Emotional responses to honour situations in Turkey and the northern USA

REFERENCES

• Abu-Lughod, L. (1999). Veiled sentiments. Honor and poetry in a Bedouin society. Berkeley: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Abou-Zeid, A. (1965). Honour and shame among the Bedouins of Egypt. In J. Peristiany (Ed.), Honour and shame: The values of Mediterranean society (pp. 243–259). London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
   Google Scholar
• Antoun, R. T. (1968). On the modesty of women in Arab Muslim villages. American Anthropologist, 70, 671–696. doi:10.1525/aa.1968.70.4.02a00010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bagli, M., & Sev'er, A. (2003). Female and male suicides in Batman, Turkey: Poverty, social change, patriarchal oppression and gender links. Women's Health & Urban Life, 2, 60–84.
   Google Scholar
• Cantor, N., & Mischel, W. (1979). Prototypicality and personality: Effects on free recall and personality impressions. Journal of Research in Personality, 13, 187–205. doi:10.1016/0092-6566(79)90030-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cantor, N., Mischel, W., & Schwartz, J. (1982). A prototype analysis of psychological situations. Cognitive Psychology, 14, 45–77. doi:10.1016/0010-0285(82)90004-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cihangir, S. (2013). Gender specific honor codes and cultural change. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations, 16, 319–333. doi:10.1177/1368430212463453
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cleary, T. A., & Hilton, T. L. (1968). An investigation of item bias. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 28, 61–75. doi:10.1177/001316446802800106
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, D., & Nisbett, R. E. (1997). Field experiments examining the culture of honor: The role of institutions in perpetuating norms about violence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 23, 1188–1199. doi:10.1177/01461672972311006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, D., Nisbett, R. E., Bowdle, B. F., & Schwarz, N. (1996). Insult, aggression, and the southern culture of honor: An “experimental ethnography”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 945–960. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.70.5.945
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cross, S., Uskul, A. K., Gercek-Swing, B., Sunbay, Z., & Ataca, B. (2013). Confrontation vs. withdrawal: Cultural differences in responses to threats to honor. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations, 16, 345–362. doi:10.1177/1368430212461962
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cross, S., Uskul, A. K., Gercek-Swing, B., Sunbay, Z., Ataca, B., & Karakitapoglu, Z. ( in press). Cultural prototypes and dimensions of honor. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. doi:10.1177/0146167213510323
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emler, N. (1990). A social psychology of reputation. European Review of Social Psychology, 1, 171–193. doi:10.1080/14792779108401861
   Google Scholar
• Fehr, B. (1988). Prototype analysis of the concepts of love and commitment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55, 557–579. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.55.4.557
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fehr, B. (1999). Laypeople's conceptions of commitment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 90–103. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.76.1.90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilmore, D. D. (Ed.). (1987). Honor and shame and the unity of the Mediterranean. Washington, DC: American Anthropological Association.
   Google Scholar
• Gilmore, D. D. (1990). Manhood in the making. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ginat, J. (1987). Blood disputes among Bedouin and rural Arabs in Israel. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gregg, G. S. (2007). Culture and identity in a Muslim society. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gregg, A. P., Hart, C. M., Sedikides, C., & Kumashiro, M. (2008). Everyday conceptions of modesty: A prototype analysis. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34, 978–992. doi:10.1177/0146167208316734
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heine, S. J., Lehman, D. R., Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1999). Is there a universal need for positive self-regard? Psychological Review, 106, 766–794. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.106.4.766
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IJzerman, H., Van Dijk, W. W., & Gallucci, M. (2007). A bumpy train ride: A field experiment on insult, honor, and emotional response. Emotion, 7, 869–875. doi:10.1037/1528-3542.7.4.869
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kardam, F. (2005). The dynamics of honor killings in Turkey. Ankara: UNDP.
   Google Scholar
• Kearns, J. N., & Fincham, F. D. (2004). A prototype analysis of forgiveness. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30, 838–855. doi:10.1177/0146167204264237
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kitayama, S., Markus, H. R., & Matsumoto, H. (1995). A cultural perspective on self-conscious emotions. In J. P. Tangney & K. W. Fisher (Eds.), Self-conscious emotions: The psychology of shame, guilt, embarrassment, and pride (pp. 439–464). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kitayama, S., Markus, H. R., Matsumoto, H., & Norasakkunkit, V. (1997). Individual and collective processes in the construction of the self: Self-enhancement in the U.S. and self-criticism in Japan. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 1245–1267. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.72.6.1245
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kitayama, S., Mesquita, B., & Karasawa, M. (2006). Cultural affordances and emotional experience: Socially engaging and disengaging emotions in Japan and the United States. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91, 890–903. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.91.5.890
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kitayama, S., Park, H., Sevincer, A. T., Karasawa, M., & Uskul, A. K. (2009). A cultural task analysis of implicit independence: Comparing North America, Western Europe, and East Asia. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 97, 236–255. doi:10.1037/a0015999
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leung, A. K.-Y., & Cohen, D. (2011). Within- and between-culture variation: Individual differences and the cultural logics of honor, face, and dignity cultures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 100, 507–526.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mesquita, B., & Karasawa, M. (2002). Different emotional lives. Cognition and Emotion, 16, 127–141. doi:10.1080/0269993014000176
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mojab, S., & Abdo, N. (2004). Violence in the name of honor: Theoretical and political challenges. Istanbul: Istanbul Bilgi University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Murphy, M. (1983). Emotional confrontations between Sevillano fathers and sons. American Ethnologist, 10, 650–664. doi:10.1525/ae.1983.10.4.02a00020
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nisbett, R. E., & Cohen, D. (1996). Culture of honor: The psychology of violence in the South. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
   Google Scholar
• Oishi, S. (2002). The experiencing and remembering of well-being: A cross-cultural analysis. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28, 1398–1406. doi:10.1177/014616702236871
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peristiany, J. G. (Ed.). (1965). Honour and shame: The values of Mediterranean society. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.
