Who am I?: The influence of affect on the working self-concept

REFERENCES

• Baron , R. , Logan , H. , Lilly , J. , Inman , M. and Brennan , M. 1994 . Negative emotion and message processing . Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , 30 : 181 – 201 . doi: 10.1006/jesp.1994.1009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beukeboom , C. J. and Semin , G. R. 2005 . Mood and representations of behaviour: The how and why . Cognition and Emotion , 19 : 1242 – 1251 . doi: 10.1080/02699930500203369
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beukeboom , C. J. and Semin , G. R. 2006 . How mood turns on language . Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , 42 : 553 – 566 . doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2005.09.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bless , H. 2000 . “ The interplay of affect and cognition: The mediating role of general knowledge structures ” . In Feeling and thinking: The role of affect in social cognition , Edited by: Forgas , J. P. 201 – 222 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bless , H. 2001 . “ The relation between mood and the use of general knowledge structures ” . In Mood and social cognition: Contrasting theories , Edited by: Martin , L. L. and Clore , G. L. 9 – 29 . Mahwah , NJ : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Bless , H. , Bohner , G. , Schwarz , N. and Strack , F. 1990 . Mood and persuasion: A cognitive response analysis . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 16 : 331 – 345 . doi: 10.1177/0146167290162013
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bless , H. and Fiedler , K. 1995 . Affective states and the influence of activated general knowledge . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 21 : 766 – 778 . doi: 10.1177/0146167295217010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bless , H. , Schwarz , N. , Clore , G. L. , Golisano , V. , Rabe , C. and Wolk , M. 1996 . Mood and the use of scripts: Does a happy mood really lead to mindlessness? . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 71 : 665 – 679 . doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.71.4.665
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bodenhausen , G. V. , Kramer , G. P. and Susser , K. 1994 . Happiness and stereotypic thinking in social judgment . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 66 : 621 – 632 . doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.66.4.621
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bodenhausen , G. V. , Sheppard , L. A. and Kramer , G. P. 1994 . Negative affect and social judgment: The differential impact of anger and sadness . European Journal of Social Psychology , 24 : 45 – 62 . doi: 10.1002/ejsp.2420240104
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bohner , G. , Crow , K. , Erb , H. P. and Schwarz , N. 1992 . Affect and persuasion: Mood effects on the processing of message content and context cues and on subsequent behaviour . European Journal of Social Psychology , 22 : 511 – 530 . doi: 10.1002/ejsp.2420220602
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bohner , G. and Weinerth , T. 2001 . Negative affect can increase or decrease message scrutiny: The affect interpretation hypothesis . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 27 : 1417 – 1428 . doi: 10.1177/01461672012711003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bower , G. H. 1981 . Mood and memory . American Psychologist , 36 ( 2 ) : 129 – 148 . doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.36.2.129
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlson , M. and Miller , N. 1987 . Explanation of the relation between negative mood and helping . Psychological Bulletin , 102 ( 1 ) : 91 – 108 . doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.102.1.91
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clore , G. L. and Huntsinger , J. R. 2009 . How the object of affect guides its impact . Emotion Review , 1 ( 1 ) : 39 – 54 . doi: 10.1177/1754073908097185
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clore , G. L. , Wyer , R. S. , Dienes , B. , Gasper , K. , Gohm , C. and Isbell , L. 2001 . “ Affective feelings as feedback: Some cognitive consequences ” . In Theories of mood and cognition: A user's guidebook , Edited by: Martin , L. L. and Clore , G. L. 27 – 62 . Mahwah , NJ : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Cousins , S. D. 1989 . Culture and selfhood in Japan and the US . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 56 : 124 – 131 . doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.56.1.124
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeSteno , D. , Petty , R. E. , Wegener , D. T. and Rucker , D. D. 2000 . Beyond valence in the perception of likelihood: The role of emotion specificity . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 78 : 397 – 416 . doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.78.3.397
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Detweiler-Bedell , B. , Detweiler-Bedell , J. B. and Salovey , P. 2006 . Mood-congruent perceptions of success depend on self-other framing . Cognition and Emotion , 20 : 196 – 216 . doi: 10.1080/02699930500294996
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunning , D. , Meyerowitz , J. A. and Holzberg , A. D. 1989 . Ambiguity and self-evaluation: The role of idiosyncratic trait definitions in self-serving assessments of ability . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 57 : 1082 – 1090 . doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.57.6.1082
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edwards , J. A. , Weary , G. , von Hippel , W. and Jacobson , J. A. 2000 . The effects of depression on impression formation: The role of trait and category diagnosticity . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 26 : 462 – 473 . doi: 10.1177/0146167200266005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eich , E. and Forgas , J. P. 2003 . “ Mood, cognition, and memory ” . In Handbook of psychology: Experimental psychology , Edited by: Healy , A. F. and Proctor , R. W. Vol. 4 , 61 – 83 . Hoboken , NJ : John Wiley & Sons Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Fiske , S. T. and Taylor , S. E. 2008 . Social cognition: From brains to culture , New York , NY : McGraw-Hill .
