Consenting to counter-normative sexual acts: Differential effects of consent on anger and disgust as a function of transgressor or consenter

REFERENCES

• Baker, D. J. (2009). The moral limits of consent as a defense in the criminal law. New Criminal Law Review, 12, 93–121.
   Google Scholar
• Bolt, M., & Caswell, J. (1981). Attribution of responsibility to a rape victim. Journal of Social Psychology, 130, 413–415.
   Google Scholar
• Buhrmester, M. D., Kwang, T., & Gosling, S. D. (2011). Amazon's Mechanical Turk: A new source of inexpensive, yet high-quality data?Perspectives on Psychological Science, 6, 3–5. doi:10.1177/1745691610393980
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chapman, H. A., & Anderson, A. K. (2014). Trait physical disgust is related to moral judgments outside of the purity domain. Emotion, 14, 341–348. doi:10.1037/a0035120
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chapman, H. A., Kim, D. A., Susskind, J. M., & Anderson, A. K. (2009). In bad taste: Evidence for the oral origins of moral disgust. Science, 323, 1222–1226. doi:10.1126/science.1165565
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christopher, P. P., & Pinals, D. A. (2010). Capacity to consent to sexual acts: Understanding the nature of sexual conduct. Legal Digest, 38, 417–420.
   Google Scholar
• Curtis, V., Aunger, R., & Rabie, T. (2004). Evidence that disgust evolved to protect from risk of disease. Proceedings of the Royal Society: Biological Sciences, Series B, 271(Supp 4), S131–S133. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2003.0144
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feinberg, J. (1984). The moral limits of the criminal law: Harm to others (Vol. 1). New York: Oxford University Press
   Google Scholar
• Feinberg, J. (1988). The moral limits of the criminal law: Harmless wrongdoing (Vol. 4). New York: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Feldman-Summers, S., & Palmer, G. C. (1980). Rape as viewed by judges, prosecutors, and police officers. Criminal Justice and Behaviour, 7, 19–40. doi:10.1177/009385488000700103
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giner-Sorolla, R., Bosson, J. K., Caswell, T. A., & Hettinger, V. E. (2012). Emotions in sexual morality: Testing the separate elicitors of anger and disgust. Cognition & Emotion, 26, 1208–1222. doi:10.1080/02699931.2011.645278
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goetz, J. L., Keltner, D., & Simon-Thomas, E. (2010). Compassion: An evolutionary analysis and empirical review. Psychological Bulletin, 136, 351–374. doi:10.1037/a0018807
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldberg, J. H., Lerner, J. S., & Tetlock, P. E. (1999). Rage and reason: The psychology of the intuitive prosecutor. European Journal of Social Psychology, 29, 781–795. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6%3C781::AID-EJSP960%3E3.0.CO;2-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haidt, J. (2003). The moral emotions. In R. J. Davidson, K. R. Scherer, & H. H. Goldsmith(Eds.), Handbook of affective sciences (pp. 852–870). New York: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hart, H. L. A. (1968). Punishment and responsibility: Essays in the philosophy of law. New York: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Horberg, E. J., Oveis, C., Keltner, D., & Cohen, A. B. (2009). Disgust and the moralization of purity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 97, 963–976. doi:10.1037/a0017423
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inbar, Y., Pizarro, D. A., & Bloom, P. (2009). Conservatives are more easily disgusted. Cognition and Emotion, 23, 714–725. doi:10.1080/02699930802110007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inbar, Y., Pizarro, D. A., Knobe, J., & Bloom, P. (2009). Disgust sensitivity predicts intuitive disapproval of gays. Emotion, 9, 435–439. doi:10.1037/a0015960
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jenkins, M. J., & Dambrot, F. H. (1987). The attribution of date rape: Observer's attitudes and sexual experiences and the dating situation. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 17, 875–895. doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1987.tb00296.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones, E. E., & Aronson, E. (1973). Attribution of fault to a rape victim as a function of respectability of the victim. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 26, 415–419. doi:10.1037/h0034463
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanekar, S., & Kolsawalla, M. B. (1980). Responsibility of a rape victim in relation to her respectability, attractiveness, and provocativeness. Journal of Social Psychology, 112, 153–154. doi:10.1080/00224545.1980.9924310
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malle, B. F. (2004). How the mind explains behavior. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Malle, B. F., & Knobe, J. (1997). The folk concept of intentionality. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 33, 101–121. doi:10.1006/jesp.1996.1314
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McConnell, T. (2000). Inalienable rights: The limits of consent in medicine and law.