   Google Scholar
• Pitt-Rivers, J. (1965). Honor and social status. In J. G. Peristiany (Ed.), Honor and shame: The values of Mediterranean society (pp. 19–78). London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.
   Google Scholar
• Pitt-Rivers, J. (1968). Honor. In D. Sills (Ed.), International encyclopedia of the social sciences (pp. 503–511). New York, NY: Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Pitt-Rivers, J. (1977). The fate of Shechem or the politics of sex: Essays in the anthropology of the Mediterranean. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Rodriguez Mosquera, P. M. (Ed). (2013). In the name of honor. On virtue, reputation, and violence. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations, 16, 271–388.
   Google Scholar
• Rodriguez Mosquera, P. M., Fischer, A. H., Manstead, A. S. R., & Zaalberg, R. (2008). Attack, disapproval, or withdrawal? The role of honor in anger and shame responses to being insulted. Cognition and Emotion, 22, 1471–1498. doi:10.1080/02699930701822272
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodriguez Mosquera, P. M., Manstead, A. S. R., & Fischer, A. H. (2000). The role of honor-related values in the elicitation, experience, and communication of pride, shame, and anger: Spain and the Netherlands compared. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26, 833–844. doi:10.1177/014617200269008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodriguez Mosquera, P. M., Manstead, A. S. R., & Fischer, A. H. (2002a). The role of honor concerns in emotional reactions to offenses. Cognition & Emotion, 16, 143–163. doi:10.1080/02699930143000167
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodriguez Mosquera, P. M., Manstead, A. S. R., & Fischer, A. H. (2002b). Honor in the Mediterranean and Northern Europe. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 33, 16–36. doi:10.1177/0022022102033001002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scollon, C. N., Diener, E., Oishi, S., & Biswas-Diener, R. (2004). Emotions across cultures and methods. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 35, 304–326. doi:10.1177/0022022104264124
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sev'er, A., & Yurdakul, G. (2001). Culture of honor, culture of change: A feminist analysis of honor killings in rural turkey. Violence against Women, 7, 964–998. doi:10.1177/10778010122182866
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, K. D., Turk Smith, S., & Christopher, J. C. (2007). What defines the good person? Cross-cultural comparisons of experts' models with lay prototypes. Journal of Cross Cultural Psychology, 38, 333–360. doi:10.1177/0022022107300279
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsai, J. L., Knutson, B. K., & Fung, H. H. (2006). Cultural variation in affect valuation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90, 288–307. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.90.2.288
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsai, J. L., & Levenson, R. W. (1997). Cultural influences on emotional responding: Chinese American and European American dating couples during interpersonal conflict. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 28, 600–625. doi:10.1177/0022022197285006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uskul, A. K., Cross, S., Gercek-Swing, B., Sunbay, Z., & Ataca, B. (2012). Honor bound: The cultural construction of honor in Turkey and the Northern US. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 43, 1131–1151. doi:10.1177/0022022111422258
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uskul, A. K., Oyserman, D., Schwarz, N., Lee, S. W., & Xu, A. J. (2013). How successful you have been in life depends on the response scale used: The role of cultural mindsets in pragmatic inferences drawn from question format. Social Cognition, 31, 222–236. doi:10.1521/soco.2013.31.2.222
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Osch, Y., Breugelmans, S. M., Zeelenberg, M., & Boluk, P. (2013). A different kind of honor culture: Family honor and aggression in Turks. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations, 16, 334–344. doi:10.1177/1368430212467475
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van de Vijver, F. J. R., & Leung, K. (1997). Methods and data analysis for cross-cultural research. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Vandello, J. A., & Cohen, D. (2003). Male honor and female fidelity: Implicit cultural scripts that perpetuate domestic violence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 997–1010. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.5.997
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagerman, S. A., & Funder, D. C. (2009). Personality psychology of situations. In P. J. Corr & G. Matthews (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of personality psychology (pp. 27–42). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Wikan, U. (1984). Shame and honour: A contestable pair. Man, 19, 635–652. doi:10.2307/2802330
   Google Scholar
• Wikan, U. (2008). In honor of Fadime: Murder and shame. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar