671
Views
6
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

But consider the alternative: The influence of positive affect on overconfidence

Pages 1382-1397 | Received 12 Mar 2013, Accepted 30 Dec 2013, Published online: 27 Jan 2014

REFERENCES

  • Alba, J. W., & Hutchinson, J. W. (2000). Knowledge calibration: What consumers know and what they think they know. Journal of Consumer Research, 27, 123–156. doi:10.1086/314317
  • Arkes, H. R., & Blumer, C. (1985). The psychology of sunk cost. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 35(1), 124–140. doi:10.1016/0749-5978(85)90049-4
  • Asendorpf, J. B., Banse, R., & Mücke, D. (2002). Double dissociation between implicit and explicit personality self-concept: The case of shy behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83, 380–393. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.83.2.380
  • Ashton-James, C. E., Maddux, W. W., Galinsky, A. D., & Chartrand, T. L. (2009). Who I am depends on how I feel: The role of affect in the expression of culture. Psychological Science, 20, 340–346.
  • Barber, B. M., & Odean, T. (2001). Boys will be boys: Gender, overconfidence, and common stock investment. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 116, 261–292. doi:10.1162/003355301556400
  • Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173–1182. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173
  • Baumann, N., & Kuhl, J. (2005). Positive affect and flexibility: Overcoming the precedence of global over local processing of visual information. Motivation and Emotion, 29(2), 123–134. doi:10.1007/s11031-005-7957-1
  • Bless, H., & Schwarz, N. (1999). Sufficient and necessary conditions in dual process models: The case of mood and processing styles. In S. Chaiken & Y. Trope (Eds.), Dual process models in social psychology (pp. 423–440). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
  • Buhrmester, M., Kwang, T., & Gosling, S. D. (2011). Amazon's Mechanical Turk: A new source of inexpensive, yet high-quality, data? Perspectives on Psychological Science, 6(1), 3–5. doi:10.1177/1745691610393980
  • Bullens, L., van Harreveld, F., Förster, J., & Higgins, T. E. (in press). How decision reversibility affects motivation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General.
  • Camerer, C. F., & Lovallo, D. (1999). Overconfidence and excess entry: An experimental approach. American Economic Review, 89, 306–318. doi:10.1257/aer.89.1.306
  • Carnevale, P. J. D., & Isen, A. M. (1986). The influence of positive affect and visual access on the discovery of integrative solutions in bilateral negotiation. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 37(1), 1–13. doi:10.1016/0749-5978(86)90041-5
  • Chambers, J. R., & Windschitl, P. D. (2004). Biases in social comparative judgments: The role of nonmotivated factors in above-average and comparative-optimism effects. Psychological Bulletin, 130, 813–838. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.130.5.813
  • Clore, G. L., & Gasper, K. (2000). Feeling is believing: Some affective influences on belief. In N. Frijda, T. Manstead, & S. Bem (Eds.), Emotions and beliefs (pp. 10–44). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
  • Cooper, A. C., Woo, C. Y., & Dunkelberg, W. C. (1988). Entrepreneurs' perceived chances for success. Journal of Business Venturing, 3(2), 97–108. doi:10.1016/0883-9026(88)90020-1
  • Cowan, N. (2005). Working memory capacity. Hove, East Sussex, UK: Psychology Press.
  • De Houwer, J. (2006). What are implicit measures and why are we using them. In R. W. Wiers & A. W. Stacy (Eds.), The handbook of implicit cognition and addiction (pp. 11–28). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Derryberry, D. (1993). Attentional consequences of outcome-related motivational states: Congruent, incongruent, and focusing effects. Motivation and Emotion, 17(2), 65–89. doi:10.1007/BF00995186
  • Djamasbi, S. (2007). Does positive affect influence the effective usage of a decision support system? Decision Support Systems, 43, 1707–1717. doi:10.1016/j.dss.2006.09.002
  • Epley, N., & Dunning, D. (2006). The mixed blessings of self-knowledge in behavioral prediction: Enhanced discrimination but exacerbated bias. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32, 641–655. doi:10.1177/0146167205284007
  • Erez, A., & Isen, A. M. (2002). The influence of positive affect on the components of expectancy motivation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 1055–1067. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.87.6.1055
  • Estrada, C. A., Isen, A. M., & Young, M. J. (1997). Positive affect facilitates integration of information and decreases anchoring in reasoning among physicians. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 72, 117–135. doi:10.1006/obhd.1997.2734
  • Fiedler, K., Schott, M., & Meiser, T. (2011). What mediation analysis can (not) do. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 47, 1231–1236. doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2011.05.007
  • Fisher, S. L., & Ford, J. K. (1998). Differential effects of learner effort and goal orientation on two learning outcomes. Personnel Psychology, 51, 397–420. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1998.tb00731.x
  • Forgas, J. P. (1995). Emotion in social judgments: Review and a new affect infusion model (AIM). Psychological Bulletin, 117, 39–66. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.117.1.39