   Google Scholar
• Forgas , J. P. 2011 . Affective influences on self-disclosure: Mood effects on the intimacy and reciprocity of disclosing personal information . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 100 : 449 – 461 . doi: 10.1037/a0021129
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forgas , J. P. and Ciarrochi , J. V. 2002 . On managing moods: Evidence for the role of homeostatic cognitive strategies in affect regulation . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 28 : 336 – 345 . doi: 10.1177/0146167202286005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frijda , N. H. 1986 . The emotions , New York , NY : Cambridge University Press Editions de la Maison des Sciences de l'Homme .
   Google Scholar
• Frijda , N. 1988 . The laws of emotion . American Psychologist , 43 : 349 – 358 . doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.43.5.349
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frijda , N. H. and Mesquita , B. 1994 . “ The social roles and functions of emotions ” . In Emotion and culture: Empirical studies of mutual influence , Edited by: Kitayama , S. and Markus , H. R. 51 – 87 . Washington , DC : American Psychological Association .
   Google Scholar
• Gasper , K. 2004 . Do you see what I see? Affect and visual information processing . Cognition and Emotion , 18 ( 3 ) : 405 – 421 . doi: 10.1080/02699930341000068
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gasper , K. and Clore , G. L. 2000 . Do you have to pay attention to your feelings to be influenced by them? . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 26 ( 6 ) : 698 – 711 . doi: 10.1177/0146167200268005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hampson , S. E. , John , O. P. and Goldberg , L. R. 1986 . Category breadth and hierarchical structure in personality: Studies of asymmetries in judgments of trait implications . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 51 : 37 – 54 . doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.51.1.37
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirt , E. R. , Levine , G. M. , McDonald , H. E. , Melton , R. J. and Martin , L. L. 1997 . The role of mood in qualitative and quantitative aspects of performance: Single or multiple mechanisms? . Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , 33 : 602 – 629 . doi: 10.1006/jesp.1997.1335
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunsinger , M. , Isbell , L. M. and Clore , G. L. 2012 . Sometimes happy people focus on the trees and sad people focus on the forest: Context dependent effects of mood in impression formation . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 38 : 220 – 232 . doi: 10.1177/0146167211424166
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Isbell , L. M. 2004 . Not all happy people are lazy or stupid: Evidence of systematic processing in happy moods . Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , 40 : 341 – 349 . doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2003.06.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Isbell , L. M. , Burns , K. C. and Haar , T. 2005 . The role of affect on the search for global and specific target information . Social Cognition , 23 : 529 – 552 . doi: 10.1521/soco.2005.23.6.529
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Isbell , M. , & Lair , E. C. in press . Moods, emotions, and evaluations as information . Chapter to appear in D. Carlston , Handbook of social cognition . Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Isbell , L. M. , Lair , E. C. , & Rovenpor , D. R. ( in press ). Affect-As-Information about processing styles: A cognitive malleability approach . Social and Personality Psychology Compass .
   Google Scholar
• Isbell , L. M. and Wyer , R. S. Jr. 1999 . Correcting for mood-induced bias in the evaluation of political candidates: The roles of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 25 ( 2 ) : 237 – 249 . doi: 10.1177/0146167299025002009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• John , O. P. , Hampson , S. E. and Goldberg , L. R. 1991 . The basic level in personality-trait hierarchies: Studies of trait use and accessibility in different contexts . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 60 : 348 – 361 . doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.60.3.348
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karpinski , A. , Steinberg , J. A. , Versek , B. and Alloy , L. B. 2007 . The Breadth-based Adjective Rating Task (BART) as an indirect measure of self-esteem . Social Cognition , 25 : 778 – 818 . doi: 10.1521/soco.2007.25.6.778
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keltner , D. , Ellsworth , P. C. and Edwards , K. 1993 . Beyond simple pessimism: Effects of sadness and anger on social perception . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 64 : 740 – 752 . doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.64.5.740
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuhn , M. H. and McPartland , T. S. 1954 . An empirical investigation of self-attitudes . American Sociological Review , 19 : 68 – 76 . doi: 10.2307/2088175
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kunda , Z. 1999 . Social cognition: Making sense of people , Cambridge , MA : MIT Press .