   Google Scholar
• Monroe, A. E., Guglielmo, S., & Malle, B. F. (2012). Morality goes beyond mind perception. Psychological Inquiry, 23, 179–184. doi:10.1080/1047840X.2012.668271
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muehlenhard, C. L. (1988). Misinterpreted dating behaviors and the risk of date rape. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 6, 20–37. doi:10.1521/jscp.1988.6.1.20
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nabi, R. L. (2002). The theoretical versus the lay meaning of disgust: Implications for emotion research. Cognition & Emotion, 16, 695–703. doi:10.1080/02699930143000437
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nussbaum, C. M. (2004). Hiding from humanity: Disgust, shame, and the law. Oxford: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ortony, A., Clore, G. L., & Collins, A. (1988). The cognitive structure of emotions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Parkinson, C., Sinott-Armstrong, W., Koralus, P. E., Mendelovici, A., McGeer, V., & Wheatley, T. (2011). Is morality unified? Evidence that distinct neural systems underlie moral judgment of harm, dishonesty, and disgust. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 10, 3162–3180. doi:10.1162/jocn_a_00017
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piazza, J., Russell, P. S., & Sousa, P. (2013). Moral emotions and the envisaging of mitigating circumstances for wrongdoing. Cognition and Emotion, 27, 707–722. doi:10.1080/02699931.2012.736859
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pillutla, M. M., & Murnighan, J. K. (1996). Unfairness, anger, and spite: Emotional rejections of ultimatum offers. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 68, 208–224. doi:10.1006/obhd.1996.0100
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prinz, J. J. (2007). The emotional construction of morals. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Reeder, G. D. (2009). Mindreading: Judgments about intentionality and motives in dispositional inference. Psychological Inquiry, 20, 1–18. doi:10.1080/10478400802615744
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robinson, P. (1984). Criminal law defences (Vols 1 & 2). St Paul, MN: West Publishing Company.
   Google Scholar
• Rozin, P., Haidt, J., & McCauley, C. R. (1993). Disgust. In M. Lewis & J. M. Haviland(Eds.), Handbook of emotions (pp. 575–594). New York: Guildford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Rozin, P., Lowery, L., Imada, S., & Haidt, J. (1999). The CAD hypothesis: A mapping between three moral emotions (contempt, anger, disgust) and three moral codes (community, autonomy, divinity). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 574–586. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.76.4.574
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russell, P. S., & Giner-Sorolla, R. (2011a). Moral anger, but not moral disgust, responds to intentionality. Emotion, 11, 233–240. doi:10.1037/a0022598
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russell, P. S., & Giner-Sorolla, R. (2011b). Social justifications for moral emotions: When reasons for disgust are less elaborated than for anger. Emotion, 11, 637–646. doi:10.1037/a0022600
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russell, P. S., & Giner-Sorolla, R. (2011c). Moral anger is more flexible than moral disgust. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 2, 360–364. doi:10.1177/1948550610391678
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russell, P. S., & Giner-Sorolla, R. (2013). Bodily moral disgust: What it is, how it is different from anger, and why it is an unreasoned emotion. Psychological Bulletin, 139, 328–351. doi:10.1037/a0029319
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russell, P. S., Piazza, J., & Giner-Sorolla, R. (2013). CAD revisited: Effects of the word moral on the moral relevance of disgust (and other emotions). Social Psychological and Personality Science, 4(1), 62–68. doi:10.1177/1948550612442913
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schnall, S., Haidt, J., Clore, G. L., & Jordan, A. (2008). Disgust as embodied moral judgment. Personality and Social Psychological Bulletin, 34, 1096–1109. doi:10.1177/0146167208317771
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scroggs, J. R. (1976). Penalties for rape as a function of victim provocativeness, damage, and resistance. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 6, 360–368. doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1976.tb02411.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sripada, C. S. (2010). The deep self model and asymmetries in folk judgments about intentional action. Philosophical Studies, 151, 159–176. doi:10.1007/s11098-009-9423-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sullivan, B. (2007). Rape, prostitution and consent. The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology, 40(2), 127–142. doi:10.1375/acri.40.2.127
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tracy, J. L., Robins, R. W., & Schriber, R. A. (2009). Development of a FACS-verified set of basic and self-conscious emotion expressions. Emotion, 9, 554–559. doi:10.1037/a0015766
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whatley, M. A. (1996). Victim characteristics influencing attributions of responsibility to rape victims: A meta-analysis. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 1, 81–95. doi:10.1016/1359-1789(95)00011-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wheatley, T., & Haidt, J. (2005). Hypnotic disgust makes moral judgments more severe. Psychological Science, 18, 780–784. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2005.01614.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young, L., & Saxe, R. (2011). When ignorance is no excuse: Different roles for intent across moral domains. Cognition, 120, 202–214. doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2011.04.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar