Mackinger , H. F. , Pachinger , M. M. , Leibetseder , M. M. , & Fartacek , R. R. 2000 . Autobiographical memories in women remitted from major depression . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 109 2 , 331 – 334 . doi: 10.1037//0021-843x.109.2.331
  • McNally , R. J. , Clancy , S. A. , Barrett , H. M. , Parker , H. A. , Ristuccia , C. S. , & Perlman , C. A. 2006 . Autobiographical memory specificity in adults reporting repressed, recovered, or continuous memories of childhood sexual abuse . Cognition and Emotion , 20 3–4 , 527 – 535 . doi: 10.1080/02699930500342779
  • Narvaez , J. C. M. , Magalhães , P. V. S. , Trindade , E. K. , Vieira , D. C. , Kauer-Sant'Anna , M. , Gama , C. S. , … Kapczinski , F. 2011 . Childhood trauma, impulsivity, and executive functioning in crack cocaine users . Comprehensive Psychiatry , 53 , 238 – 244 doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2011.04.058
  • Ottenbreit , N. D. , & Dobson , K. S. 2004 . Avoidance and depression: The construction of the Cognitive-Behavioral Avoidance Scale . Behaviour Research and Therapy , 42 3 , 293 – 313 . doi: 10.1016/s0005-7967(03)00140-2
  • Raes , F. , Herman , J. L. , Williams , J. M. , Brunfaut , E. , Hamelinck , L. and Eelen , P. 2006 . “ Reduced autobiographical memory specificity and trauma in major depression: On the importance of post-trauma coping versus mere trauma exposure ” . In New developments in child abuse research , Edited by: Sturt , S. M. 61 – 72 . New York , NY : Nova Science .
  • Raes , F. , & Hermans , D. 2008 . On the mediating role of subtypes of rumination in the relationship between childhood emotional abuse and depressed mood: Brooding versus reflection . Depression and Anxiety , 25 12 , 1067 – 1070 . doi: 10.1002/da.20447
  • Raes , F. , Hermans , D. , de Decker , A. , Eelen , P. and Williams , J. M. G. 2003 . Autobiographical memory specificity and affect regulation: An experimental approach . Emotion , 3 : 201 – 206 . doi: 10.1037/1528-3542.3.2.201
  • Raes , F. , Schoofs , H. , Griffith , J. W. , & Hermans , D. 2012 . Rumination relates to reduced autobiographical memory specificity in formerly depressed patients following a self-discrepancy challenge: The case of autobiographical memory specificity reactivity . Journal of Behavior Therapy & Experimental Psychiatry , 43 4 , 1002 – 1007 . doi: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2012.03.003
  • Raymaekers , L. , Smeets , T. , Peters , M. J. and Merckelbach , H. 2010 . Autobiographical memory specificity among people with recovered memories of childhood sexual abuse . Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry , 41 ( 4 ) : 338 – 344 . doi: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2010.03.004
  • Rogers , C. 1961 . On becoming a person: A therapist's view of psychotherapy , London : Constable .
  • Rubin , D. C. 1986 . Autobiographical memory , New York , NY : Cambridge University Press .
  • Schoofs , H. , Hermans , D. , Griffith , J. W. , & Raes , F. 2012 . Self-discrepancy and reduced autobiographical memory specificity in ruminating students and depressed patients . Cognition and Emotion , 1 – 18 . doi: 10.1080/02699931.2012.703640
  • Schoofs , H. , Hermans , D. and Raes , F. 2012 . Effect of self-discrepancy on specificity of autobiographical memory retrieval [Research Support, Non-US Gov't] . Memory , 20 ( 1 ) : 63 – 72 . doi: 10.1080/09658211.2011.637934
  • Strauman , T. J. 1990 . Self-guides and emotionally significant childhood memories: A study of retrieval efficiency and incidental negative emotional content . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 59 ( 5 ) : 869 – 880 . doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.59.5.869
  • Sutherland , K. and Bryant , R. A. 2007 . Autobiographical memory in posttraumatic stress disorder before and after treatment . Behaviour Research and Therapy , 45 ( 12 ) : 2915 – 2923 . doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2007.08.009
  • Sutherland , K. , & Bryant , R. A. 2008a . Autobiographical memory and the self-memory system in posttraumatic stress disorder . Journal of Anxiety Disorders , 22 3 , 555 – 560 . doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2007.03.008
  • Sutherland , K. , & Bryant , R. A. 2008b . Social problem solving and autobiographical memory in posttraumatic stress disorder . Behaviour Research and Therapy , 46 1 , 154 – 161 . doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2007.10.005
  • Tangney , J. P. , Niedenthal , P. M. , Covert , M. V. and Barlow , D. H. 1998 . Are shame and guilt related to distinct self-discrepancies? A test of Higgins's (1987) hypotheses . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 75 ( 1 ) : 256 – 268 . doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.75.1.256
  • Watkins , E. , & Brown , R. G. 2002 . Rumination and executive function in depression: An experimental study . Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry , 72 3 , 400 – 402 . doi: 10.1136/jnnp.72.3.400
  • Watkins , E. R. 2008 . Constructive and unconstructive repetitive thought [Review] . Psychological Bulletin , 134 2 , 163 – 206 . doi: 10.1037/0033–2909.134.2.163
  • Wenzlaff , R. M. , & Luxton , D. D. 2003 . The role of thought suppression in depressive rumination . Cognitive Therapy and Research , 27 3 , 293 – 308 . doi: 10.1023/a:1023966400540
  • Wessel , I. , Merckelbach , H. and Dekkers , T. 2002 . Autobiographical memory specificity, intrusive memory, and general memory skills in Dutch-Indonesian survivors of the World War II era . Journal of Traumatic Stress , 15 ( 3 ) : 227 – 234 . doi: 10.1023/A:1015207428675
  • Williams , J. M. G. 1996 . “ Depression and the specificity of autobiographical memory ” . In Remembering our past: Studies in autobiographical memory , Edited by: Rubin , D. C. 244 – 267 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
  • Williams , J. M. G. , Barnhofer , T. , Crane , C. , Hermans , D. , Raes , F. , Watkins , E. , & Dalgleish , T. 2007 . Autobiographical memory specificity and emotional disorder . Psychological Bulletin , 133 1 , 122 – 148 . doi: 10.1037/0033–2909.133.1.122
  • Williams , J. M. G. and Broadbent , K. 1986 . Autobiographical memory in suicide attempters . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 95 ( 2 ) : 144 – 149 . doi: 10.1037/0021-843X.95.2.144

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.