  • Forgas, J. P. (1998). On feeling good and getting your way: Mood effects on negotiation strategies and outcomes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 565–577. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.74.3.565
  • Forgas, J. P., & George, J. M. (2001). Affective influences on judgments and behavior in organizations: An information processing perspective. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 86(1), 3–34. doi:10.1006/obhd.2001.2971
  • Fredrickson, B. L. (1998). What good are positive emotions? Review of General Psychology, 2, 300–319. doi:10.1037/1089-2680.2.3.300
  • Fredrickson, B. L. (2001). The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. American Psychologist, 56, 218–226. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.56.3.218
  • Frijda, N. H. (1988). The laws of emotion. American Psychologist, 43, 349–358. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.43.5.349
  • Gasper, K., & Clore, G. L. (2002). Attending to the big picture: Mood and global versus local processing of visual information. Psychological Science, 13(1), 34–40. doi:10.1111/1467-9280.00406
  • Gilchrist, A. L., & Cowan, N. (2011). Can the focus of attention accommodate multiple, separate items? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 37, 1484–1502. doi:10.1037/a0024352
  • Hayward, M. L. A., & Hambrick, D. C. (1997). Explaining the premiums paid for large acquisitions: Evidence of CEO hubris. Administrative Science Quarterly, 42(1), 103–127. doi:10.2307/2393810
  • Isen, A. M. (1993). Positive affect and decision making. In M. Lewis & J. M. Haviland (Eds.), Handbook of emotion (pp. 261–277). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
  • Isen, A. M. (2008). Chapter 34: Some ways in which positive affect influences decision making and problem solving. In M. Lewis, J. Haviland-Jones, & L. F. Barrett (Eds.), Handbook of Emotions (3rd ed., pp. 548–573). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
  • Isen, A. M., & Daubman, K. A. (1984). The influence of affect on categorization. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47, 1206–1217. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.47.6.1206
  • Isen, A. M., Daubman, K. A., & Nowicki, G. P. (1987). Positive affect facilitates creative problem solving. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 1122–1131. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.52.6.1122
  • Isen, A. M., Johnson, M. M., Mertz, E., & Robinson, G. F. (1985). The influence of positive affect on the unusualness of word associations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48, 1413–1426. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.48.6.1413
  • Johnson, D. D. P. (2004). Overconfidence and war: The havoc and glory of positive illusions. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Juslin, P., Wennerholm, P., & Olsson, H. (1999). Format dependence in subjective probability calibration. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 25, 1038–1052. doi:10.1037/0278-7393.25.4.1038
  • Krizan, Z., & Suls, J. (2008). Losing sight of oneself in the above-average effect: When egocentrism, focalism, and group diffuseness collide. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 44, 929–942. doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2008.01.006
  • Kruger, J. (1999). Lake Wobegon be gone! The “below-average effect” and the egocentric nature of comparative ability judgments. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 221–232. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.77.2.221
  • Kruger, J., & Burrus, J. (2004). Egocentrism and focalism in unrealistic optimism (and pessimism). Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 40, 332–340. doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2003.06.002
  • Kruger, J., & Dunning, D. (1999). Unskilled and unaware of it: How difficulties in recognizing one's own incompetence lead to inflated self-assessments. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 1121–1134. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.77.6.1121
  • Malmendier, U., & Tate, G. (2005). CEO overconfidence and corporate investment. The Journal of Finance, 60, 2661–2700. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6261.2005.00813.x
  • Merkle, C., & Weber, M. (2011). True overconfidence: The inability of rational information processing to account for apparent overconfidence. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 116, 262–271. doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2011.07.004
  • Messick, D. M., Bloom, S., Boldizar, J. P., & Samuelson, C. D. (1985). Why we are fairer than others. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 21, 480–500. doi:10.1016/0022-1031(85)90031-9
  • Moore, D. A., & Healy, P. J. (2008). The trouble with overconfidence. Psychological Review, 115, 502–517. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.115.2.502
  • Moore, D. A., & Kim, T. G. (2003). Myopic social prediction and the solo comparison effect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 1121–1135. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.85.6.1121