   Google Scholar
• Lazarus , R. S. 1991 . Emotion and adaptation , New York , NY : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Lerner , J. S. and Keltner , D. 2000 . Beyond valence: Toward a model of emotion-specific influences on judgment and choice . Cognition and Emotion , 14 : 473 – 493 . doi: 10.1080/026999300402763
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lerner , J. S. and Keltner , D. 2001 . Fear, anger, and risk . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 81 : 146 – 159 . doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.81.1.146
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Markus , H. and Kunda , Z. 1986 . Stability and malleability of the self-concept . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 51 : 858 – 866 . doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.51.4.858
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Markus , H. and Wurf , E. 1987 . The dynamic self-concept: A social psychological perspective . Annual Review of Psychology , 38 : 299 – 337 . doi: 10.1146/annurev.ps.38.020187.001503
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin , L. L. , Ward , D. W. , Achee , J. W. and Wyer , R. S. 1993 . Mood as input: People have to interpret the motivational implications of their moods . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 64 ( 3 ) : 317 – 326 . doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.64.3.317
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neff , L. A. and Karney , B. R. 2002 . Judgments of a relationship partner: Specific accuracy but global enhancement . Journal of Personality , 70 : 1079 – 1112 . doi: 10.1111/1467-6494.05032
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ortony , A. , Clore , G. L. and Collins , A. 1988 . The cognitive structure of emotions , New York , NY : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Ottati , V. C. and Isbell , L. M. 1996 . Effects on mood during exposure to target information on subsequently reported judgments: An on-line model of misattribution and correction . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 71 ( 1 ) : 39 – 53 . doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.71.1.39
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parker , M. T. and Isbell , L. M. 2010 . How I vote depends on how I feel: The differential impact of anger and fear on political information processing . Psychological Science , 21 ( 4 ) : 548 – 550 . doi: 10.1177/0956797610364006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rhee , E. , Uleman , J. S. , Roman , R. J. and Lee , H. K. 1995 . Spontaneous self-descriptions and ethnic identities in individualistic and collectivistic cultures . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 69 : 142 – 152 . doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.69.1.142
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roseman , I. J. 1984 . Cognitive determinants of emotion: A structural theory . Review of Personality and Social Psychology , 5 : 11 – 36 .
   Google Scholar
• Schwarz , N. 1990 . Feelings as information: Informational and motivational functions of affective states . In : E. T. Higgins & R. M. Sorrentino Motivation and cognition: Foundations of social behavior (Vol. 2 , pp. 527 – 561 ). New York , NY : Guilford Press .
   Google Scholar
• Schwarz , N. , Bless , H. , & Bohner , G. 1991 . Mood and persuasion: Affective states influence the processing of persuasive communications . In M. Zanna , Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 24 , pp. 161 – 199 ). San Diego , CA : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Schwarz , N. and Clore , G. L. 1983 . Mood, misattribution, and judgments of well-being: Informative and directive functions of affective states . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 45 : 513 – 523 . doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.45.3.513
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwarz , N. , & Clore , G. L. 2007 . Feelings and phenomenal experiences . In A. Kruglanski & E. T. Higgins , Social psychology: Handbook of principles , 2nd ed , pp. 385 – 407 ). New York , NY : Guilford Press .
   Google Scholar
• Sedikides , C. 1992 . Changes in the valence of the self as a function of mood . Review of Personality and Social Psychology , 14 : 271 – 311 .
   Google Scholar
• Sedikides , C. 1994 . Incongruent effects of sad mood on self-conception valence: It's a matter of time . European Journal of Social Psychology , 24 : 161 – 172 . doi: 10.1002/ejsp.2420240112
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sedikides , C. 1995 . Central and peripheral self-conceptions are differentially influenced by mood: Tests of the differential sensitivity hypothesis . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 69 : 759 – 777 . doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.69.4.759
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sedikides , C. and Green , J. D. 2001 . “ Affective influences on the self-concept: Qualifying the mood-congruency principle ” . In Affect and social cognition , Edited by: Forgas , J. P. 145 – 160 . Mahwah , NJ : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Simon , H. A. 1967 . Motivational and emotional controls of cognition . Psychological Review , 74 ( 1 ) : 29 – 39 . doi: 10.1037/h0024127
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinclair , R. C. , Mark , M. M. and Clore , G. L. 1994 . Mood-related persuasion depends on (mis)attributions . Social Cognition , 12 : 309 – 326 . doi: 10.1521/soco.1994.12.4.309
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , C. A. and Ellsworth , P. C. 1985 . Patterns of cognitive appraisal in emotion . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 48 : 813 – 838 . doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.48.4.813
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tiedens , L. Z. 2001 . The effect of anger on the hostile inferences of aggressive and nonaggressive people: Specific emotions, cognitive processing, and chronic accessibility . Motivation and Emotion , 25 ( 3 ) : 233 – 251 . doi: 10.1023/A:1012224507488
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tiedens , L. Z. and Linton , S. 2001 . Judgment under emotional certainty and uncertainty: The effects of specific emotions on information processing . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 81 : 973 – 988 . doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.81.6.973
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wakslak , C. J. , Nussbaum , S. , Liberman , N. and Trope , Y. 2008 . Representations of the self in the near and distant future . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 95 : 757 – 773 . doi: 10.1037/a0012939
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weary , G. and Jacobsen , J. A. 1997 . Causal uncertainty beliefs and diagnostic information seeking . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 73 : 839 – 849 . doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.73.4.839
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wyer , R. S. , Clore , G. L. and Isbell , L. 1999 . Affect and information processing . Advances in Experimental Social Psychology , 31 : 3 – 78 .
   Google Scholar