Advanced search
Publication Cover
Cognition and Emotion Volume 28, 2014 - Issue 4
Submit an article Journal homepage
837
Views
7
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
BRIEF REPORT

When do self-discrepancies predict negative emotions? Exploring formal operational thought and abstract reasoning skills as moderators

Erin N. StevensDepartment of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USACorrespondence[email protected]
,
Nicole J. HolmbergDepartment of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
,
M. Christine LovejoyDepartment of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
&
Laura D. PittmanDepartment of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
Pages 707-716 | Received 14 May 2013, Accepted 11 Sep 2013, Published online: 11 Oct 2013

REFERENCES

  • Aiken, L. S., & West, S. G. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Arlin, P. K. (1982). A multitrait-multimethod validity study of a test of formal reasoning. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 42, 1077–1088. doi:10.1177/001316448204200414
  • Arlin, P. K. (1984). Arlin test of formal reasoning. East Aurora, NY: Slosson.
  • Beck, A. T., Epstein, N., Brown, G., & Steer, R. A. (1988). An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: Psychometric properties. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56, 893–897. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.56.6.893
  • Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Brown, G. K. (1996). Manual for the beck depression inventory – II. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
  • Boldero, J. M., Moretti, M. M., Bell, R. C., & Francis, J. J. (2005). Self-discrepancies and negative affect: A primer on when to look for specificity, and how to find it. Australian Journal of Psychology, 57, 139–147. doi:10.1080/00049530500048730
  • Emick, J. & Welsh, M. (2005). Association between formal operational thought and executive function as measured by the Tower of Hanoi-Revised. Learning and Individual Differences, 15, 177–188. doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2004.11.004
  • Gale, C. R., Hatch, S. L., Batty, G. D., & Deary, I. J. (2009). Intelligence in childhood and risk of psychological distress in adulthood: The 1958 National Child Development Survey and the 1970 British Cohort Study. Intelligence, 37, 592–599. doi:10.1016/j.intell.2008.09.002
  • Hagborg, W. J., Wachman, E. M. (1992). The Arlin test of formal reasoning and the identification of accelerated mathematics students. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 52, 437–442. doi:10.1177/0013164492052002019
  • Hardin, E. E., & Lakin, J. L. (2009). The integrated self-discrepancy index: A reliable and valid measure of self-discrepancies. Journal of Personality Assessment, 91, 245–253. doi:10.1080/00223890902794291
  • Higgins, E. T. (1987). Self-discrepancy: A theory relating self and affect. Psychological Review, 94, 319–340. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.94.3.319
  • Higgins, E. T. (1989). Continuities and discontinuities in self-regulatory and self-evaluative processes: A developmental theory relating self and affect. Journal of Personality, 57, 407–444. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1989.tb00488.x
  • Leahy, R. L. (1985). The costs of development: Clinical implications. In R. L. Leahy (Ed.), The development of the self (pp. 267–294). New York, NY: Academic Press.
  • Miller, G. A., & Chapman, J. P. (2001). Misunderstanding analysis of covariance. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 110, 40–48. doi:10.1037//0021-843X.110.1.40
  • Papadakis, A. A., & Strauman, T. J. (2011). Stress, coping, socialization, and goals: A self-regulation perspective on gender and depression in adolescence. In T. J. Strauman, P. Costanzo, & J. Garber (Eds.), Depression in adolescent girls: Science and prevention (pp. 151–177). New York, NY: Guilford.
  • Phillips, A. G., & Silvia, P. J. (2010). Individual differences in self-discrepancies and emotional experience: Do distinct discrepancies predict distinct emotions? Personality and Individual Differences, 49(2), 148–151. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2010.03.010
  • Scott, L., & O'Hara, M. W. (1993). Self-discrepancies in clinically anxious and depressed university students. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 102, 282–287. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.102.2.282
  • Shute, G. E., & Huertas, V. (1990). Developmental variability in frontal lobe function. Developmental Neuropsychology, 6(1), 1–11. doi:10.1080/87565649009540445
  • Strauman, T. J., & Higgins, E. T. (1988). Self-discrepancies as predictors of vulnerability to distinct syndromes of chronic emotional distress. Journal of Personality, 56, 685–707. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1988.tb00472.x
  • Strauman, T. J., Vieth, A. Z., Merrill, K. A., Kolden, G. G., Woods, T. E., Klein, M. H., … Kwapil, L. (2006). Self-system therapy as an intervention for self-regulatory dysfunction in depression: A randomized comparison with cognitive therapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74, 367–376. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.74.2.367
  • Strauman, T. J., & Wilson, W. A. (2010). Individual differences in approach and avoidance: Behavioral activation/inhibition and regulatory focus as distinct levels of analysis. In R. H. Hoyle (Ed.), Handbook of personality and self-regulation (pp. 447–473). Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Wechsler, D. (2008). Wechsler adult intelligence scale (4th ed.). San Antonio, TX: Pearson Assessment.
  • Weitlauf, A. S., & Cole, D. A. (2012). Cognitive development masks support for attributional style models of depression in children and adolescents. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 40, 849–862. doi:10.1007/s10802-012-9617-8

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Order Reprints Request Corporate Permissions

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

Request Academic Permissions

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.

Related research

People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.

Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.

Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.