  • Moore, D. A., Kurtzberg, T. R., Fox, C. R., & Bazerman, M. H. (1999). Positive illusions and forecasting errors in mutual fund investment decisions. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 79(2), 95–114. doi:10.1006/obhd.1999.2835
  • Moore, D. A., & Small, D. A. (2007). Error bias in comparative judgment: On being both better and worse than we think we are. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92, 972–989. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.92.6.972
  • Nadler, R. T., Rabi, R., & Minda, J. P. (2010). Better mood and better performance learning rule-described categories is enhanced by positive mood. Psychological Science, 21, 1770–1776. doi:10.1177/0956797610387441
  • Odean, T. (1998). Volume, volatility, price, and profit when all traders are above average. The Journal of Finance, 53, 1887–1934. doi:10.1111/0022-1082.00078
  • Odean, T. (1999). Do investors trade too much? American Economic Review, 89, 1279–1298. doi:10.1257/aer.89.5.1279
  • Pronin, E., Kruger, J., Savitsky, K., & Ross, L. (2001). You don't know me, but I know you: The illusion of asymmetric insight Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81, 639–656. doi:10.1037//0022-3513.81.4.639
  • Rothermund, K. (2003). Motivation and attention: Incongruent effects of feedback on the processing of valence. Emotion, 3, 223–238. doi:10.1037/1528-3542.3.3.223
  • Rothermund, K., Gast, A., & Wentura, D. (2011). Incongruency effects in affective processing: Automatic motivational counter-regulation or mismatched-induced salience? Cognition & Emotion, 25, 413–425. doi:10.1080/02699931.2010.537075
  • Rothermund, K., Voss, A., & Wentura, D. (2008). Counter-regulation in affective attentional biases: A basic mechanism that warrants flexibility in emotion and motivation. Emotion, 8(1), 34–46. doi:10.1037/1528-3542.8.1.34
  • Schkade, D. A., & Kahneman, D. (1998). Does living in California make people happy? A focusing illusion in judgments of life satisfaction. Psychological Science, 9, 340–346. doi:10.1111/1467-9280.00066
  • Schwager, S., & Rothermund, K. (2013). Counter-regulation triggered by emotions: Positive/negative affective states elicit opposite valence biases in affective processing. Cognition and Emotion, 27, 839–855. doi:10.1080/02699931.2012.750599
  • Schwager, S., & Rothermund, K. (in press). On the dynamics of implicit emotion regulation: Counter-regulation after remembering events of high but not of low emotional intensity. Cognition and Emotion. Advance online publication, doi:10.1080/02699931.2013.866074
  • Sitzmann, T., & Ely, K. (2010). Sometimes you need a reminder: The effects of prompting self-regulation of regulatory processes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95(1), 132–144. doi:10.1037/a0018080
  • Sobel, M. E. (1982). Asymptotic confidence intervals for indirect effects in structural equation models. In S. Leinhardt (Ed.), Sociological methodology 1982 (pp. 290–312). Washington, DC: American Sociological Association.
  • Staw, B. M., & Barsade, S. G. (1993). Affect and managerial performance: A test of the sadder-but-wiser vs. happier-and-smarter hypotheses. Administrative Science Quarterly, 38, 304–331. doi:10.2307/2393415
  • Stone, D. N. (1994). Overconfidence in initial self-efficacy judgments: Effects on decision processes and performance. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 59, 452–474. doi:10.1006/obhd.1994.1069
  • Svenson, O. (1981). Are we all less risky and more skillful than our fellow drivers? Acta Psychologica, 47(2), 143–148. doi:10.1016/0001-6918(81)90005-6
  • Tabak, F., Nguyen, N., Basuray, T., & Darrow, W. (2009). Exploring the impact of personality on performance: How time-on-task moderates the mediation by self-efficacy. Personality and Individual Differences, 47, 823–828. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2009.06.027
  • Urada, D. I., & Miller, N. (2000). The impact of positive mood and category importance on crossed categorization effects. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 417–433.
  • Vancouver, J. B., More, K. M., & Yoder, R. J. (2008). Self-efficacy and resource allocation: Support for a nonmonotonic, discontinuous model. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(1), 35–47. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.93.1.35
  • Wentura, D., Voss, A., & Rothermund, K. (2009). Playing TETRIS for science counter-regulatory affective processing in a motivationally “hot” context. Acta Psychologica, 131, 171–177. doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2009.05.008
  • Wilson, T. D., & Gilbert, D. T. (2003). Affective forecasting. In P. Z. Mark (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (vol. 35, pp. 345–411). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
  • Windschitl, P. D., Kruger, J., & Simms, E. N. (2003). The influence of egocentrism and focalism on people's optimism in competitions: When what affects us equally affects me more. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 389–408. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.85.3.389
  • Windschitl, P. D., Rose, J. P., Stalkfleet, M. T., & Smith, A. R. (2008). Are people excessively judicious in the egocentrism? A modeling approach to understanding bias and accuracy in people's optimism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95, 253–273. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.95.2.253

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.